包头市“十二五”能源现状及碳排放影响因素分析——基于灰色关联度分析法

基于能源消费规模、产业结构和能源结构,对"十二五"期间能源消费现状和包头市经济和环境之间的矛盾进行了分析。依据IPCC推荐的碳排放核算方法,对包头市"十二五"期间的碳排放量进行估算,并利用灰色关联度分析法对影响碳排放的各因素重要程度进行识别。结果表明,能源消费结构、产业结构和单位GDP能耗是包头市能源消费碳排放量的主要影响因素。由于经济结构及历史原因等的制约,包头市以煤炭为主的能源形式短期内较难改变。从优化能源结构、产业结构调整和提高能源利用率、协调经济与环境发展关系等角度探索包头市"十三五"节能减排目标的实现路径。     

江苏省钢铁产业绿色低碳技术创新发展路径

钢铁产业作为国民经济的重要基础支柱性产业和高碳排放行业,其绿色低碳转型对实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有十分重要的作用。在梳理国内外钢铁产业绿色低碳技术进展的基础上,阐述了江苏省钢铁产业绿色低碳技术发展的特点及实现“双碳”目标面临的挑战,提出了由能源结构优化、能效提升、钢化联产协同处置和低碳突破性创新等技术综合集成的绿色低碳技术创新体系发展路径。     

实施清洁能源战略,改善大气环境质量

直接燃用原煤为主的城市能源结构是造成乌鲁木齐市大气污染十分严重的最重要的因素。因此,改进城市能源结构,实施清洁能源战略是改善城市环境空气质量的最佳途径。本文从实施清洁能源战略的条件、目标、措施等方面对此进行了论述。     

江苏省环境与社会经济发展特征分析及对策

环境与社会经济发展既相互促进又相互制约,研究经济持续增长背景下的两者发展特征与关系,对于采取经济环境一体化的综合决策、促进可持续发展具有现实指导意义。利用1991—2010年江苏省社会经济、污染物排放和环境质量数据,采用相关性分析、趋势分析等方法,对江苏省主要社会经济与环境指标发展变化特征进行了系统分析。结果表明,1991—2010年间江苏省社会经济发展呈现持续增长态势,由此带来的资源能源与环境压力亦持续增加;同时,由于实施了一系列政策措施,有效减缓、控制了污染排放和环境质量恶化趋势,但仍面临环境承载能力薄弱、经济结构偏重、能源消费不合理、区域发展不均衡等影响环境与社会经济协调发展的问题。为此,提出进一步处理好经济发展、社会进步与生态环境保护关系的对策建议。     

关于新疆水泥工业可持续发展的思考

针对目前新疆水泥工业的产业结构、生产工艺和环境污染等方面存在的问题进行了全面分析,总结了问题存在的原因和关键.提出以调整水泥工业结构,提高能源利用效率,推行清洁生产为主要手段,发展新疆水泥工业可持续发展的战略.从管理角度和技术角度分别提出了配套水泥工业协调发展的管理思路和行业政策.     

阿图什市空气质量变化趋势分析

分析了阿图什市“八五”至“九五”期间空气质量监测数据不同年度、不同季节及不同污染因子的动态变化趋势．结合当地能源结构、气候特征、城市环境综合发展水平，指出影响阿图什市空气质量的主要因素，为防治和减轻阿图什市的空气污染提供了科学依据。     

2005—2020年新疆14地州市土地利用碳排放综合评价分析

选取2005—2020年6期土地利用、能源消费等数据,从碳排放经济效率、能源消费结构和碳排放承载能力3个方面构建碳排放综合评价指标体系,运用改进Topsis法对新疆14地州市碳排放进行综合评价。结果表明：2005—2020年新疆碳排放总量由2735万t增长至18499万t,在碳排放经济效率、能源消费结构和碳排放承载能力方面均有不同程度的下降或恶化;研究期间新疆14地州市中有9个城市碳排放综合评价值呈下降态势,碳排放低效型、协调型和能源结构失衡型城市数量变化不明显,碳排放压力型城市数量增加。建议从优化土地利用结构、提升碳排放经济效率、能源结构转型方面进行碳减排管理。     

奎屯市空气质量变化趋势及改善途径分析

通过对奎屯市环境空气质量监测数据的分析,显示出大气污染三项因子随年、季变化的趋势(其中20％的天数TSP超标)。结合当地的能源结构、气候特征、城市环境综合发展水平,探讨了改善奎屯市空气质量变化趋势的途径,为防治和减轻奎屯市的空气污染提供科学依据。     

