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1.
Strain DNS10 was isolated from the black soil collected from the northeast of China which had been cultivated with atrazine as the sole nitrogen source. Pennisetum is a common plant in Heilongjiang Province of China. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of plant–microbe joint interactions (Arthrobacter sp. DNS10 + Pennisetum) in atrazine degradation compared with single-strain and single-plant effects. Plant–microbe joint interactions degraded 98.10 % of the atrazine, while single strain and single plant only degraded 87.38 and 66.71 % after a 30-day experimental period, respectively. The results indicated that plant–microbe joint interactions had a better degradation effect. Meanwhile, we found that plant–microbe joint interactions showed a higher microbial diversity. The results of microbial diversity illustrated that the positive effects of cropping could improve soil microbial growth and activity. In addition, we planted atrazine-sensitive plants (soybean) in the soil after repair. The results showed that soybean growth in soil previously treated with the plant–microbe joint interactions treatment was better compared with other treatments after 20 days of growth. This was further proved that the soil is more conducive for crop cultivation. Hence, plant–microbe joint interactions are considered to be a potential tool in the remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil. 相似文献
2.
Ezio Ranieri Umberto Fratino Andrea Petrella Vincenzo Torretta Elena Cristina Rada 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(16):15983-15989
The comparative effectiveness for hexavalent chromium removal from irrigation water, using two selected plant species (Phragmites australis and Ailanthus altissima) planted in soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium, has been studied in the present work. Total chromium removal from water was ranging from 55 % (Phragmites) to 61 % (Ailanthus). After 360 days, the contaminated soil dropped from 70 (initial) to 36 and 41 mg Cr/kg (dry soil), for Phragmites and Ailanthus, respectively. Phragmites accumulated the highest amount of chromium in the roots (1910 mg Cr/kg(dry tissue)), compared with 358 mg Cr/kg(dry tissue) for Ailanthus roots. Most of chromium was found in trivalent form in all plant tissues. Ailanthus had the lowest affinity for CrVI reduction in the root tissues. Phragmites indicated the highest chromium translocation potential, from roots to stems. Both plant species showed good potentialities to be used in phytoremediation installations for chromium removal. 相似文献
3.
Zhou ZF Zheng YM Shen JP Zhang LM He JZ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(9):1644-1652
Purpose
Denitrification is an important biochemical process in global nitrogen cycle, with a potent greenhouse gas product N2O. Wastewater irrigation can result in the changes of soil properties and microbial communities of agricultural soils. The purpose of this study was to examine how the soil denitrification genes responded to different irrigation regimes. 相似文献4.
Michael Méndez Priscilla Obando Margaret Pinnock-Branford Clemens Ruepert Luisa E. Castillo Freylan Mena Gilbert Alvarado 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21238-21248
Declines of amphibian populations have been a worldwide issue of concern for the scientific community during the last several decades. Efforts are being carried out to elucidate factors related to this phenomenon. Among these factors, pathogens, climate change, and environmental pollution have been suggested as possible causes. Regarding environmental pollutants, some pesticides are persistent in the environment and capable of being transported long distances from their release point. In Costa Rica, some pesticides have been detected in protected areas, at locations where amphibian populations have declined. Information about toxicity of pesticides used in Costa Rican agriculture to amphibians is still scarce, particularly for native species.Toxicity tests with chlorothalonil, a fungicide intensively used in Costa Rica, were carried out exposing tadpoles of three Costa Rican native species: Agalychnis callidryas, Isthmohyla pseudopuma, and Smilisca baudinii in order to evaluate acute and chronic toxicity as well as the biomarkers cholinesterase activity (ChE), glutathione-S transferase activity (GST), and lipid peroxidation (LPO).96-h LC50: 26.6 (18.9–35.8) μg/L to A. callidryas, 25.5 (21.3–29.7) μg/L to I pseudopuma and 32.3 (26.3–39.7) μg/L to S. baudinii were determined for chlorothalonil. These three species of anurans are among the most sensitive to chlorothalonil according to the literature. Besides, GST was induced in S. baudinii after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorothalonil while evisceration occurred in S. baudinii and A. callidryas tadpoles exposed to lethal concentrations of the fungicide. Chronic exposure to sub-lethal concentrations accelerated development in S. baudinii and caused lesions in tail of S. baudinii and I. pseudopuma tadpoles. Our results demonstrate that chlorothalonil is highly toxic to native amphibian species and that low concentrations can cause biochemical responses related to phase II of biotransformation and effects on development. 相似文献
5.
