Demographic similarity to the work group: A longitudinal study of managers at the early career stage

A sample of 141 Canadian business school graduates responded to questionnaires at 3, 9 and 14 months after beginning full-time jobs. Their job experiences including challenge, work group fit, supervisor support, and mentorship were measured along with organizational commitment, turnover, and promotion. There was little evidence of treatment discrimination against the female and minority members of the sample. However, dissimilarity to one's work group in terms of age, education, and lifestyle meant lower job challenge and poorer work group fit. In contrast, being dissimilar in terms of gender meant greater challenge, and, if the manager was male, greater likelihood of promotion. Being dissimilar in terms of culture was not associated with any of the job experiences. Relationships between the early experiences and organizational commitment were strongest for those who were most dissimilar in terms of gender, whereas relationships between the experiences and turnover were strongest for those who were most dissimilar in terms of age, education, and lifestyle.     

林业安全生产工作改革20年回顾

1　概　述　　林业安全生产是关系到国家和林业职工生命财产安全和林区社会稳定的大事 ,是保护和发展生产力 ,保证林业经济建设稳步发展的基本条件。　　林业产业是我国国民经济体系中一个重要的基础产业部门。统计资料表明 ,1998年林业拥有国有工业企业 4 977家 ,国企职工总数达 119.16万人 ,其中木材采运企业 132 8家 ,职工为 86.2 3万人 ,占职工总人数的 72 .4 % ,其他为木材加工 (包括三板生产 )、林产化学工业、机械制造及修理、电力和建筑等企业。　　 1978年我国实行改革开放政策以后 ,林业经济建设步伐加快 ,与此同时 ,为了给林业生…     

Changing careers: the effects of social context

This paper investigates the social context in which career decisions are made. Results show that beyond individual‐level factors such as demographics and work history, individuals' decisions to change careers are socially embedded. Findings suggest that the greater the diversity of an individual's network of advisors, the greater the likelihood that an individual will change careers. In addition, this paper explores the mechanisms through which different subsets of advice relationships — instrumental versus psychosocial — affect the decision to change careers. Results show that the greater the diversity of an individual's set of instrumental relations, the greater the number of offers he or she receives during the job search process and, further, that the number of offers received is positively related to the likelihood of changing careers. The diversity of an individual's set of psychosocial relations was related to his or her confidence to overcome career obstacles. However, confidence was not, in turn, related to career change, counter to expectations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

谈工伤职工的合法权益

就国家有关法律、劳动法规及劳动规章 ,阐述了工伤的保险待遇、工伤认定、工伤评残的合法权益及工伤保险待遇的请求与给付     

好雨知时节当春乃发生--安全生产工作三年来的思考

1998年7月,根据国务院的决定,劳动与社会保障部将劳动保护工作的职能划归国家经贸委,在国家经贸委内设安全生产局,综合监督管理全国安全生产工作。2000年7月,为了控制煤矿重特大事故频频发生的势头,组建了国家煤矿安全监察局。2001年月,鉴于全国安全生产形势严峻,又成立了国家安全生产监督管理局,直属国家经贸委,与国家煤监局一个机构,两块牌子,两种体制,统一领导,由此形成了当前的安全生产监察管理格局。在不到3年的时间,我国安全生产监察管理的体制已变化了3次,迄今还有一些省和大量的省以下的安全生产监察管理机构尚未正…     

安全分级评价在工伤保险中的应用研究

为了完善工伤保险费率制度,增强其科学性与合理性,将模糊综合评价法应用于安全分级评价,并以此指导保险费率的制定。阐述了安全评价指标权重的确定方法,选用层次分析法构建安全评价指标权重模型,选用模糊评判法构建安全分级评价模型,得出了工程项目安全分级评价等级确定方法。以我国某山区高速公路第二施工现场为例,按照安全分级评价状况确定其工伤保险费率水平。最后分析了安全分级评价对保险费率制定的指导作用。     

Constellations and careers: toward understanding the effects of multiple developmental relationships