低碳经济背景下克拉玛依市的发展现状分析

克拉玛依是一座典型的资源型城市,正处于工业化、城市化快速发展的阶段,能源消费和CO2排放持续增长将成为克拉玛依经济发展的硬约束。本文以2002—2013年克拉玛依市统计年鉴中的产业结构、人口、能源消费和经济数据为基础,分析了克拉玛依市的产业结构、能源消费、CO2排放情况,提出了发展低碳城市的思考。     

山东省城市化进程大气环境问题分析

进入21世纪,山东省城市化与经济一直保持高速发展,人口急剧膨胀、能源过度消耗和经济快速发展给城市环境带来持久的压力,能源资源环境矛盾日益加剧,尤其是大气环境问题越来越成为制约经济发展的瓶颈,并且随着大气环境问题的更加复杂和不确定,改善环境质量的难度加大。以山东省为例,分析了城市化进程中的大气环境问题,突出表现为城市大气环境质量改善与社会经济发展水平不相适应,城市大气环境容量限制了经济的进一步发展等。     

中国水泥行业2011—2022年二氧化碳和大气污染物排放分析

2011—2021年,熟料产量呈波动上升趋势。水泥行业整体生产运行水平不断提高,熟料单条生产线平均规模由43.8万t/条提升至115.3万t/条,熟料单位产品综合能耗下降14.4%,熟料单位产品CO₂排放强度下降6.3%,但CO₂排放总量增加了13.8%,与氮氧化物减排趋势形成较大反差,碳污治理水平差距明显。熟料生产中石灰石分解和煤炭燃烧过程的CO₂排放合计占比为92.9%~93.8%,是CO₂排放的主要来源。由于熟料系数偏高、非碳酸盐原料替代不足、综合能耗仍然较高等原因,安徽等7个熟料产量大的省份的CO₂排放强度高于全国。建议实行碳酸盐熟料产量总量控制,逐步降低熟料应用比例,加快建材市场熟料产品和非碳酸盐原料替代,降低高标号水泥使用比例。应大力推广水泥行业节能降耗增效技术,加快熟料落后产能淘汰。对熟料产量大、碳排放强度高的地区,应结合当地碳排放特点,实行差别化降碳策略。各大气污染防治重点区域应因地施策推进水泥行业减污降碳工作。     

Decomposition of energy consumption and its decoupling with economic growth in the global agricultural industry

The development of mechanization and technology has triggered the growing energy consumption in the agricultural industry. Energy saving in the agriculture industry becomes equally essential with that in the manufacturing, building, and transportation industries. The implementation of reducing energy consumption should be without costing the agricultural production, which is closely related to the food security of human beings. Strong decoupling between energy consumption and economic growth indicates the former decreases while the latter grows, which should be pursued by nations. Therefore, as the first research objective, this study analyzed the decoupling statuses between energy consumption and economic growth in the agricultural industry of 89 countries whose data exist across the period of 2000 to 2016. As a result, only 18 countries have reached strong decoupling. Secondly, this study decomposed agricultural energy consumption in the 89 countries to the effects of a driving factor (i.e., agricultural economic output) and three inhibiting factors (i.e., agricultural land, labor intensity, and energy intensity in descending order). With the identified decoupling statuses, this study provides a substantial understanding of the relationship between agricultural energy consumption and production from a global perspective. Meanwhile, the decomposed factors and corresponding policy implications provide evidence for decision makers of each nation to tailor energy-saving strategies in its agricultural industry.     

农药类建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作中的几点思考

针对农药类建设项目行业特点,梳理了在竣工验收监测应关注的重点内容包括确定验收范围、理清项目实际建设发生的变化、把握特征污染监测等,并对一些常遇到的问题提出了解决对策。     

Apportionment of Recycle to Industrial Reuser and Consumer

Reusable products (e.g., packaging) feature a finite lifetime: After a number of trips, if not discarded by the consumer, they are sent for material recycling by the industrial reuser. A method for analytical determination of recycling of no longer reusable products by the industrial reuser is proposed. Industrial reuser recycling is shown to depend nonlinearly on the lifetime and on the reuse retention factor, which is dimensionless and ranges from zero to one. As the retention factor increases, the industrial reuser becomes the main recycler, while recycling from consumer waste recovery disappears and vice versa as the ratio tends to zero. This implies that for highly reusable packaging, post-consumer collection and recycling systems may be unnecessary, and recycling should be credited to the refilling/packaging industry. The total number of reuse trips and the annual reuse frequency have no impact on the industrial reuser recycling level. The results may serve for environmental monitoring of packaging products for apportionment of recycling credit and of reuse/recycling incentives to industry and to post-consumer recycling systems and for planning and sizing of packaging waste recovery facilities (collection, transportation, separation).     

