带百叶吸声体的轨道交通全封闭声屏障声学设计研究

依据相关设计规范，轨道交通全封闭声屏障应设置不少于水平投影响面积5%的自然排烟通道，这将直接导致全封闭声屏障顶部严重漏声。为减少全封闭声屏障顶部漏声，提出并设计了全封闭声屏障顶部开口处百叶吸声体。采用SoundPLAN噪声预测软件，模拟全封闭声屏障顶部开口位置安装百叶吸声体前后对周边敏感建筑的噪声影响。在全封闭声屏障顶部开口位置处安装百叶吸声体后，敏感点的噪声值比安装前明显降低；不同厚度和不同材质的百叶吸声体对全封闭声屏障整体降噪效果均有影响。结果表明，在全封闭声屏障顶部开口位置安装百叶吸声体可以提高声屏障降噪效果。     

一种户外变电站用声屏障模块化降噪方法

近年来我国输变电技术快速发展,高压输电线路深入城区,引起噪声投诉问题增多。为有效控制户外变电站的噪声影响,提出了一种声屏障模块化降噪设计方法,该方法通过查询降噪材料数据库,进行隔声材料优选;通过建立声屏障仿真模型,结合工程应用经验,获得了不同高度、不同安装位置的声屏障降噪效果。采用该方法,完成了某500k V户外变电站的声屏障设计与应用,经站界和敏感建筑物内噪声检测,声屏障安装后噪声排放满足《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》(GB 12348—2008)中Ⅱ类声环境功能区的要求。     

浅析城市景观格局对声环境的影晌

对不同城市景观格局下的声环境进行测量、分析,了解不同景观格局对声环境的影响,为城市格局的规划、建设提供一定的依据,建立和谐的生态文明。本次调研,除考虑景观布局因素之外,时间段、车流量、天气、其它声源等因素也考虑在内,分析比较各影响因子对声值的影响力大小,使数据更具代表性。     

四川省城市声环境质量状况与分析

根据四川省2007年城市功能区声环境、城市区域声环境和道路交通声环境数据,阐明全省城市声环境质量现状,分析城市声源构成、各等级声覆盖率及其变化趋势.与国内一般情况相比,四川省城市声源构成具有社会生活噪声影响范围更最广,交通噪声影响范围较小等特点.四川省城市环境质量状况总体上处于较好水平,且有逐年下降趋势.同时,存在部分不同程度的噪声污染区,甚至存在一定程度的重度污染区.     

乡村旅游地的声景观评价研究 ——以皖南宏村为例

声音环境和声景观评价是乡村旅游研究的重要议题.选取皖南宏村为案例地,基于乡村游客的问卷调查,采用语义差异量表从自然地理声、生物声、人类活动声等三方面评价乡村声景观,实证分析乡村旅游地声音环境的声景观评价.研究发现,生物声明显优于自然地理声及人类活动声,过多的人类活动声会导致受访者反感.对于乡村旅游地的整体景观评价和声景...     

公路声屏障设计标准化研究

文章针对现有公路声屏障设计导致的工程质量良莠不齐、降噪效果不够理想等问题,根据公路声屏障的需求和设计总体思路,分析公路声屏障标准化设计的原则和方法,提出公路声屏障设计在声学、结构与形式、安全、材料、景观、养护和设计文件方面进行标准化的具体要求和内容。本研究提出的公路声屏障标准化设计内容,可以有效解决声屏障设计缺陷导致的工程耐久性较低、降噪效果达不到设计预期等问题,弥补现有公路声屏障设计规范和技术标准要求方面的不足。研究结果可以满足公路声屏障的设计需求和建设要求,降低声屏障位置设置的偏差,增强结构稳固性,提高材料耐久性,减少维护养护成本,为国内公路声屏障设计标准化提供依据。     

加速度传感器声灵敏度测试技术研究

本文对加速度传感器的声灵敏度产生原因进行分析,介绍了以纯音噪声声场的声灵敏度测试系统。通过实验对声灵敏度由声场声压级变化和频率变化的响应进行研究,提出一种随机噪声声灵敏度合成模型,并对模型进行技术研究。     

