关于我国苯室内空气质量评价标准的建议

人们大部分时间处于室内，室内空气质量直接影响人们的身体健康。当前，室内空气污染已成为社会关注的热点问题，苯(C6H6)含量高低是室内空气质量(IAQ)好坏的重要指示指标。本文通过分析苯(C6H6)的理化特性、来源、毒理学研究和流行病学研究结果，在参考国外相关标准的基础上．结合我国的实际情况和目前污染水平，首次提出了我国苯((C6H6)室内空气质量三级标准建议值。     

论循环型城市的法制建设

循环型城市是循环经济理论应用到城市的具体体现,循环型城市的建设战略要通过正确的法律法规贯彻执行。文章分析了循环型城市法制建设的必要性和原则,重点论述了循环型城市法制建设的具体措施。     

淮北矿区发展循环经济研究对策

为了恢复和重建淮北矿区生态系统,提出了矿区发展生态工业和生态农业模式,使淮北矿区“资源-产品-污染物排放”的传统生产转型为“资源-产品-再生资源”的循环经济的发展模式,最终使整个淮北矿区生态、社会、经济效益协调增长,矿区实现生态良性循环,促进了淮北市的可持续发展。     

Effects of surfactants on graphene oxide nanoparticles transport in saturated porous media

Transport behaviors of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) in saturated porous media were examined as a function of the presence and concentration of anionic surfactant (SDBS) and non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) under different ionic strength (IS). The results showed that the GONPs were retained obviously in the sand columns at both IS of 50 and 200 mmol/L, and they were more mobile at lower IS. The presence and concentration of surfactants could enhance the GONP transport, particularly as observed at higher IS. It was interesting to see that the GONP transport was surfactant type dependent, and SDBS was more effective to facilitate GONP transport than Triton X-100 in our experimental conditions. The advection–dispersion–retention numerical modeling followed this trend and depicted the difference quantitatively. Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction calculations also were performed to interpret these effects, indicating that secondary minimum deposition was critical in this study.     

饱和多孔介质中胶体运移模拟方法研究进展

阐述了国内外针对胶体在饱和多孔介质中运移模拟方法的研究进展：胶体在多孔介质中由于对流和弥散作用发生运移,而由于表面沉积和筛滤作用滞留在多孔介质中,通常采用含有滞留项的对流弥散方程对胶体的运移行为进行宏观描述,并通过拟合得到胶体运移和滞留的宏观参数,但是对流弥散方程是对试验曲线的宏观描述,无法解释其背后的微观机理;胶体的运移和滞留作用由胶体的微观受力决定,包括胶体在水中的布朗运动和有效重力,胶体-胶体/胶体-固相表面之间的相互作用以及流场作用在胶体上的力3个部分;为了实现从微观受力到宏观参数的升尺度计算,研究者们提出了胶体过滤理论及其后续的修正方法对沉积速率等宏观参数进行预测,然而现有方法通常基于简化的流场,忽略了多孔介质复杂孔隙结构和表面特性的影响;孔隙结构模型是多孔介质孔隙结构的简化模型,基于该模型能够从胶体在多孔介质中的微观力学分析出发,预测胶体的宏观运移行为,然而已有研究中尚未全面的考虑胶体在多孔介质中运移和滞留的多种作用.本文总结了该领域待解决的问题,包括建立考虑微观机理的对流弥散方程,发展考虑多孔介质孔隙结构的胶体过滤理论以及完善基于孔隙结构模型的胶体运移模拟方法.     

乳化纳米铁浆液在含水层中的迁移特征研究

本文主要研究地下水修复试剂乳化纳米铁（EZVI）在含水层中的迁移特性和影响因素.一维模拟柱实验考察EZVI的穿透曲线和模拟柱中分布情况.结果表明：乳化植物油对纳米铁的改性显著提高了纳米铁在含水层中的迁移能力,EZVI的迁移距离为未改性纳米铁的2~3倍;EZVI中的乳化植物油会随水流迁移,分别形成纳米铁反应带和植物油反应带;岩性对迁移的影响表现为介质粒径越大,越有利于EZVI的迁移,且EZVI在粗砂中的迁移能力是细砂的1.9倍;注入速率通过影响纳米铁迁移到含水层介质表面的几率影响迁移行为,注入速率越大,迁移距离越长;共存离子对乳化纳米铁的迁移性能影响不大,会引起微量的铁的损失.最佳迁移效果的条件是3cm/min的注入速度,2g/L的注入浓度.     

Temporal variation of leachate quality in seawater saturated fills

Many waste fills are located along the coast, often encroaching into the sea, and are consequently subjected to seawater intrusion. Although previous investigations have demonstrated the beneficial effects of moisture addition on biodegradation processes, these studies have not considered the potential effects of seawater intrusion into a sea fill. In this study, a preliminary laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of seawater intrusion on biodegradation processes and leachate quality. Chemical analysis was performed on leachate samples for a period of 230 days to study the temporal variation of leachate quality in the early stages of refuse decomposition. Leachate samples were collected weekly and several parameters were monitored including pH, COD, TOC, TDS, EC, chlorides, sulfates, orthophosphates, nitrates, ammoniacal nitrogen, hardness, and heavy metals. Chemical concentration levels were related to biological activity within the test cells, and the results indicate that salt water could delay MSW biodegradation.     

