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活性污染法污水处理过程自动控制的研究现状 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
活性污泥法污水处理是利用自然界中微生物的生命活动来清除污水中有机污染物的一种有效方法,是当前世界上处理工业有机污水和城市生活的主要途径。本文综述了污水处理过程自动控制所面临的困难,研究现状以及发展方向,分析了目前国内外污水处理过程自动化水平落后而仍采用人工控制的原因,阐述了污水处理过程的传统控制策略和智能控制策略,并指出智能控制作为污水生化处理过程控制的未来发展方向,可以大大提高系统的可靠性和稳定性,降低运行成本。 相似文献
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智能控制在污水生物处理系统中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对智能控制的适用范围及污水生物处理工艺的特征进行了简单分析。对智能控制的3大主要分支模糊逻辑控制、神经网络控制及专家控制系统在污水生物处理中应用的最新动态进行了评论和分析。结果表明,在污水生物处理中引入智能控制是一种提高处理效率、降低运行成本的有效方法,国内在污水生物处理智能控制的应用研究与国外有较大的差距,国内的研究及应用还处在发展阶段,应当加强。最后对污水生物处理智能控制的发展方向作了简要分析。 相似文献
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小城镇和农村污水处理与资源化技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了小城镇和农村污水主要采用的小型装置和生态系统两方面的处理技术.分别描述了小型装置中UASB、SBR、生物滤池、化粪池处理技术和生态系统中人工湿地、绿色生态滤池在小城镇和农村污水处理中的应用.最后进一步对小型装置和生态系统两种处理技术进行比较分析,提出在中国小城镇和农村用人工湿地进行污水处理、综合利用和无害化排放技术为今后的发展方向. 相似文献
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污水处理工程--两段式活性污泥工艺 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国中小城市的污水处理通常有如下特点(1 )工业废水所占比重较大,甚至超过50 %,致使要处理的城市污水的污染物浓度较高,污染物负荷变化较大 ;(2)城市财政状况比较紧张,可用于建设污水处理厂的资金有限.两段式活性污泥工艺是对传统活性污泥工艺的改进,在好氧处理之前采用一个缺氧或厌氧段,用于有机物的水解酸化或生物除磷.两段式工艺有以下优点处理效率高、工程投资和日常运行费用低,更适合我国国情.本文以两个工程项目为例,论述了两段式活性污泥工艺的工程设计与实际应用.山东省招远市污水处理厂于1999年7月投入运行,处理后排放水中的污染物指标低于设计值.蓬莱市污水处理厂工程即将竣工,设计处理能力20000m3 /d,工程总投资约1200万元,远远低于目前国内的平均水平. 相似文献
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低COD/N-NH_4比废水的同时硝化反硝化生物处理策略 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从生化反应计量学出发 ,提出了对低 COD/ N- NH4比废水可以通过控制营养配比、调控溶解氧浓度和控制生物硝化及生物反硝化 ,经过 NO- 2 途径进行同时硝化反硝化的生物处理策略。对香港低 COD/ N- NH4比的垃圾渗漏水用同时硝化反硝化处理的成功实例进行了讨论 相似文献
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Decolorization and biodegradation of dye wastewaters by a facultative-aerobic process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: Dye wastewater is one of the main pollution sources of water bodies in China. Conventional biological processes are relatively ineffective for color removal, the development of alternative treatment methods will become important. Our subjective was that of introducing a new biotreatment technology which combined a facultative biofilm reactor (FBR) with an aerobic reactor (AR) to treat a dye wastewater. The efficiencies of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the mechanism of dye degradation were investigated. METHODS: The anthraquinone acid dye (acid blue BRLL) concentration, organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were varied in the experiments to evaluate the treatment efficiency and process stability. The biodegradation products were detected by infrared (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results demonstrated that the facultative biofilm process was more effective for decolorization than the anaerobic stage of an anaerobic-aerobic process. Most color removal occurred in the facultative reaction (maximum to 88.5%) and the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand): COD of the FBR effluent increased by 82.2%, thus improving the biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment. The dye concentration, OLR and HRT will be the factors affecting decolorization. Color removal efficiency falls as the influent dye concentration increases, but rises with increased HRT. The infrared and HPLC-MS analyses of the effluents of FBR and AR reveal that the dye parent compound was