最严格水资源管理制度政策效果仿真研究——以江苏为例

为探索中国最严格水资源管理制度实施成效,本研究运用系统动力学方法构建最严格水资源管理制度政策效果仿真模型,以江苏为例,首先从横向比较研究的视角,设置无政策和政策延续两种情景,分析有无政策时用水总量、用水效率和水功能区纳污的管控效果;然后从纵向比较研究的视角,分析政策实施后2013—2030年用水总量、用水效率和水功能区纳污控制效果的演化情况。结果显示：(1)横向对比,相对于无政策情景,政策延续情景下的区域水资源需求总量、万元GDP用水量以及污废水中的COD排放总量均有不同幅度的下降,且降幅逐年扩大,政策成效显著;(2)纵向对比,政策延续情景下,2030年区域水资源需求总量将超过国家最严格水资源管理制度考核要求近20亿m3,2025年万元GDP用水量降幅低于“十四五”节水型社会建设规划目标近2%,2030年污废水中的COD排放总量将比2021年升高近24%,政策管控水平仍需进一步提升。     

虚拟水在我国水资源管理领域的应用和探讨

虚拟水以其形象的表达和丰富的内涵,成为2000年以后全球水科学研究领域的热点,被广泛认为是深入研究水资源管理的重要概念,也是衡量人类对水资源系统真实占有量的有效工具。文章系统介绍了虚拟水的基本概念,并对其目前在我国水资源管理领域的应用做了系统性的阐述和探讨。     

区域水资源最优配置的研究：以汉中盆地为例

本文通过对水资源优化系统的分析，指出了该系统一些易被人们忽视的特征：①水资源优化系统只是整个资源优化大系统的一个子系统，它具有大型性、整体最优性、等级层次性、相对独立性等诸多特征，因此我们必须将其置于资源优化系统中去考察。②该系统也是一个复杂的动态系统，所以必须应用动态规划法去处理它。③水资源优化系统中的多目标间存在各种冲突，显然协调冲突在水资源优化配置研究中是至关重要的，文中提出三种冲突－协调方     

中国西南地区的水资源管理

水资源是本世纪的危机资源.中国的水资源相对贫乏,而且空间分布极不平衡,南多北少,西南地区水资源量约占全国水资源总量的46%.加强该地区的水资源管理,对解决我国的水资源危机具有重大的战略意义.在市场经济条件下,只有将国家宏观调控与市场调节结合起来,充分发挥行政和经济两种手段的作用,才能实现对水资源的有效管理.     

水资源研究中几个问题的探讨

本文讨论了区域水资源的评价问题.无论是地表水、地下水,还是土壤水都是来源于大气降水,降水资源才是区域总水资源;同时讨论了区域水资源的平衡原理.降水资源转化了截留水、地表水、土壤水和地下水4项水资源.该文对这2种不同的水体进行了深入讨论,着重论述了土壤水资源的概念及其特征.并对潜水蒸发和水资源的价值问题提出了看法.     

加拿大阿尔伯塔省农用水资源管理经验和做法——兼论对我国干旱半干旱地区的启示

通过分析加拿大阿尔伯塔省农用水资源的利用现状,从旱灾和水事件引发公众对水资源管理重要性认识的视角导入,从政策法规制定、水市场建立、节水技术应用和公众参与等层面归纳了阿尔伯塔省农用水资源管理的主要经验和做法,藉以对我国干旱半干旱地区的水资源管理提供借鉴和参考.     