Biomonitoring of catastrophes

I have been exposed to the technical literature, attitudes, and behaviour associated with large scale potential accidents. The time seems appropriate to try to couple these matters with what we now know of bioindicator systems. There are some good case histories, for example, with respect to oil pollution events, and unplanned releases of radioactivity. In other situations there is work to be done, much of which should be commissioned by industry or government.     

《涂料、油墨及胶粘剂工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB 37824—2019)解读

简述了我国涂料、油墨及胶粘剂工业的污染排放现状与特征,对《涂料、油墨及胶粘剂工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB 37824—2019)进行了解读。该标准在我国打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划的背景下发布实施,从全过程控制的角度构建了大气污染物排放指标体系,明确了以非甲烷总烃(NMHC)和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)为综合表征,与有毒有害特征污染物协调控制的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放指标体系;提出了涂料、油墨、胶粘剂工业无组织排放控制要求和监测监控要求。指出,涂料、油墨及胶粘剂工业的VOCs控制以无组织排放为主,因此必须从源头减排入手,强化全过程控制和全生命周期控制,环境与安全协同,逐步实现行业可持续发展。     

Using E-PRTR data on point source emissions to air and water—First steps towards a national chemical footprint

There is a great need for indicators to monitor the use and potential impacts of hazardous chemicals. Today there is a huge lack of data, methods and results and method development and studies should be given urgent priority. The aim of this paper was to develop and test an approach to calculate the potential environmental impacts of chemicals for a whole country using the E-PRTR (European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register) as a database and Sweden as an example. Swedish data from 2008 on emissions to air and water for 54 substances from point sources were retrieved from an open database. The data were transformed and aggregated using USEtox, a life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method for calculating potential human toxicity and ecotoxicity, both from industrial emissions directly and after input–output analysis (IO analysis) to reallocate emissions to product categories. Zinc to air and water contributed most to human toxicity followed by mercury to air. The largest contribution by industry to potential human toxicity came from the metal industry, followed by the paper and paper product industry. For potential ecotoxicity, zinc, fluoranthene and copper contributed the most. The largest contributions by industry came from the paper and paper products manufacturing sector, followed by the basic metals manufacturing sector. The approach used here can be seen as the first step towards a chemical footprint for nations. By adding data from other countries and other sources, a more complete picture can be gained in line with other footprint calculations. Furthermore, diffuse emissions from, for example, transport or emissions of pesticides could also be added for a more holistic assessment. Since the area of chemicals is complicated, it is probably necessary to develop and use several indicators that complement each other. It is suggested that the approach outlined here could be useful in developing a method for establishing a national chemical footprint.     

对旱情的理性思考和构建新的监测、抗旱理念

对旱灾造成的损失,不能仅从农业粮食减产单方面估算,而应把旱灾造成的隐性损失科学评估出来。据此提出,抗旱要处理好农业用水、工业用水和城市用水及生态用水的关系,真正实现水资源的可持续利用,并应建立自动化的干旱监测和快速评估系统,以保证及时掌握旱情,将旱灾损失减至最小。     

Environmental sustainability of textiles and apparel: A review of evaluation methods

Environmental sustainability, which considers the tradeoff between economic productivity and environmental impact, is an important perspective in product decisions for textiles and apparel companies. Evaluating environmental sustainability for textile products has been difficult because of the complexity in the production and consumption processes. This paper provides a review of the methods that can be potentially used for measurement of environmental sustainability. These methods include the life cycle assessment, environmental footprint, eco-efficiency and Higg index. This paper reviewed the methodologies of these approaches and discussed about their limitations against the unique context of the textiles and apparel industry. We proposed a couple of directions where future research should be focused on, which may lead to ultimate solutions.     

化学药品原料药制造业自行监测技术指南设计研究

通过分析化学药品原料药制造业的基本情况、产品种类和生产工艺,以及自行监测技术指南编制的目的和基本要求,梳理出确定监测点位和对应多项污染物排放标准为目前该行业自行监测技术指南编制工作的难点。根据以上分析,提出将指南按工艺类型拆分、监测点位和废气监测指标的确定、监测频次的优化、生产记录内容的设定列为指南编制工作的重点。