Radek Zouzelka Pavlina Cihakova Jana Rihova Ambrozova Jiri Rathousky 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(9):8317-8326
Despite the extensive research, the mechanism of the antimicrobial and biocidal performance of silver nanoparticles has not been unequivocally elucidated yet. Our study was aimed at the investigation of the ability of silver nanoparticles to suppress the growth of three types of algae colonizing the wetted surfaces or submerged objects and the mechanism of their action. Silver nanoparticles exhibited a substantial toxicity towards Chlorococcales Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris, and filamentous algae Klebsormidium sp., which correlated with their particle size. The particles had very good stability against agglomeration even in the presence of multivalent cations. The concentration of silver ions in equilibrium with nanoparticles markedly depended on the particle size, achieving about 6 % and as low as about 0.1 % or even less for the particles 5 nm in size and for larger ones (40–70 nm), respectively. Even very limited proportion of small particles together with larger ones could substantially increase concentration of Ag ions in solution. The highest toxicity was found for the 5-nm-sized particles, being the smallest ones in this study. Their toxicity was even higher than that of silver ions at the same silver concentration. When compared as a function of the Ag+ concentration in equilibrium with 5-nm particles, the toxicity of ions was at least 17 times higher than that obtained by dissolving silver nitrite (if not taking into account the effect of nanoparticles themselves). The mechanism of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles was found complex with an important role played by the adsorption of silver nanoparticles and the ions released from the particles on the cell surface. This mechanism could be described as some sort of synergy between nanoparticles and ions. While our study clearly showed the presence of this synergy, its detailed explanation is experimentally highly demanding, requiring a close cooperation between materials scientists, physical chemists, and biologists. 相似文献
6.
Paz-Alberto AM Sigua GC Baui BG Prudente JA 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):498-504
Background, Aims and Scope The global problem concerning contamination of the environment as a consequence of human activities is increasing. Most of
the environmental contaminants are chemical by-products and heavy metals such as lead (Pb). Lead released into the environment
makes its way into the air, soil and water. Lead contributes to a variety of health effects such as decline in mental, cognitive
and physical health of the individual. An alternative way of reducing Pb concentration from the soil is through phytoremediation.
Phytoremediation is an alternative method that uses plants to clean up a contaminated area. The objectives of this study were:
(1) to determine the survival rate and vegetative characteristics of three grass species such as vetivergrass, cogongrass
and carabaograss grown in soils with different Pb levels; and (2) to determine and compare the ability of the three grass
species as potential phytoremediators in terms of Pb accumulation by plants.
Methods The three test plants: vetivergrass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.); cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.); and carabaograss (Paspalum conjugatum L.) were grown in individual plastic bags containing soils with 75 mg kg−1 (37.5 kg ha−1) and 150 mg kg−1 (75 kg ha−1) of Pb, respectively. The Pb contents of the test plants and the soil were analyzed before and after experimental treatments
using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. This study was laid out following a 3 × 2 factorial experiment in a completely
randomized design.
Results On the vegetative characteristics of the test plants, vetivergrass registered the highest whole plant dry matter weight (33.85–39.39
Mg ha−1). Carabaograss had the lowest herbage mass production of 4.12 Mg ha−1 and 5.72 Mg ha−1 from soils added with 75 and 150 mg Pb kg−1, respectively. Vetivergrass also had the highest percent plant survival which meant it best tolerated the Pb contamination
in soils. Vetivergrass registered the highest rate of Pb absorption (10.16 ± 2.81 mg kg−1). This was followed by cogongrass (2.34 ± 0.52 mg kg−1) and carabaograss with a mean Pb level of 0.49 ± 0.56 mg kg−1. Levels of Pb among the three grasses (shoots + roots) did not vary significantly with the amount of Pb added (75 and 150
mg kg−1) to the soil.