区域经济政策对区域经济发展的影响——以山东半岛城市群为例

区域经济快速、健康、稳定发展是区域社会发展中的重大战略问题。随着近些年来区域经济发展速度的不断加快,市场机制“马太效应”和试错性逐渐显现出来,为区域经济政策的形成创造了条件。以山东省制定的山东半岛城市群区域经济政策为例,分析了区域经济政策对区域经济发展的影响,评价其政策效应,讨论如何更加有效地保障该区域经济政策的实施,从而实现区域经济均衡发展的总体目标。     

废水资源化是实施可持续水资源管理的必然要求

介绍了可持续水资源管理的概念,阐述了实施可持续水资源管理的必要性。介绍了废水资源化的概念、意义及其发展历史与现状,论述了废水资源化是可持续水资源管理的必然要求。认为废水资源化管理必须充分考虑到其自身的特点。比较了废水资源化管理与普通的水资源管理的异同。     

试析《水法》下的水资源统一管理

水是关系社会可持续发展的重要资源,但是我国水管理的弊端造成水资源状况不容乐观。针对这一情况,2002年《水法》的修改重点之一是加强了水资源统一管理。本文从统一管理的必要性出发,分析了《水法》有关水资源统一管理的规定,并指出了有待完善之处。     

America’s Rivers and the American Experiment1

Doyle, Martin W., 2012. America’s Rivers and the American Experiment. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 820‐837. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00652.x Abstract:  America’s rivers are managed, over long periods of time, based on the most basic ideologies of the United States (U.S.) government. An essential notion of the U.S. government, and thus a necessity of river management, is governing as experiment. This leads to three necessary characteristics of river management: (1) adapting management practices based on experience and thus creating management and agency structures that are highly malleable and that can change directions, (2) overlapping of management roles and responsibilities between agencies which includes intentional redundancy and interagency competition, and (3) federalism — the devolution of responsibilities between national, state, and other unit governments (e.g., municipalities, counties). While these characteristics are often criticized as inefficient, in fact they have provided a surprisingly effective system for river management that has responded to the needs of society at different times and in different places. A key question for river and water resource managers is whether this particular system, so initially unappealing, is best able to meet the future needs of the U.S.     

WATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES FOR THE NINETIES1

ABSTRACT: This paper summarizes contemporary water management issues as recognized by 19 U.S. organizations. Only the issues are identified herein. Individual organization stands are not presented. Most suggestions for action are those of the author. Addresses of all organizations whose documents were reviewed are included in the Reference section so that those desiring to learn more about an organization's stand can readily make contact.     

Enhanced water resource base for sustainable integrated water resource management

The article states the case for greatly enhanced reliance on desalination in the provision of freshwater. It argues that the concept of integrated water resource management (IWRM), should be expanded to routinely include desalination, and that sea water and brackish water should be listed among available sources of freshwater. In recent years, the price per m3 of freshwater obtained from desalination has steadily declined, and is now within competitive range of conventional sources, especially as extracting water from surface sources (rivers, lakes) is becoming increasingly expensive as well as ecologically harmful, and groundwater in many locations is saline or depleted. With the expectation that by 2020, five billion people will reside in megacities, today's conventional water resources are likely to become insufficient. As many of these megacities are located near ocean coasts, sea water seems a logical solution.     

PATTERN OF GROUND-WATER LEVEL DECLINE IN THE HIGH PLAINS AQUIFER NEBRASKA1

ABSTRACT: Ground-water level decline patterns in parts of Nebraska conform to the circular island concept of Bredehoeft et al. (1982), which indicates how water is derived by wells developed in a circular island. If elongated, the center of the island corresponds to a regional ground-water divide while the shoreline corresponds to a regional river. In both versions, ground-water table elevation is a function of recharge and transmissivity. A dynamic equilibrium exists such that the gradient of the water table will convey all recharge to discharge areas. Withdrawals of ground water result initially in mining, with a new equilibrium attained when pumping equals capture. During early development, capture is an important source of water in discharge areas, while mining is more significant in recharge areas. The pattern observed in many areas shows the greatest ground-water level decline in the vicinity of ground-water divides and the steepest gradient near regional rivers. A similar pattern has been observed adjacent to the Arkansas River in south-central Kansas. Similar decline patterns can be modeled for a hypothetical ground-water basin. This is of major importance to water-resource managers because it dictates that management programs be applied to the entire hydrologic system.