Study of the severity of industrial accidents with hazardous substances by historical analysis

This paper studies the levels of risk in industrial facilities where hazardous substances are used, evaluating the influence of certain variables on the severity of the accidents that have occurred until now. It makes use of the incidents recorded in the July 2001 version of the MHIDAS database. This study reveals that accidents in developed countries are less severe than those that occur in other geographical areas. Also, it establishes the influence on the severity (number of fatalities) of this kind of incident of certain factors: the type of incident and the type and amount of substance involved. Lastly, the extent to which current facilities comply to the risk tolerance criteria in various countries is evaluated with regards to incidents involving explosions.     

Carbon dioxide pipelines: A statistical analysis of historical accidents

Carbon dioxide pipeline is an essential carrier in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Statistically revealing the accident rate and risk of carbon dioxide pipelines is conducive to integrity management. Based on 112 accident records collected from Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, this work analyzes the frequency, rate, and risk of accidents. In addition, the impact of relevant factors on risk is further discussed. Some primary conclusions are as follows: (1) For carbon dioxide pipelines, the leak is the leading form of accident. Most carbon emissions are generated in the form of leakage, but economic losses are mainly generated in other forms. (2) The pipelines that have been in service for 0–10 years have the highest frequency of accidents and the highest proportion of carbon emissions, but the pipelines that have been in service for 11–20 years have caused the most economic losses. (3) Among the accident causes, the number of accidents caused by equipment failure is the highest, while the economic loss caused by natural force damage is the highest, and the carbon emission caused by material failure is the highest.     

我国生产安全事故的R/S分析

R/S分析方法是一种检验时间序列服从独立随机分布假设或非线性特征的有效工具.本文应用R/S分析方法实测了几类全国安全生产事故Hurst指数,表明几类全国安全生产事故发生具有持续性的特点,研究成果对于指导政府、企业认识安全生产规律,科学决策具有参考意义.     

危险化学品事故多米诺效应历史数据研究评述

系统整理分析近十五年来国内外利用历史数据进行危险化学品事故多米诺效应研究的相关文献,介绍该领域研究的主要数据来源、主要研究方法,对主要研究内容进行交叉比对,整理挖掘包括危险化学品多米诺事故场景下的易发物质、高发区域/过程、主要事故致因、高频事故序列、致死概率5项事故内在规律并对规律的运用进行初步探讨。提出在后续研究中可以从改进采样时间区间设计和进行细分事故场景研究作为该领域的完善方向。     

我国工业爆炸事故原因分析

为了控制工业爆炸事故的发生 ,我们详细分析了近年来我国发生的特大、重大工业爆炸事故 4 0多例 ,占近年来特大、重大工业爆炸事故案例总数 2 / 3以上。虽然事故发生的后果是随机的 ,即受偶然性因素的影响 ;但事故致因则不是随机的 ,而是系统性因素即非偶然性因素的影响结果。因此 ,这 4 0多例事故的致因对于我国近年来全部工业爆炸事故的致因来说 ,具有合理的代表性。1　瓦斯爆炸事故1.1　直接原因1.1.1　瓦斯浓度超限的原因　　ａ .停电造成停风　　ｂ .停风　　———局扇被违章关停 (包括对临时停工的地点停风 ) ;　　———局扇故障或…     

Responses to accidents in different industrial sectors

Accidents produce external pressures on companies leading to new regulations and renegotiation of enforcement of regulations. Our perspective is institutional with a focus on the extended dialogue among regulators and the industry. The empirical focus is offshore oil and gas production, deep sea and coastal fisheries, and maritime transportation with a segment of older bulk carriers. The findings are that structural characteristics of both the industries and the regulatory regime determine the interactions between the regulated and the regulator. The paper illustrates that in industrial sectors where hazards and risks are visible and of public interest, it is easier to implement regulations through outside pressure from regulators and other stakeholders such as internationally organised unions.     

Biorhythms and the incidence of industrial accidents

Biorhythm critical days have been suggested as a possible cause of industrial accidents by a number of authors, although the empirical evidence is confusing. This study examined all industry-related accidents in a large Australian timber milling organization over a 15-month period to see if the implied relationships existed. A variety of biorhythm critical day definitions and accident types were analyzed, but no significant results were obtained, suggesting that the proposed theory did not hold in this case.     

