天池风景资源开发过程中的环境预警评价

在天池风景名胜区专家咨询和环境质量综合分析的基础上,对天池风景名胜区旅游资源的开发活动进行了预警评价,提出了天池风景名胜区风景资源开发的保护对策,为天池景区的环境管理工作提供了依据。     

新疆天池景区开发空气影响及对策

针对天池景区现有空气环境状况和潜在影响及其进行分析和预测,提出了相应的保护和削减措施,为天池景区的环境管理工作提供依据。     

岩溶农业区地下河流域硝酸盐污染来源——以重庆青木关岩溶区为例

于2010年6月—10月每月对青木关地下河水进行监测,利用15N同位素技术并结合水化学指标,分析地下河的水化学特征以及硝态氮来源的时空变化特征。结果表明,地下河出口丁家龙洞硝态氮质量浓度（5.08 mg/L）比入口天池2号点（0.842 mg/L）高6倍多。天池2号点处δ15N为-0.705%~+0.706%,主要受到人造化肥和天然土壤矿化的有机氮的影响,总体变化幅度不大,地下水受外界影响较小。出口丁家龙洞处的δ15N为-2.15%~+3.78%,平均值为+1.01%,总体值高,且变化幅度大。     

子午岭林区社会,生态效益浅析

简述了子午岭林区自然概况, 现状及其对庆阳地区生态和社会影响。     

资源开发项目“三大效益”的统一协调分析

通过天池风景资源开发项目经济效益,社会效益和生态环境效益“三大效益”的统一协调分析,评述了不同开发阶段名效益因子无量纳值的动态变化情况,并从“三大效益”统一协调的定量评价角度,对项目的总体取舍与环保对策提出了明确的结论。为资源开发项目“三大效益”的量化评价提供了一种实用的方法。     

灰色聚类法用于水质富营养化评价的尝试

影响水质富营养化的因素很多,通过实测只能了解和掌握某种因素的含量,但这些因素间的相互影响却不易掌握。水质富营养化评价中,既有明确的信息,又有不明确的信息,灰色因素起着重要作用,因此,用灰色聚类法来进行研究是合适的,为此,本文用巢湖、新疆天池、杭州西湖为实例进行尝试。     

基于灰色关联和系统聚类的大连市环境质量影响因素分析

采用灰色关联度和系统聚类分析方法,定量分析大连市社会、经济、自然、人口、能源资源和污染排放等有代表性的指标与生态环境质量的关联程度。结果表明,大连市社会经济发展与环境质量关联度为中等,经济指标与环境质量指标关联度较强,社会、人口、污染排放指标关联度中等,能源和自然指标关联度较弱。金普新区、甘井子区和长兴岛是潜在环境风险区域,需要重点关注环境质量变化趋势。普兰店区、瓦房店市和庄河市虽然属于低排放区域,但环境质量风险相对较大,应进一步加强环境风险管控。     

人和自然的协调发展就是可持续发展

恩格斯是自然辩证法的奠基者,突出强调了人对自然的能运输 人与自然的协调发展,人与自然之间是一种对立统一的辩证关系,人类社会发展的历史事实是：人类一方面由于正确地认识了自然界及其规律并以此来指导人们的实践,取得了改造的胜利,消解了人和自然的对立;另一方面,由于人们没有按照自然规律办事,造成了自然环境的破坏,使自然环境向着不利于人类生存和发展的方向演进,从而激化了人和自然的对立,加剧了人和自然的矛盾     

黄河内蒙古乌海段水环境保护与污染防治研究

本文主要分析了黄河内蒙古乌海段水质特征、水环境及水资源污染现状和水污染预测,根据乌海市的自然、社会、环境特点,借鉴国内外流域水环境控制经验,提出了水污染防治措施及防治前景预测,为黄河内蒙古乌海段流域水生态环境保护和经济可持续发展提供参考。     

阿图什市"十五"期间土地利用变化及分析

利用2001-2005年的遥感影像数据(覆盖范围主要是克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州行政辖区内的阿图什市),通过统计2001-2005 年土地利用数据,分析了该市近五年土地利用/覆盖的时空变化规律,并进而探究了导致该变化发生的自然、人文驱动因素.结果表明:在2001-2005年,该区域林地和草地面积增加,耕地面积减少,土地沙化和盐碱化现象得到遏制.探其原因主要是由社会、经济等人文因素造成,而包括气候波动在内的自然条件只是土地利用变化的背景条件.     

A study on the determination of the natural park’s sustainable tourism potential

The surface site of Yesilyuva Nature Park encompasses natural, social, economic, and cultural characteristics and has become a marker of the region’s natural and cultural heritage. To support the preservation of this site, promotional activities should be planned. In this study, because of tourism and related opinions of residents and visitors alike in terms of their natural determination, an important cultural and historical feature is aimed at evaluating the tourism potential of Yesilyuva Nature Park. This framework is designed to establish prospective tourism sustainability. As a result, Yesilyuva Nature Park’s natural and cultural properties have been determined to be suitable for sustainable tourism activities using geographic information systems (GIS). This protection in the field, which balances sustainability and landscape design, will provide for the development of tourism activities. In the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis and survey, residents and visitors reported that the most important feature of the Yesilyuva Nature Park was its natural beauty. Visitors often come to observe traditional and natural life and to engage in tourism activities. All the data, which includes maps derived from GIS, represents landscape planning for sustainable tourism areas in Yesilyuva Nature Park.     