This paper examines the effects of individuals' primary and multiple developmental relationships in a longitudinal study of the careers of lawyers. By juxtaposing the effects of the primary developmental relationship with those of individuals' sets or ‘constellations’ of developmental relationships, the present study lends insight into if and when these two perspectives on mentoring yield different results regarding the effects of mentoring on protégé career outcomes. The findings from the present study show that while the quality of one's primary developer affects short‐term career outcomes such as work satisfaction and intentions to remain with one's firm, it is the composition and quality of an individual's entire constellation of developmental relationships that account for long‐run protégé career outcomes such as organizational retention and promotion. Further, results from the present study provide evidence that the constellation perspective explains greater variance with respect to protégé career outcomes than does the primary or more traditional perspective on mentoring. Implications for research on mentoring, developmental relationships, and careers are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Attachment behavior and health: relationships at work and home

This article examines the relationships between interpersonal attachment orientations, health, and social support. Four hypotheses specified relationships between three interpersonal attachment orientations (interdependent, counterdependent, and overdependent), physical and psychological symptoms, and social support. Data were collected from 297 students, the majority of whom were also full-time employees. An interdependent orientation was negatively related to social dysfunction. Counterdependent and overdependent orientations were negatively related to health. A counterdependent orientation was negatively related to social support, while an overdependent orientation was positively related to social support from co-workers and family. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

谈谈苯作业场所的综合防护措施

提出了苯作业场所中的几点防护措施。     

《安全生产法》颁布两年来安全科技的发展

《安全生产法》的实施是我国法制建设中的一件大事,是全面加强安全生产监督管理工作的一个重要里程碑,也为搞好安全生产科技事业的发展提供了强大的动力。     

Sex segregation of work in Finland and the quality of women's work

The Finnish labor market is sharply segregated by sex. This is a statistically well-documented fact and holds true for all Western European market economies. The aim of this article was to find out whether women profit (regarding the quality of their work) from performing the same sort of work as men. The qualitative aspects of work were the following: autonomy at work; lack of routinization of work; the compulsory rhythm of work; and the demands for social skills. We also analyzed monthly pay and its variation according to functional segregation of work. The empirical data came from the Finnish Study on Working Conditions (1984) which is a representative sample of the Finnish wage-earning population with 4502 persons of whom 48 per cent were women and 52 per cent men. Our results indicate that women often profit from the fact that they perform the same sort of work as men. This profit was more apparent for white-collar than for blue-collar women. For men the effects of segregation on job characteristics were the opposite. They often profit from sex segregated work. Social status played a major role regarding the qualitative aspects of work.     

Occupational health and safety in the framework of corporate social responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been defined as the voluntary integration of social and environmental concerns into the firm’s decision-making. The search for a good Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) environment and the promotion of a culture of risk prevention are two of the firm’s main social responsibilities, and consequently an integral part of CSR. This paper discusses how the growing interest in corporate social responsibility can contribute to improving the implementation of adequate systems of prevention. For this purpose, we study to what extent OHS issues are present in the field of CSR, and consequently determine which aspects have received the most attention, and which are less well developed; we offer some proposals as well. The methodology followed is a content analysis of the main international CSR management tools.     

工作中的健康与生命：人人享有的一项基本人权

我们正在讨论谁的安全、健康和生命？ 是你的……,是我的…… 是每个劳动者的! 当涉及这一切的时候．我们怎么能袖手旁观呢？     

安全文化在安全生产工作中的作用

文章探讨了安全文化投入到安全生产领域的过程,叙述了对安全文化的认识及其工作的发挥和开展的保证。     

The differential effect of organizational induction process on early work role adjustment

Early work role adjustment is hypothesized to be a function of previous work experiences, early organizational experiences, and personality differences. Formal collective induction into an organization was compared with informal individual induction. Induction mode was the dominant variable which predicted adjustment four months after employment. Formal collective induction contributed to higher job satisfaction and lower work/family conflict. The mode of induction did not affect team cohesion, role conflict, role ambiguity, or perceived worker influence in the workplace. Self-monitoring, a personality variable, contributed to the prediction of work/family conflict. Inducation mode did not interact with other independent variables in predicting job satisfaction or work/family conflict.     