Discussion Vetivergrass yielded the highest biomass; it also has the greatest amount of Pb absorbed (roots + shoots). This can be attributed
to the highly extensive root system of vetivergrass with the presence of an enormous amount of root hairs. Extensive root
system denotes more contact to nutrients in soils, therefore more likelihood of nutrient absorption and Pb uptake. The efficiency
of plants as phytoremediators could be correlated with the plants’ total biomass. This implies that the higher the biomass,
the greater the Pb uptake. Plants characteristically exhibit remarkable capacity to absorb what they need and exclude what
they do not need. Some plants utilize exclusion mechanisms, where there is a reduced uptake by the roots or a restricted transport
of the metals from root to shoots. Combination of high metal accumulation and high biomass production results in the most
metal removal from the soil.
Conclusions The present study indicated that vetivergrass possessed many beneficial characteristics to uptake Pb from contaminated soil.
It was the most tolerant and could grow in soil contaminated with high Pb concentration. Cogongrass and carabaograss are also
potential phytoremediators since they can absorb small amount of Pb in soils, although cogongrass is more tolerant to Pb-contaminated
soil compared with carabaograss. The important implication of our findings is that vetivergrass can be used for phytoextraction
on sites contaminated with high levels of heavy metals; particularly Pb.
Recommendations and Perspectives High levels of Pb in localized areas are still a concern especially in urban areas with high levels of traffic, near Pb smelters,
battery plants, or industrial facilities that burn fuel ending up in water and soils. The grasses used in the study, and particularly
vetivergrass, can be used to phytoremediate urban soil with various contaminations by planting these grasses in lawns and
public parks.
ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Willie Peijnenburg (wjgm.peijnenburg@rivm.nl) 相似文献
7.
Carsten Albrecht Brühl Bernd Guckenmus Markus Ebeling Ralf Barfknecht 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(1):31-37
Background, aim and scope
Seed treatments are widely used on cereals and other annual crops throughout Europe. Most of the formulated pesticide is found on the outside of the seed, the husk. Risk assessments of seed treatments are especially needed for granivorous mice living in the agricultural landscape e.g. for registration using the guidance for risk assessment for birds and mammals (EFSA 2009). The dehusking of seeds before consumption is a known behaviour of these mammals, but so far, no quantitative data on the reduction of exposure of seed treatments by dehusking were published. Therefore, we aimed at providing a first quantitative estimate of this behaviour-related exposure reduction for the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) with different seed types. 相似文献8.
Little EE Calfee RD Theodorakos P Brown ZA Johnson CA 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(5):333-337
Background Cobalt cyanide complexes often result when ore is treated with cyanide solutions to extract gold and other metals. These have
recently been discovered in low but significant concentrations in effluents from gold leach operations. This study was conducted
to determine the potential toxicity of cobalt-cyanide complexes to freshwater organisms and the extent to which ultraviolet
radiation (UV) potentiates this toxicity. Tests were also conducted to determine if humic acids or if adaptation to UV influenced
sensitivity to the cyanide complexes.
Methods Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Daphnia magna, and Ceriodaphnia dubia were exposed to potassium hexacyanocobaltate in the presence and absence of UV radiation, in the presence and absence of
humic acids. Cyano-cobalt exposures were also conducted with C. dubia from cultures adapted to elevated UV.
Results With an LC50 concentration of 0.38 mg/L, cyanocobalt was over a 1000 times more toxic to rainbow trout in the presence of
UV at a low, environmentally relevant irradiance level (4 μW/cm2 as UVB) than exposure to this compound in the absence of UV with an LC50 of 112.9 mg/L. Toxicity was immediately apparent,
with mortality occurring within an hour of the onset of exposure at the highest concentration. Fish were unaffected by exposure
to UV alone. Weak-acid dissociable cyanide concentrations were observed in irradiated aqueous solutions of cyanocobaltate
within hours of UV exposure and persisted in the presence of UV for at least 96 hours, whereas negligible concentrations were
observed in the absence of UV. The presence of humic acids significantly diminished cyanocobalt toxicity to D. magna and reduced mortality from UV exposure. Humic acids did not significantly influence survival among C. dubia. C. dubia from UV-adapted populations were less sensitive to metallocyanide compounds than organisms from unadapted populations.
Conclusions The results indicate that metallocyanide complexes may pose a hazard to aquatic life through photochemically induced processes.
Factors that decrease UV exposure such as dissolved organic carbon or increased pigmentation would diminish toxicity. 相似文献
9.
Lata Kumari Dhanesh Tiwary Pradeep Kumar Mishra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(5):4054-4062
A significant proportion of xenobiotic recalcitrant azo dyes are being released in environment during carpet dyeing. The bacterial strain Stenotrophomonas sp. BHUSSp X2 was isolated from dye contaminated soil of carpet industry, Bhadohi, India. The isolated bacterial strain was identified morphologically, biochemically, and on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence. The isolate decolorized 97 % of C.I. Acid Red 1 (Acid RED G) at the concentration of 200 mg/l within 6 h under optimum static conditions (temperature ?35 °C, pH 8, and initial cell concentration 7?×?107 cell/ml). Drastic reduction in dye degradation rate was observed beyond initial dye concentration from 500 mg/l (90 %), and it reaches to 25 % at 1000 mg/l under same set of conditions. The analysis related to decolorization and degradation was done using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, HPLC, and FTIR, whereas the GC-MS technique was utilized for the identification of degradation products. Phytotoxicity analysis revealed that degradation products are less toxic as compared to the original dye. 相似文献
10.
Xiaoyan Liu Liya Cao Qian Wang Xinying Zhang Xiaoxin Hu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(23):18946-18952
Tea saponin (TS), a kind of green biosurfactant produced by plants, was added into the Cd–pyrene co-contaminated soils to evaluate its influence on phytoremediation of Cd and pyrene by Lolium multiflorum. The results showed that the accumulation of pyrene in L. multiflorum was significantly promoted by the TS. Compared with no TS treatments (PL and ML), the aboveground concentrations of pyrene in TS treatments (PLT and MLT) increased by 135 and 30%, respectively, and the underground concentrations of pyrene in TS treatments (PLT and MLT) increased by 40 and 25%. The concentrations of Cd in the aboveground and underground parts in single contaminated treatments were all significantly more than those in co-contaminated treatments, while the situation of pyrene was quite the reverse. Besides, the addition of TS enhanced activities of dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase in soils and increased the biomass of L. multiflorum. The micromorphology of L. multiflorum was not affected by TS. The study suggests that the use of L. multiflorum with TS is an alternative technology for remediation of Cd–pyrene co-contaminated soils. 相似文献
11.
Montory M Habit E Bahamonde P Fernandez P Grimalt JO Saez K Rudolph I Barra R 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(4):629-637
Purpose
This paper analyses the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in escaped: farmed and wild salmons in southern Chile, analysing their concentrations and congener profiles in two species (Oncorhynchus kisutch and Oncorhynchus mykiss). 相似文献12.
Marcel Amichot Christine Curty Olivia Benguettat-Magliano Armel Gallet Eric Wajnberg 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(4):3097-3103
Most of the detrimental effects of using conventional insecticides to control crop pests are now well identified and are nowadays major arguments for replacing such compounds by the use of biological control agents. In this respect, the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitic wasp species are both effective against lepidopterous pests and can actually be used concomitantly. In this work, we studied the potential side effects of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki on Trichogramma chilonis females. We first evidenced an acute toxicity of B. thuringiensis on T. chilonis. Then, after ingestion of B. thuringiensis at sublethal doses, we focused on life history traits of T. chilonis such as longevity, reproductive success and the time spent on host eggs patches. The reproductive success of T. chilonis was not modified by B. thuringiensis while a significant effect was observed on longevity and the time spent on host eggs patches. The physiological and ecological meanings of the results obtained are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Menetrez MY Foarde KK Webber TD Dean TR Betancourt DA 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):523-528
Goal, Scope and Background Reducing occupant exposure to indoor mold is the goal of this research, through the efficacy testing of antimicrobial cleaners.
Often mold contaminated building materials are not properly removed, but instead surface cleaners are applied in an attempt
to alleviate the problem. The efficacy of antimicrobial cleaners to remove, eliminate or control mold growth on surfaces can
easily be tested on non-porous surfaces. However, the testing of antimicrobial cleaner efficacy on porous surfaces, such as
those found in the indoor environment such as gypsum board can be more complicated and prone to incorrect conclusions regarding
residual organisms. The mold Stachybotrys chartarum has been found to be associated with idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage in infants and has been studied for toxin production
and its occurrence in water damaged buildings. Growth of S. chartarum on building materials such as gypsum wallboard has been frequently documented.
Methods Research to control S. chartarum growth using 13 separate antimicrobial cleaners on contaminated gypsum wallboard has been performed in laboratory testing.
Popular brands of cleaning products were tested by following directions printed on the product packaging.
Results A variety of gypsum wallboard surfaces were used to test these cleaning products at high relative humidity. The results indicate
differences in antimicrobial efficacy for the six month period of testing.
Discussion Results for the six types of GWB surfaces varied extensively. However, three cleaning products exhibited significantly better
results than others. Lysol All-Purpose Cleaner-Orange Breeze (full strength) demonstrated results which ranked among the best
in five of the six surfaces tested. Both Borax and Orange Glo Multipurpose Degreaser demonstrated results which ranked among
the best in four of the six surfaces tested.
Conclusions The best antimicrobial cleaner to choose is often dependent on the type of surface to be cleaned of S. chartarum contamination. For Plain GWB, no paint, the best cleaners were Borax, Lysol All-Purpose Cleaner-Orange Breeze (full strength),
Orange Glo Multipurpose Degreaser, and Fantastik Orange Action.
Recommendations and Perspectives These results are not meant to endorse the incomplete removal of mold contaminated building materials. However, it is recognized
that complete removal may not always be possible and solutions to control mold regrowth may contribute to reduced occupant
exposure. Current recommendations of removal and replacement of porous building materials should be followed.
It is not the intension of this discussion to endorse any product. Reporting on the performance of these products under the
stated conditions was and remains the only purpose.
ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Lee Young (youngrisk@bresnan.net) 相似文献
14.
Serge Michalet Soraya Rouifed Thomas Pellassa-Simon Manon Fusade-Boyer Guillaume Meiffren Sylvie Nazaret Florence Piola 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20897-20907
The expansion of invasive Japanese knotweed s.l. is of particular concern because of its aptitudes to rapidly colonize diverse environments, especially anthropized habitats generally characterized by their pollution with heavy metals. Whether the presence of heavy metals impacts the performance traits of this plant is a central question to better understand its invasive properties, though no controlled approach to assess these effects was yet reported. In this aim, we undertook greenhouse experiments where rhizome fragments of Japanese knotweed s.l. (Fallopia japonica and Fallopia × bohemica) were grown during 1 and 3 months, in a soil pot artificially polluted or not with heavy metals added in mixture (Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn). Our results showed that (i) the presence of heavy metals delayed rhizome regeneration and induced lowered plant part weights but did not affect plant height after 3 months; (ii) the effect of metals on the metabolic profiles of belowground part extracts was only detectable after 1 month and not after 3 months of growth, though it was possible to highlight the effect of metals independently of time and genotype for root extracts, and torosachrysone seemed to be the most induced compound; and (iii) the hybrid genotype tested was able to accumulate relatively high concentrations of metals, over or close to the highest reported ones for this plant for Cr, Cd and Zn, whereas Pb was not accumulated. These findings evidence that the presence of heavy metals in soil has a low impact on Fallopia sp. overall performance traits during rhizome regeneration, and has a rather stimulating effect on plant growth depending on pollution level. 相似文献
15.
This study focused on the expression analysis of antioxidant defense genes in Brassica oleracea and in Trifolium repens. Plants were exposed for 3, 10, and 56 days in microcosms to a field-collected suburban soil spiked by low concentrations of cadmium and/or lead. In both species, metal accumulations and expression levels of genes encoding proteins involved and/or related to antioxidant defense systems (glutathione transferases, peroxidases, catalases, metallothioneins) were quantified in leaves in order to better understand the detoxification processes involved following exposure to metals. It appeared that strongest gene expression variations in T. repens were observed when plants are exposed to Cd (metallothionein and ascorbate peroxidase upregulations) whereas strongest variations in B. oleracea were observed in case of Cd/Pb co-exposures (metallothionein, glutathione transferase, and peroxidase upregulations). Results also suggest that there is a benefit to use complementary species in order to better apprehend the biological effects in ecotoxicology. 相似文献
16.
Chlorpyrifos degradation by the cyanobacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Synechocystis</Emphasis> sp. strain PUPCCC 64 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh DP Khattar JI Nadda J Singh Y Garg A Kaur N Gulati A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1351-1359
Background, aim, and scope
Indiscriminate use of insecticides leads to environmental problems and poses a great threat to beneficial microorganisms. The aim of the present work was to study chlorpyrifos degradation by a rice field cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PUPCCC 64 so that the organism is able to reduce insecticide pollution in situ. 相似文献17.