degraded in each reactor during the process. CONCLUSION: The Facultative-aerobic (F-A) system can effectively remove both color and COD from the dye wastewater. The FBR played an essential role in the process. The average overall color and COD in the system were removed by more than 93.9% and 97.1%, respectively, at an OLR of 1.1 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) and at the HRT of 18-20 hours in the FBR and 4-5 hours in the AR. The color removal mechanism in each reactor was not only a sort of biosorption on the floc materials, but even more an effect of biodegradation, especially in the facultative process. Recommendation and Outlook. In applying the F-A system to treat a dye wastewater, the control of facultative processes and the set up of appropriate operation conditions appear to be critical factors. Also, it is suggested a moderate COD loading rate and about a 24-hour HRT will favor the F-A system. 相似文献
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A2/O工艺中的反硝化除磷 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
A2/O工艺是一种最简单的同步脱氮除磷工艺,但由于其系统中固有的基质竞争和污泥龄等矛盾,在实际应用中特别是处理低C/N比污水时脱氮除磷效率较低.反硝化除磷工艺作为近年来颇受关注的污水生物处理新技术.由于在脱氮除磷过程中可以在碳源利用上耦合,可从一定程度上缓解A2/O工艺中的基质竞争矛盾,使得其在处理低C/N比污水时也能实现较高的脱氮除磷效率.就反硝化除磷的技术原理,结合其在A2/O工艺中的最新研究成果及其控制策略,对A2/O工艺中的反硝化除磷的实现、维持及影响因素进行了分析和探讨,并对其发展方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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利用HFS 1型深度光氧化废水处理设备对活性艳蓝K3R、酸性红 3B、活性黑KNB、酸性红A、直接耐酸大红4BS等 5种染料的水溶液和多菌灵农药废水进行了深度光氧化处理。结果表明 :(1)染料在处理 5min后 ,脱色率都在 90 %以上 ;处理 15min后 ,CODCr的去除率除活性艳蓝K3R较低外 ,其余的都在 80 %以上 ;BOD5/CODCr的值都有所增大。 (2 )多菌灵农药废水 (经稀释 )处理 4 0min后CODCr的去除率为 5 7.0 % ,BOD5/CODCr的值由 0 .2 0增加到 0 .4 4。 (3)采用深度光氧化 -絮凝的工艺处理多菌灵农药废水 ,CODCr的去除率为 5 7.5 %。 相似文献
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Membrane separation technology is increasingly becoming an important innovation in biological wastewater treatment. Biofouling of the membrane is a major factor affecting the efficient and economic operation of membrane separation bioreactors (MBRs). This review summarizes the state-of-the-art progress in understanding the mechanisms and factors affecting membrane biofouling and the strategies for biofouling control. Biofouling mechanisms include the adsorption of soluble and suspended extracellular polymers on membrane surfaces and in membrane pores, the clogging of membrane pore structure by fine colloidal particles and cell debris, and the adhesion and deposition of sludge cake on membrane surfaces. Design and operating conditions of membrane modules and materials, hydrodynamic conditions in MBRs, process and environmental conditions of activated sludge systems, and the physicochemical properties of the wastewater are the dominant factors determining membrane biofouling. Current strategies to control biofouling include periodic relaxation, backwashing, chemical cleaning, and possible manipulation of hydrodynamic conditions and sludge properties. Achieving full integration of MBRs in wastewater treatment technology requires further research and development. Fundamental information on the bacteria, colloid, and membrane interaction, developed through multimethod and multiscale approaches, is particularly needed. 相似文献
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改良A^2/O工艺的工程实践 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
城市污水处理厂采用多点进水的改良A^2/O生物脱氮除磷工艺,取得了较好的脱氮除磷效果.在工艺运行中,通过采取有效的调控措施,保证了生化池脱氮除磷各反应单元的溶解氧要求,得到了较佳的工艺运行参数控制范围. 相似文献