北戴河旅游旺季声环境质量及污染防治对策

以北戴河2018年声环境监测数据为依据,对北戴河旅游旺季(7月—8月)声环境质量状况进行了分析。结果表明:2018年北戴河旅游旺季声环境昼间等效声级符合声环境2类功能区标准比例为36.8%,夜间等效声级符合声环境2类功能区标准比例(27.1%),较2017年有所提高。7月中旬到8月中旬等效声级明显出现波峰。影响声环境质量的主要因素有社会生活噪声、交通噪声和自然环境噪声等。应通过加强城市交通噪声控制、强化社会生活噪声管理力度、完善机制、加强宣传教育、加强公众参与等防治措施改善声环境质量。     

2019—2021年南充市主城区声环境功能区噪声变化趋势与防治措施

噪声污染是环境污染类型之一。通过对2019—2021年南充市主城区4类声环境功能区噪声污染水平及噪声变化趋势进行分析可得：南充市主城区声环境功能区声环境质量总体较好,夜间的噪声污染较昼间严重;1类功能区声环境质量有改善趋势但达标率相对较低,2类、3类和4a类功能区的声环境质量呈下降趋势;受城区居民生活、出行和生产的影响,南充市主城区各声环境功能区噪声日变化曲线总体呈“双峰型”。建议今后南充市主城区应加强夜间噪声污染防治工作。     

轨道交通工程声屏障声学设计与评价标准探讨

本文对城市轨道交通和铁路工程的声屏障设计体系进行了梳理,对比分析了城市轨道交通和铁路声屏障专业设计标准与综合性规范的差异,并给出了对设计标准的改进建议。文章还对现行的声屏障评价标准进行了剖析,指出了轨道交通工程声屏障评价标准的问题并提出了改进建议。     

COMBINATION OF RADAR AND GAUGE DATA IN A RAINFALL ARCHIVE SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: Near real time daily rainfall estimates for the UK are available from three sources: a sparse network of gauges, radar data, or radar data adjusted by the sparse gauges. The PARAGON rainfall archive system, which has been developed by the UK Meteorological Office, is able to produce these estimates in near real time on a 5 km grid. The ability of these estimates to reproduce the 5 km grid point field derived later from a dense network of gauges is compared using case studies. Five techniques have been used to assess the relative quality of the various estimates. There is general agreement between the results of the various techniques. For the London radar there are examples of days when the rainfall estimate was improved by incorporating radar data; conversely, there are days when the radar data make it worse. Overall little evidence was found to suggest that adjusted radar data are consistently markedly better than gauge estimates. Discriminate use of radar data is recommended.     

成都冬季典型辐射逆温过程分析

本文利用测温声雷达的探测结果，借助同期探空和地面观测资料，分析了成都平原典型辐射逆温的生消演变规律，指出了其主要特征。这些结果对气候资源利用、污染气象条件的研究等具有重要意义。     

Evaluation of Gauge‐Radar Merging Methods Using a Semi‐Distributed Hydrological Model in the Upper Thames River Basin,Canada

Gauge‐radar merging methods combine rainfall estimates from rain gauges and radar to capitalize on the strengths of the individual instruments. The performance of four well‐known gauge‐radar merging methods, including mean field bias correction, Brandes spatial adjustment, local bias correction using kriging, and conditional merging, are examined using Environment Canada radar and the Upper Thames River Basin in southwestern Ontario, Canada, as a case study. The analysis assesses the effect of gauge‐radar merging methods on: (1) the accuracy of predicted rainfall accumulations; and (2) the accuracy of predicted streamflows using a semi‐distributed hydrological model. In addition, several influencing factors (i.e., gauge density, storm type, basin type, proximity to the radar tower, and time‐step of adjustment) are analyzed to determine their effect on the performance of the rainfall estimation techniques. Confirming results of previous studies, the merging methods provide an increase in the accuracy of both rainfall accumulation estimations and predicted streamflows. The results also indicate specific factors such as gauge density, rainfall intensity, and time‐step of adjustment can reduce the accuracy of merging methods and play a key role in the examination of its use for operational purposes. Results provide guidance for hydrologists and engineers assessing how best to apply corrected radar products to improve rainfall estimation and hydrological modeling accuracy.     