Determination of emergency assembly point for industrial accidents with AHP analysis

Major industrial accidents, which are a type of technological disaster, are very important due to the security risks and financial damages that threaten the environment and human health in today's industrialization. In this study, it was aimed to propose an approach that will guide the decision makers to choose the emergency assembly point that should be in the distance or shelter where the employees will be not affected by the negative consequences of emergencies within the scope of the obligation of industrial establishments preparing an internal emergency plan for major industrial accidents. For this purpose, in the first stage, modelling studies were carried out with ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) Software over possible accident scenarios in an industrial establishment containing different types and amounts of hazardous chemicals. As a result of modelling studies, possible toxic emissions, fire and explosion effect distances and threat zones for the industrial establishment were obtained. In the second stage, the weights of the main and sub-selection criteria to be used in determining the assembly point were calculated. This stage was carried out based on the comparison data obtained as a result of the questionnaire applied to professionals with the help of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods. In the last stage, three candidate points were selected considering the physical effect areas determined in the first stage in the boundaries of the establishment, where the employees were evaluated to be affected the minimum from the negative consequences of industrial accidents. These candidate points were evaluated again with the AHP method on the basis of the sub-criteria whose relative weights were determined in the second stage and a selection was made. As a result, an approach that provides the solution of our problem was obtained.     

Fired equipment combustion chamber accidents: A historical survey

A historical analysis was carried out on 189 accidents that occurred in gas and oil fuel fired equipment. The variation of frequency as a function of time, the main causes leading to a fire or an explosion, as well as the consequences of the accidents were studied. Explosion was the most frequent accident, followed by fire; in a few cases the final outcome was a release. Accidents in gas fired combustion equipment were significantly more frequent than those in the liquid fired ones. The main causes were tube rupture and/or error in ignition/reignition sequences, followed by loss of flame in the combustion chamber and, with a minor frequency, entrance of non-expected fuel and presence of non-combusted materials. The consequences on people were much more important in case of explosions than in case of fires. Even though the equipment involving combustion chambers can be considered essentially safe, this historical analysis has shown that accidents continue to occur with certain frequency because the number of existing units is quite high and the possibility of human error during its operation and maintenance is still significant.     

太钢2000年度和“九五”期间工伤事故统计分析

通过对太钢2000年及“九五”期间工伤事故数据的统计分析,找出发生事故的主要原因及规律,提出预防事故重复发生及较大事故发生的措施,达到减少和杜绝事故发生,确保安全生产的目的。     

Predicting the frequency of accidents in port areas by developing event trees from historical analysis

The historical analysis of 828 accidents in port areas, which have been selected from a database, has been used to identify the sequences of the accidents. Processing these data has allowed the event trees and the probability of the various accident scenarios to be determined. By using these event trees and figures detailing the frequency of the events that initiated the accidents, as taken from various authors, the frequency of the accidents has been determined.     

Underground parallel pipelines domino effect: An analysis based on pipeline crater models and historical accidents

This paper focuses on the analysis of the possibility of domino effect in underground parallel pipelines relying on historical accident data and pipeline crater models. An underground pipeline can be considered as safe following an accident with an adjacent gas or liquefied pipeline when it remains outside the ground crater generated. In order to prevent the domino effect in these cases, the design of parallel pipelines has to consider adequate pipeline separations based on the crater width, which is one of the widely used methods in engineering applications. The objective of this work is the analysis of underground petroleum product pipelines ruptures with the formation of a ground crater as well as the evaluation of possible domino effects in these cases. A detailed literature survey has been carried out to review existing crater models along with a historical analysis of past accidents. A FORTRAN code has been implemented to assess the performance of the Gasunie, the Batelle and the Advantica crater models. In addition to this, a novel Accident-Based crater model has been presented, which allows the prediction of the crater width as a function of the relevant design pipeline parameters as well as the soil density. Modifications have also been made to the Batelle and Accident-Based models in order to overcome the underestimation of the crater width. The calculated crater widths have been compared with real accident data and the performance evaluation showed that the proposed Accident-Based model has a better performance compared to other models studied in this work. The analysis of forty-eight past accidents indicated a major potential of underground parallel pipelines domino effect which is proven by two real cases taken from the literature. Relying on the investigated accidents, the crater width was smaller than or equal to 20 m in most cases indicating that the definition of underground pipeline separations at around 10 m would be sufficient to ensure a small probability of the domino effect.     

2021年7-8月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2021年7-8月国内发生的各种生产安全事故70起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、化工事故、建筑事故、市政事故和其他事故.统计表明,在70起事故中,交通事故占40％,矿业事故占7.14％,化工事故占10％,建筑事故占7.14％,市政事故占17.14％,其他事故占18.57％.70起事故共死亡238人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故36.55％,矿业事故占6.72％,化工事故占5.88％,建筑事故占5.46％,市政事故占16.39％,其他事故占21.43％.2021年7-8月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省和自治区分别为内蒙古(8起)、福建(6起)、安徽(6起)、四川(5起)和广东(4起);死亡人数较多的5个省和自治区分别为福建(33人)、安徽(21人)、内蒙古(18人)、广东(18人)和江苏(17人).     

