Environmental Taxes and Prices of Resources

During its 25 years of reform China has made impressive progress in the transition to a market economy. Much of the production and distribution in China is managed through the market, and the efficiency of this mechanism is evident in the country's sustained rapid growth. While the market is good at many things, however, it is not good at everything. One place in particular where the market breaks down concerns the use of natural resources and the environment, particularly where some important resource is freely available. While China's record of production and GDP growth is fantastic, its record of     

Environment and cancer in Shanghai

Shanghai is the biggest industrial city in China, and the problem of environmental pollution is rather serious. This article, taking Shanghai as an example, is to discuss: a general view of Shanghai's environment; the present situation and characteristics of cancer in Shanghai; analyses of the environmental factors of some kinds of cancers. The paper emphasizes the relationship between the environment and cancer in Shanghai, especially the environmental pollution and cancer. The aim of the article is not only to call people's concern to the pollution , but also to study the causes of some cancers.     

The nature of voluntary agreements in Japan — functions of Environment and Pollution Control Agreements

In Japan, Environment and Pollution Control Agreements (EPCAs) have been an important local environmental policy tool. This paper aims to define the current functions of EPCAs in Japan based on the author's empirical research. The most important characteristic of EPCAs is that they can set up particular environmental policies according to the locality. The eight functions of EPCAs are: (1) to regulate some activity while national regulations are in preparation, (2) to set standards to protect the area's environment, (3) to regulate major ‘point source polluters’, (4) to regulate substances and issues about which it is difficult to make rules, (5) to regulate activities over which the local governments do not have authority, (6) to reinforce administrative guidance, (7) conflict resolution, and (8) to follow up the Environmental Impact Assessment.The paper contains many case studies to prove the different functions of EPCAs. The paper also examines the environmental effectiveness of the EPCAs.     

Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences ,Chinese Academy of Sciences

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ (ＲＣＥＥＳ ＣＡＳ ) ,ｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｉｎ 1975 .Ｉｎ 1986,ｉｔｗａｓａｍａｌｇａｍａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＣＡＳ ,ａｎｄｗａｓｒｅｎａｍｅｄａｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ Ｅ…     

International Cooperation Projects in Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

1. CERP The Cooperative Ecological Research Programme (CERP) is a joint plan to study the Man and Biosphere (MAB) ecosystem in our country, founded by Germany through UNESCO. The second-stage projects of CERP had been undertaken in 1991, including: (1) Study on the Ecological Strategy for the Urban Development of Tianjin City Exemplifying the large industrial city, it is to study the succession mechanism, cybernetic characteristics, and systems analytic methods of identification, simulation and planning, of the Social-Economic-Natural Com-     

Brief Introduction to the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was set up in Oct. 1986. It was composed of the former Institute of Environmental Chemi-stry, which was founded in 1975, and the Ecology Center. The purpose of setting up the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences is to promote the cooperation of environmen- tal chemists, ecologists and geoscientists so as to solve ecological and environmental issues at regional, national and global levels through interdisciplinary studies.     

The Research Center for Eco—Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＦｉｅｌｄｓ :ＡｑｕａｔｉｃＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＱｕａｌｉｔｙＩｔｉｓｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｓａｎｄｈｉｇｈｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｗａｔｅｒｓａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ.Ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｈｉｇｈｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｆｏｒｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ,ｓｏａｓｔｏｐ…     

Three industries and wastewater and COD discharge of Beijing

Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｓｗｉｆｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｃｏｎｏｍｙａｎｄｔｈｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｐｅｏｐｌｅ′ｓｌｉｖｉｎｇｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ ,ｔｈｅｗａｔｅｒｕｓｅａｍｏｕｎｔａｎｄｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｂｅｃｏｍｅｂｉｇｇｅｒａｎｄｂｉｇｇｅｒ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｉｓｇｅｔｔｉｎｇｗｏｒｓｅａｎｄｗｏｒｓｅ .Ｓｏｉｌａｎｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｐｏｌｌｕｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒ,ａｎｄｐｅｏｐ…     

Mechanics Principle and Engineering Application of Split Layer and Bed Separation of Mining Overburden

<正>To control land surface subsidence caused the underground mineral exploitation and the catastrophic phenomena such as serious damage of buildings, waterbodies, cultivated lands, railways, bridges caused by land subsidence, bed separation grouting technology of overburden is put forward. To provide theoretical support for the technology, the characteristics and the mechanics mechanism of mining overburden from layer-split to formation of bed separation are studied. On the basis of elastic sheet board theory, calculation formula of rock sheet deflection is presented, and the mechanics criteria of the separation formation and the calculation formula of bed separation volume are set up. Finally, the applications and technics of bed separation grout technology of mining overburden to control land subsidence in china are introduced.     

Spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial community composition and factors influencing the surface water and sediments of urban rivers

The temporal and spatial characteristics of urban river bacterial communities help us understand the feedback mechanism of bacteria to changes in the aquatic environment.The Fuhe River plays an important role in determining the water ecological environment of Baiyangdian Lake.16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to study the microbial distribution characteristics in the Fuhe River in different seasons.The results showed that some environmental factors of the surface water (ammonia nitrogen (NH_...     

ThreeIndustries and water consumption of Beijing

ＴｈｒｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｏｆＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＷａｎｇＨｏｎｇｒｕｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７５，...     

Control effects of pε and pH on the generation and stability of chlorine dioxide

IntroductionDuetotheformationofsomepotentiallyhazardousby productsfromchlorinedisinfectionindrinkingwater,chlorinedioxide(ClO2 ) ,asanalternativedisinfectantandaneffectiveoxidant,formedfewerhalogenatedDBPsthanchlorine(Richardson ,1 994;2 0 0 0 ;Bryant,1 992 ) .InvestigationsofthegenerationandstabilityofClO2 havealreadypromoteditsapplication .However,previousstudiespaynoattentiontothefactorofelectronactivity (pε)thatactuallyaffectsthegenerationandstabilityofClO2 Theignoranceofpεappearan…     

Morphology and electrical conductivity of PACS

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｏｌｙａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ(ＰＡＣ) ,ａｋｉｎｄｏｆｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｆｌｏｃｃｕｌａｎｔ,ｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ.ＩｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＰＡＣａｎｄｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆＰＡＣｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ,ｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｒａｉｓｅｔｈｅｄｅｇｒｅｅｏｆｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰＡＣ .Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ ,ｔ…     

Technological paradigm and innovation of EST of SMEs in China

This article described the change of technological paradigm from environmentally unfriendly technology to environmentally sound technology(EST),and reported results from the investigation made in 1993-1995 of how China's small-medium enterprises(SMEs)have been innovating technology in response to environmental pressures and tried to identify factors affecting China' SMEs to innovate more environmentally sound products and processes.     

Interdependence of the slopes and intercepts from log-log correlations of measured gas-particle paritioning and vapor pressure—I. theory and analysis of available data

Gas-particle partitioning is examined using a partitioning constant K_p = (F/TSP)/A, where F (ng m⁻³) and A (ng m⁻³) are the particulate-assiociated and and concentrations, respectively, and TSP is the total suspended particulate matter level (μg m⁻³). At a given temperature and for a given sample of particulate matter, compound-dependent values of K_p tend to be correlated with the sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure (p_L⁰, toor according to log K_p = m_r log p_L⁰+b_m. Theory predicts that b_r values should be somewhat similar, and that m_r values should be near −1. This is supported by field and laboratory work. However, there is still noticeable variability in reported m_r and b_r values, even when obtained by the same researchers sampling in the same location. Three possible thermodynamic sources of variability include variability in the compound-to-compound differences in the thermodynamics of adsorption, event-to-event variability in the specific surface area of the aerosol and event-to-event variability in the ambient temperature. Non-thermodynamic sources of variability include sorption of gaseous analytes to the filters used in differentiating between F and A, the presence of non-exchangeable component in the measured F values, within-event adsorption/desorption kinetics, within-event changes in contaminant levels, and within-event changes in temperature. Each of these sources of variability operate in their own way to cause variability in m_r and b_r. In general, one can expect there to be a correlation in the obseved m_r and b_r of the form b_r = m_sm_r+b_s. For the study of Yamasaki et al. (1982, Envir. Sci. Technol. 16, 189–194), one obtains m_s = 5.77 and b_s = −2.18, with r² = 0.91. In the presence of such a correlation, one can expect that all log (F/TSP)/A vs log p_L⁰ plot will tend to intersect at the same (x,y) poitn given by (−m_s, b_s. Exisiting field and laboratory data show this tendency.     

Emergy evaluation of the environment and economy of Hong Kong

ＥｍｅｒｇｙｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇＬａｎＳｈｅｎｇｆａｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｇｕａｎｇｚｈｏ...     

Characteristics of air particulate matter and their sources inurban and rural area of Beijing, China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅｉｓａｇｒｏｗｉｎｇａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓｔｏｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｍａｊｏｒｃｉｔｅｓ.Ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｒａｃｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｕｒｂａｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｅｌｅｖａｔｅｄｂｙ ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｎｔ…     

Side-effects of organic and inorganic pollutants on soil nitrification and respiration

Ｓｉｄｅ－ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃａｎｄｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｏｎｓｏｉｌｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ￥ＧｏｎｇＰｉｎｇ；ＳｕｎＴｉｅｈｅｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｃｈ...     

Geoecological analysis of the Korea alpine and subalpine plants and lands

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｇｌｏｂａｌｗａｒｍｉｎｇｔｒｅｎｄ，ｗｈｉｃｈｔｏｏｋｐｌａｃｅｉｎｔｈｅ２０ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓｕｎｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌａｎｄｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｓｕｅｓ...