浅谈管理毒理学在化学品管理中的作用

介绍了管理毒理学在化学品管理中的作用,GHS、REACH等国际上化学品管理规定中有关毒理学要求,我国化学品管理中有关毒理学规定,提出了我国化学品管理和管理毒理学工作存在的问题和建议。     

燃煤电厂现代水务管理技术在阜新发电厂应用

叙述了燃煤电厂水务管理技术的发展,提出了燃煤电厂现代水务管理技术,分析了阜新发电厂的水务管理现状,主要分析了用排水系统和水平衡结果,同时探讨了提高阜新电厂水务管理的途径,并对应用现代水务管理技术的效益进行分析,在阜新发电厂应用现代水务管理技术是完全可行的,燃煤电厂现代水务管理技术值得推广。     

建设工程项目绿色施工管理——以噪声、粉尘、空气污染管理为例

近年来,我国致力于建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会,绿色施工管理在建设工程项目中得到了日渐广泛的应用。建设工程项目绿色施工管理对于节约施工资源,减少施工污染具有至关重要的作用。本文简述了绿色施工管理概念以及建设工程项目绿色施工管理现状,浅析了推广工程项目绿色施工管理的措施,并以噪声、粉尘以及空气污染管理为例探究了建设工程项目绿色施工管理的应用,以期为建设项目绿色施工管理提供借鉴。     

流域管理的形成、特征及发展趋势

流域管理是一门新兴学科,是以流域为尺度,统筹流域资源管理、保护和利用的管理体系,也是为实现科学、可持续发展和生态文明建设而发展出的管理科学的研究方向. 深入剖析了流域管理概念的形成与发展,总结了水资源统一管理、水质目标控制管理和综合统一管理3种管理模式的管理目标、特点和不足,并指出现代流域管理应形成流域-区域-控制单元-污染源多层次一体化的污染控制目标体系;论述了我国流域管理的实践与发展过程,结合辽河流域管理实践,阐述了未来流域管理呈现管理手段的智能化、管理方式的生态化、管理机制的一体化的发展趋势.      

探讨环境监测站LIMS系统建设及应用研究——以江阴市环境监测站为例

实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)是集任务管理、样品管理、采样管理、分析管理、报告管理、质量管理、资源管理为一体的信息化管理系统,实现监测站全方位管理,和管理部门的信息资源共享。简述了江阴市环境监测站LIMS系统的开发背景及设计框架,实现了业务全流程管理,使之适应环境监测发展的需求。此外,着重介绍了系统的基础信息管理、综合任务管理、监测计划管理、样品管理、实验室分析管理、报表管理等主要模块及其应用,以及系统建设平台特色,并提及系统建设过程中遇到的问题及建议。为今后同行业监测站LIMS的建设及应用提供借鉴。     

润滑油新加坡项目HSE管理探索

以润滑油新加坡项目HSE管理为研究对象,分析了新加坡HSE管理和国内HSE管理的不同点,确定了润滑油新加坡项目HSE管理存在难题,按照全过程、全方位、系统控制理论,提出了润滑油新加坡项目HSE管理具体措施。     

绩效管理理论在环境监测站管理实践中的应用和探索

绩效管理是人力资源管理的重要组成部分,有效的绩效管理是确保实现组织目标及员工自身发展的关键.从绩效的概念、绩效管理的概念两个方面概述了绩效管理的基本理论.从环境监测站工作的性质和质量管理的缺陷两个方面阐述了绩效管理的必要性.从绩效的计划、绩效实施的过程控制、绩效的考核与评价、绩效结果的应用与反馈四个方面阐述了监测站绩效管理的基本现状.从缺少针对于环境监测的完善的绩效管理理论和缺少有效的绩效考核标准两个方面,总结了环境监测站绩效管理实践中遇到的问题.     

正确认识可持续发展中的环境监测和环境管理的关系

摘要：本文重．董介绍了可持续发展过程中的环境监测和环境管理两项工作内容。本文通过介绍环境监测和环境管理各自的内涵及任务,对监测和管理有了进一步的认识和理解。同时,阐述了环境监测和管理的内在关系,强调了监测和管理相辅相成、密切联系。针对这种关系,提出了对待环境监测和管理的态度,也为未来工作的发展提出了进一步的建议和措施。     

局域网(LAN)技术在安全管理中的应用

通过对我国企业安全管理现状、特点和安全信息技术在我国企业应用现状的分析．提出了变事故后安全管理为事故前预测和控制的安全管理思想,并构建了适合于我国安全管理现状的基于SMIS的局域网络模型。该模型改变了我国企业安全管理信息流通不畅的局面,实现了安全管理信息流动的良性循环．能提高我国企业安全管理的水平,具有良好的应用前景。     

环保部门在新形势下人力资源管理的建议

对我国环保部门人力资源管理存在的问题进行了举例分析,并且结合西方国家事业单位的人力资源管理先进管理经验提出了适合我国环保部门的人力资源管理对策.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

Preparations of TiO2 film coated on foam nickel substrate by sol-gel processes and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of acetaldehyde

Anatase TiO2 films were successfully prepared on foam nickel substrates by sol-gel technique using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. The characteristics of the TiO2 films were investigated by XPS, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 films were investigated by photocatalytic degradation reactions of gaseous acetaldehyde, an indoor pollutant, under ultraviolet light irradiation. It was found that Ni^2＋ doping into TiO2 films due to the foam nickel substrates resulted in the extension of absorption edges of TiO2 films from UV region to visible light region. The pre-heating for foam nickel substrates resulted in the formation of NiO layer, which prevented effectively the injection of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 films to metal nickel. The TiO2 films displayed high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of acetaldehyde, and were enhanced by calcining the substrates and coating TiO2 films repeatedly. The high activity was mainly attributed to the improvement of the characteristics of substrate surface and the increase of active sites on photocatalyst.     

Biological control experiment of excess propagation of Cyclops for drinking water security

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this study, an ecological project was put forward for the excess propagation control of Cyclops by stocking the filter-feeding fishes such as silver carp and bighead carp under the condition of no extraneous nutrient feeding. The results of experiments with different stocking biomass showed that the propagation of Cyclops could be controlled effectively, and the water quality was improved simultaneously by impacting on nutriment level and plankton community structure at proper stocking density of 30 g/m^3 of water. The growth of Cyclops may not be effectually controlled with lower biomass of fish （10 g）, and the natural food chain relation may be destroyed for Cyclops dying out in water while the intense stocking of 120 g per cubic meter of water. In addition, the high predator pressure may accelerate supplemental rate of nutrients from bottom sediments to water body to add the content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in water.     

Effects of seed aerosols on the growth of secondary organic aerosols from the photooxidation of toluene

Hydroxyl radical （.OH）-initiated photooxidation reaction of toluene was carried out in a self-made smog chamber. Four individual seed aerosols such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, sodium silicate and calcium chloride, were introduced into the chamber to assess their influence on the growth of secondary organic aerosols （SOA）. It was found that the low concentration of seed aerosols might lead to high concentration of SOA particles. Seed aerosols would promote rates of SOA formation at the start of the reaction and inhibit its formation rate with prolonging the reaction time. In the case of ca. 9000 pt/cm^3 seed aerosol load, the addition of sodium silicate induced a same effect on the SOA formation as ammonium nitrate. The influence of the four individual seed aerosols on the generation of SOA decreased in the order of calcium chloride〉sodium silicate and ammonium nitrate〉ammonium sulfate.     

Reaction mode between Si and Fe and evaluation of optimal species in poly-silicic-ferric coagulant

A kind of Fe-polysilicate polymer, poly-silicic-ferric （PSF） coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization （hydroxylation of mixture of Fe^3＋ and fresh polysilicic acid （PS））, in which PSF0.5, PSF1 or PSF3 denotes Si/Fe molar ratio of 0.5, 1 or 3, respectively. The effects of Si/Fe ratio and reaction time （co-polymerization time or aging time） on the reaction mode between Si and Fe were studies, and the optimal species of PSF was evaluated by pH change during the preparation of PSF and coagulation tests. The results showed that the characteristics of PSF are largely affected by both reaction time and Si/Fe ratio. PSF is found to be a essential complex of Si, Fe, and many other ions. The reaction mode between Si and Fe differs with various Si/Fe ratios. The pH of PSF0.5, PSF1 or PSF3 tended to be stable when reaction time is 10, 25 or 55 rain, respectively, which is almost consistent with the time reaching the relative stable morphology that is just the optimal species of higher coagulation efficiency. The optimal reaction time reaching optimal species can be evaluated by measuring the pH change during the polymerization process.     

汽车排气尾流中微粒分布及其变化特性的研究

根据微粒核化、凝并及凝结模型对汽车排气尾流中微粒分布的变化特性进行了分析.结果表明,微粒的核化增加了排气尾流中超细微粒的数量;微粒的凝并和凝结将改变排气尾流中的微粒分布.在核化、凝并及凝结过程同时存在时,核化对微粒分布的影响相对较小,微粒分布的变化主要受凝并和凝结的作用.在排气管出口处,微粒的核化、凝并及凝结过程比较剧烈,微粒分布变化较大;随着距排气管出口距离的增加,微粒演变逐渐减弱.研究工作可以为汽车排放控制策略的确定以及汽车微粒对人体健康影响的研究提供依据.     

Imazaquin degradation and metabolism in a sandy loam soil amended with farm litters

Irnazaquin applied in legume crops has a long residual time in soil, which often impacts safety of the susceptible crops. To increase safety of imazaquin application, two composted litters, bovine manure （BM） and chicken manure （CM）, were used to determine their effects on imazaquin environmental behavior by incorporating each kind of manure into the tested sandy loam soil at 10% （w/w）. The degradation of imazaquin in BM- and CM-amended soil was about 2.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, faster than that in unamended soil. The half-lives of imazaquin in BM-amended soil varied between 6.7 and 15.4 d over the temperature range of 20 to 40℃, and the degradation rate constant （k） increased by a factor of about 1.5 for every 10℃ change. Higher mix ratio did not significantly increase the degradation, and the optimal active degradation of imazaquin was observed approximately at the mix ratio of 10：1 of soil to BM. The different moisture levels had negligible effect on imazaquin degradation. In both unamended and BM-amended treatments, two metabolites were observed at 5, 10 and 30 d after treatment. One metabolite at retention time （RT） of 8.4 rain was identified as 2-（4- hydroxyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl） quinoline acid, originating from the loss of isopropyl group and hydroxylation at the 4-position of imidazolinone ring. The other at RT of 12.9 rain was identified as quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, resulting from detachment of imidazolinone ring and the forming of dicarboxylic anhydride. This finding suggested that the addition of farm litters into soil might be a good management option since it can not only increase soil fertility but also contribute to increase safety of imazaquin application to the following susceptible crops.