Biodiversity and Saving the Earth

The challenges for reversing course in our stewardship of the earth's ecosystems has never been greater. Biodiversity is in decline on an unprecedented scale and it is tempting to use this as an indicator of the health of the earth's ecosystems. In fact it is one of a number of indicators that collectively provides information on trends in the condition of ecosystems. But the larger problem is the lack of integration between the social and natural sciences. Mainstream scientists continue to reject the notion that solving environmental problems requires an integration of values and processes. A conceptual model shows how these facets may be brought together. A holistic vision requires the integration of natural, social and health sciences. From this perspective the linkage between biodiversity, ecosystem resilience and management options is more clearly articulated.     

塔里木油气资源开发的环境影响分析

塔里木石油资源的开发极大地促进了南疆地区社会和经济的发展。但同时也对开发区自然环境造成了一定的影响。深入全面地分析这些影响，制定预防措施，防止由此而引起的生态环境的进一步恶化，这对保障国民经济高速、持续、稳定发展，有着十分重要的意义。     

Estimating the importance of natural and anthropogenic sources on N and P emission to estuaries along the Ceará State Coast NE Brazil

The Northeastern semi-arid Brazilian region is experiencing rapid social and economic development based on improving water management and even in areas of low human occupation, anthropogenic emissions of N and P surpass natural emissions in at least one order of magnitude and these additional loads can alter the water quality of the receiving estuaries. This study estimates, using an emission factor approach, the annual emissions of N and P from natural processes and anthropogenic sources for estuaries along the Ceará State, NE Brazil. Emission factors from natural sources are one to two orders of magnitude lower than those for anthropogenic sources. Among the anthropogenic activities, the aquaculture is responsible for most N emission (0.52 t km⁻² year⁻¹) followed by waste water and husbandry. For P, the largest average emission factors are from husbandry (0.30 t km⁻² year⁻¹), waste water and agriculture.     

A framework for combining social impact assessment and risk assessment

An increasing focus on integrative approaches is one of the current trends in impact assessment. There is potential to combine impact assessment with various other forms of assessment, such as risk assessment, to make impact assessment and the management of social risks more effective. We identify the common features of social impact assessment (SIA) and social risk assessment (SRA), and discuss the merits of a combined approach. A hybrid model combining SIA and SRA to form a new approach called, ‘risk and social impact assessment’ (RSIA) is introduced. RSIA expands the capacity of SIA to evaluate and manage the social impacts of risky projects such as nuclear energy as well as natural hazards and disasters such as droughts and floods. We outline the three stages of RSIA, namely: impact identification, impact assessment, and impact management.     

典型水源地地下水污染风险评价

地下水污染是由含水层本身的脆弱性与人类活动产生的污染负荷造成的。污染物的荷载可以控制或改变,但是含水层的敏感性是本质的、天然的特性。污染风险不仅取决于相对稳定、不宜改变的含水层天然特征,还取决于主观的污染活动。因此,从地下水天然防污性能、地下水污染源荷载以及地下水社会效益3个方面评价了典型水源地地下水受污染的风险。     

Application of fuzzy sets and cognitive maps to incorporate social science scenarios in integrated assessment modelsA case study of urbanization in Ujung Pandang, Indonesia

Decision–support systems in the field of integrated water management could benefit considerably from social science knowledge, as many environmental changes are human-induced. Unfortunately the adequate incorporation of qualitative social science concepts in a quantitative modeling framework is not straightforward. The applicability of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy cognitive maps for the integration of qualitative scenarios in a decision–support system was examined for the urbanization of the coastal city of Ujung Pandang, Indonesia. The results indicate that both techniques are useful tools for the design of integrated models based on a combination of concepts from the natural and social sciences. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A research framework for studying social impacts: Application to the field of mining

Given the growing amount of attention shown to the social dimension of natural resources and mining governance, there is a need for more informed research-oriented approaches to studying social impacts. This article analyzes the features of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) studies from the academic research perspective and presents a framework for social impact research. By academic research, the article refers to studies on social impacts conducted purely for research purposes, not impact assessment processes.Research is always one aspect of the SIA process. At the same time, there is a lack of general methodological literature offering guidance on how assessing social impacts can contribute to social studies research. The guiding documents on SIA are largely intended for practical-level planning and management processes, which limits their applicability for academic purposes. The proposed framework draws both from traditional social science methods and existing scholarly and guiding literature on SIA. The research framework consists of four interlinked phases: 1) research preparations, 2) background studies (including proposed project, national and local context), 3) fieldwork, and 4) analysis. The framework is designed to direct attention to the relevant aspects of research methods, theory building, fieldwork implementation, and research choices for data analysis. Thus, the framework provides a flexible, but comprehensive, multi-level approach for examining social impacts, which can be adapted for a wide range of social-scientific mining research. The analysis and developed framework will help academic researchers better study the social impacts of mining and make better use of existing SIA studies in academic life.