让安全成为习惯

一年一度的全国“安全生产月”到来了。各级政府和广大企业正在紧锣密鼓地开展“安全生产月”的各项活动:“安全发展、国泰民安”的横幅、标语、彩旗、招贴画迎风招展;演讲、竞赛、签名、“万里行”轰轰烈烈;安全检查层层推行。人力、物力、时间的花费是巨大的。其实,这一切只为培养我们的一个最基本的行为和思维习惯:安全。安全是每个人最基本的生存需要;安全是企业存在的基础;安全是国家经济发展的保障;安全是执政为民、以人为本的根基。因为安全,才能发展;因为发展,才能国泰;因为国泰,才能民安。其实,这个基本的道理我们都懂,但我们还需…     

坚持安全发展狠抓工作落实坚决遏制重特大事故推动安全生产状况稳定好转

一、2005年安全生产工作取得了进展 党和国家高度重视安全生产工作。党的十六届五中全会确立了“安全发展”的指导原则,提出了“十一五”时期安全生产的奋斗目标、主要任务和政策措施。胡锦涛总书记、温家宝总理、黄菊副总理等中央领导同志多次作出重要指示。2005年国务院召开6次常务会议研究安全生产问题,出台了《国务院关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》（以下简称《特别规定》）和《国务院办公厅关于坚决整顿关闭不具备安全生产条件和非法煤矿的紧急通知》（以下简称《紧急通知》）等重要文件;安排30亿元国债资金支持国有重点煤矿治理隐患。全国人大常委会组织开展了以煤矿安全为重点的“安全生产法》执法检查。中纪委、监察部牵头,对国家机关工作人员和国有企业负责人入股煤矿问题进行了清理纠正。所有这些,都有力地推动了安全生产工作。     

Freight transport and non-driving work duties as predictors of falling asleep at the wheel in urban areas of Crete

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impact of subjective reports of drowsy driving and non-driving duties on the falling asleep responses and road crash involvement of professional drivers in Crete. An attempt was also made to elucidate other driving parameters, such as freight transportation, which could be potential predictors of risky driving, after controlling for lifestyle patterns. METHOD: A sample of 317 professional drivers was studied through personal interviews. The interview questionnaire included items about sleep and fatigue as contributing factors to falling asleep probability and crash risk. In addition, the drivers reported the type of freight they carried in their last trip, as well as practices such as smoking and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: The first logistic regression analysis showed that the most significant predictors of falling asleep at the wheel were transportation of fruits/vegetables and livestock, non-driving hours of work, insufficient hours of sleep, and smoking. The second logistic regression analysis revealed all the previous items as powerful factors of crash probability, including the transportation of express freight and freezer. IMPACT: The findings of the current study are discussed as they pertain to directions for future studies and for the development of fatigue countermeasures.     

Emergency room evidence on the role of alcohol intoxication in injury at work in the U.S.

Alcohol is a known risk factor for many kinds of injuries, but past research has failed to implicate alcohol intoxication as a major cause of work injuries in the U.S. Local and regional studies have indicated that alcohol-related injuries are relatively less common in work settings than non-work settings. In a six-month study, the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System collected the first national sample data on alcohol and injuries presenting to hospital emergency rooms. The study included both work injuries and product-related non-work injuries. Alcohol intoxication was ascertained by emergency room chart review. Alcohol involvement was much lower than in other studies, probably because of poor sensitivity in ascertainment, and it was 10 times lower among work injuries than non-work injuries. “Non-work activities at the time of injury” were a significant risk factor for alcohol-related injuries (odds ratio = 7). Thus, results of this national study are consistent with previous research in finding that alcohol poses a greater risk for nonwork injury than for work injury.     

石油企业HSE管理文化建设实践

HSE管理体系在石油企业得到广泛推广和应用,对企业加强安全和环保管理起到了很好的作用。但由于中国石油企业的HSE管理与国外石油企业的发展经历不同,文化建设上必然存在差异。如何实现与国际石油界HSE管理的接轨,建立企业HSE文化,是当前石油企业国际化发展的一个重要课题。本文从石油企业建立HSE管理体系的探索和实践出发,提出了对HSE管理文化建设的思考,对企业加强制度管理、抓住HSE管理体系重点和把握HSE文化建设方向,有很好的指导作用。