Shumiao Cao Wenke Wang Fei Wang Jun Zhang Zhoufeng Wang Shenke Yang Quanhong Xue 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14898-14907
Microbe-assisted phytoremediation provides an effective approach to clean up heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, severe drought may affect the function of microbes in arid/semi-arid areas. Streptomyces pactum Act12 is a drought-tolerant soil actinomycete strain isolated from an extreme environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to assess the effect of Act12 on Cd tolerance, uptake, and accumulation in amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) under water deficit. Inoculated plants had higher Cd concentrations (root 8.7–33.9 %; shoot 53.2–102.1 %) and uptake (root 19.9–95.3 %; shoot 110.6–170.1 %) than non-inoculated controls in Cd-treated soil. The translocation factor of Cd from roots to shoots was increased by 14.2–75 % in inoculated plants, while the bioconcentration factor of Cd in roots and shoots was increased by 10.2–64.4 and 53.9–114.8 %, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with Act12 increased plant height, root length, and shoot biomass of amaranth in Cd-treated soil compared to non-inoculated controls. Physiochemical analysis revealed that Act12 enhanced Cd tolerance in the plants by increasing glutathione, elevating superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, as well as reducing malondialdehyde content in the leaves. The drought-tolerant actinomycete strain Act12 can enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of amaranth for Cd-contaminated soils under water deficit, exhibiting potential for application in arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
18.
Nazaré Couto Ana Rita Ferreira Paula Guedes Eduardo Mateus Alexandra B. Ribeiro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(36):35928-35935
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have attracted increasing concern during the last decade because of their widespread uses and continuous release to the aquatic environment. This work aimed to study the distribution of caffeine (CAF), oxybenzone (MBPh), and triclosan (TCS) when they arrive in salt marsh areas and to assess their remediation potential by two different species of salt marsh plants: Spartina maritima and Halimione portulacoides. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory either in hydroponics (sediment elutriate) or in sediment soaked in elutriate, for 10 days. Controls without plants were also carried out. CAF, MBPh, and TCS were added to the media. In unvegetated sediment soaked in elutriate, CAF was mainly in the liquid phase (83%), whereas MBPh and TCS were in the solid phase (90% and 56%, respectively); the highest remediation was achieved for TCS (40%) and mainly attributed to bioremediation. The presence of plants in sediment soaked in elutriate-enhanced PPCPs remediation, decreasing CAF and TCS levels between approximately 20-30% and MBPh by 40%.. Plant uptake, adsorption to plant roots/sediments, and bio/rhizoremediation are strong hypothesis to explain the decrease of contaminants either in water or sediment fractions, according to PPCPs characteristics. 相似文献
19.
Aquatic macrophytes play an important role in the structural and functional aspects of aquatic ecosystems by altering water
movement regimes, providing shelter to fish and aquatic invertebrates, serving as a food source, and altering water quality
by regulating oxygen balance, nutrient cycles, and accumulating heavy metals. The ability to hyperaccumulate heavy metals
makes them interesting research candidates, especially for the treatment of industrial effluents and sewage waste water. The
use of aquatic macrophytes, such as Azolla with hyper accumulating ability is known to be an environmentally friendly option to restore polluted aquatic resources.
The present review highlights the phytoaccumulation potential of macrophytes with emphasis on utilization of Azolla as a promising candidate for phytoremediation. The impact of uptake of heavy metals on morphology and metabolic processes
of Azolla has also been discussed for a better understanding and utilization of this symbiotic association in the field of phytoremediation. 相似文献
20.
Hebatalla M. Aldeyarbi Nadia M. T. Abu El-Ezz Panagiotis Karanis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(14):13811-13821
The present overview discusses the findings of cryptosporidiosis research conducted in Africa and highlights the currently available information on Cryptosporidium epidemiology, genetic diversity, and distribution on the African continent, particularly among vulnerable populations, including children. It also emphasizes the burden of cryptosporidiosis, which is underestimated due to the presence of many silent asymptomatic carriers.Cryptosporidiosis is recognized as one of the leading causes of childhood diarrhea in African countries. It has dramatic adverse effects on child growth and development and causes increased mortality on a continent where HIV, poverty, and lack of sanitation and infrastructure increase the risk of cryptosporidial waterborne infection. 相似文献