赤泥淋滤液特征污染物在饱和砂土中的运移规律研究

为揭示赤泥对地下水的污染机理,防控其污染,对中国北方某炼铝厂赤泥堆场所取淋滤液进行水质分析,识别出严重超标特征污染物F⁻、SO₄ ²⁻、Al³⁺,通过一维砂柱试验研究了其在饱和中砂、细砂、粉砂3种介质中的运移规律。结果表明：特征污染物在砂柱中运移距离越大,其浓度越小;砂粒粒径越小,渗透系数越小,对特征污染物的截留能力越强,特征污染物在砂柱中完全穿透时间也越长。运用Hydrus-1D软件对3种特征污染物在饱和砂土中的运移过程进行模拟,得出在3种介质中弥散度(α)分别为1.76、0.95、0.58 cm,3种介质中F⁻的溶质反应参数K_d和N_u分别为2.10、1.00、4.10 mg/mL和24、28、30 mL/mg,SO₄ ²⁻的K_d和N_u分别为1.78、0.99、5.00 mg/mL和12、20、32 mL/mg,Al³⁺的K_d和N_u分别为1.44、1.65、4.44 mg/mL和18、17、45 mL/mg,呈现介质颗粒越细,K_d越大（吸附能力越强）,N_u越大（吸附速度越快）的特征。为防止赤泥污染,根据经济适用、取材方便的原则,建议选用粉砂土或颗粒更细的黏土作为污染防渗层。

     

胶态泡沫在饱和介质迁移特性及对PCE冲洗效果

利用表面活性剂胶态微泡沫冲洗技术来提高四氯乙烯（PCE）在地下水的溶解性和流动性,提高污染物迁移通量,强化去除效果.主要工艺参数和影响因素对泡沫稳定性的影响,结果表明4000r/min的搅拌转数即可产生稳定的胶态微泡沫,泡沫稳定性随表面活性剂浓度增大有小幅度提高,PCE对泡沫稳定性有不利影响;胶态微泡沫在含水层的迁移规律表明,泡沫前端迁移时不断破裂并气液分离,形成气体在上部,液体在下部,后续泡沫稳定向前推流的迁移模式,泡沫在含水层中受到地下水的静水压力,与在土壤迁移相比其体系压力更大,泡沫破裂更严重、迁移速率更慢;和液体冲洗相比,泡沫冲洗对PCE增溶增流效果明显,介质粒径为0.1~0.25mm、0.25~0.5mm和0.5~1mm时,PCE去除率分别达到83.7%、90.8%和98.2%,介质粒径越大,去除效果越明显.     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

pH对粘土矿物胶体在饱和多孔介质中运移的影响

环境pH值条件的变化是影响土壤胶体运移的重要因素之一.本文选取土壤体系中常见的两种不同结构类型的粘土矿物胶体高岭石和蒙脱石作为主要实验材料,通过室内模拟实验和数学模型分析的手段,分别研究了不同pH值条件下,两种无机胶体在多孔介质中的迁移规律.结果表明:高岭石胶体受溶液的pH条件影响强烈,随着pH的变化,ξ电位及颗粒粒径大小发生明显变化,不同的pH条件下的穿透曲线差异明显.在酸性条件下,高岭石胶体回收率显著降低,而蒙脱石胶体基本不受pH影响;利用HYDRUS-1D模型拟合结果与测定数据之间非常匹配,说明利用该模型模拟饱和条件下胶体在多孔介质中的迁移完全可靠.     

The influence of land-cover changes on the variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity in tropical peatlands

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Understanding the movement of water through peat is essential for effective conservation and management strategies for peatlands. Saturated...     

饱和多孔介质中重金属运移参数的敏感度分析

通过室内混合置换实验对Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb在石英砂中的运移特性进行了研究,并运用非平衡、非线性吸附模型对重金属运移的动态过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,耦合Freundlich等温吸附的两点非平衡模型(Two Site Nonequilibrium Model,TSN)对重金属运移穿透曲线(BTCs)的拟合效果较好(R...     

离子液体[C8mim]PF6对水生生物的毒性作用

运用评价化学品对水生生物毒性的标准试验方法,探讨离子液体1-辛基-3-甲基-咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C8mim]PF6)对普通小球藻、大型蚤和斑马鱼的毒性影响.结果表明,[C8mim]PF6在实验浓度下,对普通小球藻的生长和叶绿素a的产生均有抑制作用,浓度越高抑制作用越明显,且对叶绿素a含量的影响更为显著.高浓度组(200mg/L)可致死部分小球藻细胞;[C8mim]PF6对大型蚤的48h LC50为4.47mg/L,属于高毒性;[C8mim]PF6对斑马鱼的96h LC50为126.08mg/L,属于低毒性.[C8mim]PF6对这3种水生生物的抑制率/致死率(EC50/LC50)随时间呈规律性变化.[C8mim]PF6与藻类的亲和性及其亲脂特性可能是其对水生生物存在潜在毒性的2个主要原因.     

循环式活性污泥法中厌氧生物选择区的运行条件研究

研究了循环式活性污泥法中厌氧生物选择区的停留时间、进水有机物浓度和系统中泥龄、曝气时间等运行参数对选择区内厌氧释磷以及有机物的吸收贮存的影响。结果表明，选择区停留时间lh，系统泥龄5d，曝气2h，进水有机物浓度COD／TP=60--70，选择器中释磷效果及微生物的吸附性能最优，可去除进水中78％的COD。而且污泥沉降性能良好，试验运行过程中，SVI一直保持在30--40ml／g左右。