某雷达操控台环境工程及可靠性设计

本文主要介绍和分析了某雷达操控台环境工程设计及可靠性技术,根据该雷达的特点及各组成设备,对操控台进行了热环境设计、可靠性、维修性设计、人机工程及电磁兼容设计等,设计分析表明,该雷达操控台能够满足雷达使用要求.     

Long‐Term High‐Resolution Radar Rainfall Fields for Urban Hydrology

Accurate records of high‐resolution rainfall fields are essential in urban hydrology, and are lacking in many areas. We develop a high‐resolution (15 min, 1 km²) radar rainfall data set for Charlotte, North Carolina during the 2001‐2010 period using the Hydro‐NEXRAD system with radar reflectivity from the National Weather Service Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler weather radar located in Greer, South Carolina. A dense network of 71 rain gages is used for estimating and correcting radar rainfall biases. Radar rainfall estimates with daily mean field bias (MFB) correction accurately capture the spatial and temporal structure of extreme rainfall, but bias correction at finer timescales can improve cold‐season and tropical cyclone rainfall estimates. Approximately 25 rain gages are sufficient to estimate daily MFB over an area of at least 2,500 km², suggesting that robust bias correction is feasible in many urban areas. Conditional (rain‐rate dependent) bias can be removed, but at the expense of other performance criteria such as mean square error. Hydro‐NEXRAD radar rainfall estimates are also compared with the coarser resolution (hourly, 16 km²) Stage IV operational rainfall product. Stage IV is adequate for flood water balance studies but is insufficient for applications such as urban flood modeling, in which the temporal and spatial scales of relevant hydrologic processes are short. We recommend the increased use of high‐resolution radar rainfall fields in urban hydrology.     

雷达关键部件对西北地区典型环境适应性的综合仿真研究

长期工作在西北地区大温差、多风砂和强紫外线等恶劣复杂环境下的雷达装备表面极易出现表面磨蚀或损坏。建立了雷达对西北地区综合环境适应性的仿真分析方法,以计算流体动力学(CFD)软件FLUENT为平台,对雷达典型部件在大温差、多风砂和强紫外线环境中的表面状态进行仿真模拟。仿真结果与雷达装备实际情况较为吻合,为进一步深入研究相关物理机理以及设计防护措施提供了理论依据。     

多普勒气象雷达电磁辐射影响水平分析

通过对多普勒气象雷达的电磁辐射原理和特点进行分析,并对实际建成运行的雷达进行详细的地面、高程断面测试,依据实际测试的数据结果,分析论证新型多普勒气象雷达的电磁辐射影响大小、范围及影响水平。     

反演同化技术在激光雷达中的应用研究

为增强模式预报准确性,提高激光雷达数据在化学模式中的应用水平,建立激光雷达同化系统,将激光雷达数据引入模式,利用WRF-Chem模拟2016年12月6日～10日一次污染过程,将激光雷达监测的气溶胶光学深度(AOD)反演成近地面PM2.5浓度,通过三维变分同化技术订正模式原始场,调整模式预报结果.实验对比发现,反演同化后...     

USE OF RADAR TO DERWE A STORM INTENSITY-DURATION CURVE1

ABSTRACT: Rainstorms which exceed the design capacity of conveyance systems and cause extensive damage to structures and property, occur frequently in Alberta. After such a severe storm, an early and quick assessment of the storm's location and magnitude and the corresponding frequency for various duration (storm intensity-duration curve) is often required to estimate the damage. The storm intensity-duration curve is produced with information obtained from a sparse network of recording raingages, thus, creating a high degree of uncertainty in the result. Short-duration precipitation is usually quite variable in Alberta; hencea very dense network of recording precipitation stations would be required to provide precise measurements of the storm intensity-duration curve at all locations. Such a dense network does not exist in Alberta; it would be very expensive to install, maintain, and thus difficult to justify financially. One solution for obtaining a large amount of closely spaced in-intensity-duration values is to use weather radar. Using weather radar data, intensity-duration curves could be produced routinely for any set of prespecified locations. The radar data thus have the potential for facilitating the identification of the return period of rainfall events quickly, cheaply, and precisely when the long-term intensity-duration curves are available. As a pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the potential of the radar data, computer software was developed to derive from archived radar data, intensity-duration values for up to a 2,500 2 area for a given storm.