2020年11—12月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了2020年11—12月国内发生的各种生产安全事故75起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、化工事故、建筑事故、市政事故和其他事故。统计表明,在75起事故中,交通事故占45.33%,矿业事故占10.67%,化工事故占6.67%,建筑事故占13.33%,市政事故占5.33%,其他事故占18.67%。75起事故共死亡237人。死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故51.90%,矿业事故占18.14%,化工事故占3.38%,建筑事故占7.17%,市政事故占5.06%,其他事故占14.35%。2020年11—12月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省和自治区分别为广东(6起)、广西(6起)、福建(5起)、陕西(5起)和安徽(5起);死亡人数较多的5个省,直辖市和自治区分别为重庆(26人)、福建(24人)、陕西(22人)、广东(19人)和广西(18人)。     

Dynamic approach to risk management: Application to the Hoeganaes metal dust accidents

Several major accidents caused by metal dusts were recorded in the past few years. For instance, in 2011, three accidents caused by iron dust killed five workers at the Hoeganaes Corp. facility in Gallatin, Tennessee (USA). In order to prevent such accidents, a dynamic approach to risk management was defined in this study. The method is able to take into account new risk notions and early warnings and to systematically update the related risk. It may be applied not only in the design phase of a system, but also throughout the system lifetime as a support to a more precise and robust decision making process. The synergy of two specific techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment was obtained: the Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI) and the Dynamic Risk Assessment (DRA) methods. To demonstrate its effectiveness, this approach was applied to the analysis of Gallatin metal dust accidents. The application allowed collecting a number of risk notions related to the plant, equipment and materials used. The analysis of risk notions by means of this dynamic approach could have led to enhanced hazard identification and dynamic real-time risk assessment. However, the approach described is effective only if associated to a proper safety culture, in order to produce an appropriate and robust decision making response to emerging risk issues.     

2021年3-4月国内生产安全事故统计分析

统计了 2021年3-4月国内发生的各种生产安全事故54起,其中包括交通事故、矿业事故、化工事故、建筑事故、市政事故和其他事故.统计表明,在54起事故中,交通事故占48.15％,矿业事故占7.41％,化工事故占18.52％,建筑事故占1.85％,市政事故占11.11％,其他事故占12.96％.54起事故共死亡163人.死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故55.21％,矿业事故占7.98％,化工事故占18.40％,建筑事故占1.23％,市政事故占6.75％,其他事故占10.43％.2021年3-4月生产安全事故发生较多的5个省分别为安徽(7起)、江苏(5起)、广东(5起)、黑龙江(4起)和湖南(3起);死亡人数较多的5个省、市分别为安徽(21人)、江苏(18人)、黑龙江(13人)、广东(10人)和上海(10人).     

关于工业机器人的事故分析及其对策

工业机器人是高科技机电产品，在工业领域广泛应用，可以代替人们从事繁重的、危险性的工作，但由于工业机器人故障所造成的人身伤害事故也时有发生，从工业机器人的可靠性、工业机器人事故案例、能量类型分类等多角度对工业机器人事故进行了分析，从事故树分析法（FTA）、基本安全性原则、工业安全技术等几方面提出了相应的对策。     

Equipment failures and their contribution to industrial incidents and accidents in the manufacturing industry

Accidental events in manufacturing industries can be caused by many factors, including work methods, lack of training, equipment design, maintenance and reliability. This study is aimed at determining the contribution of failures of commonly used industrial equipment, such as machines, tools and material handling equipment, to the chain of causality of industrial accidents and incidents. Based on a case study which aimed at the analysis of an existing pulp and paper company's accident database, this paper examines the number, type and gravity of the failures involved in these events and their causes. Results from this study show that equipment failures had a major effect on the number and severity of accidents accounted for in the database: 272 out of 773 accidental events were related to equipment failure, where 13 of them had direct human consequences. Failures that contributed directly or indirectly to these events are analyzed.     

Economic cost of occupational accidents: Evidence from a small island economy

Though a number of occupational accidents have occurred amongst the working population in Mauritius, no study has been carried out to measure the costs associated with such accidents to the best of our knowledge. This study bridges this gap by measuring the economic costs of occupational accidents by using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results show that occupational accidents result in costs amounting to nearly Rs. 168 mn of which a major part is accounted for, by loss in productivity. Alongside the highest rate of accidents took place within small enterprises and younger workers are the one taking higher risks mainly due to lack of knowledge and risk awareness. The findings also reveal that only 4% employers believe that investment in safety and health is important for maintaining good business partly because most of the costs are borne by the state. Such a situation therefore requires the need for awareness on practical health and safety systems and procedures among both employees and employers with a view to prevent accident and injuries.