汇流路径对SWMM模型水量模拟结果的影响

随着城市雨水管理信息化的快速发展,数学模型逐渐在城市雨水系统规划设计中得到广泛应用,但模型的模拟精度已成为制约其广泛应用的瓶颈问题之一。以某低影响开发（low impact development,LID）雨水系统为例,基于SWMM模型,系统分析了不同重现期条件下,低影响开发设施占比和汇流路径的差异对雨水径流水量控制效果的影响。模拟结果表明:与不考虑汇流路径相比,考虑汇流路径时雨水径流外排总量削减率为4.32%~26.53%,峰值削减率为38.46%~61.40%。因此,汇流路径对雨水径流外排总量和峰值流量影响均较大,且随着LID设施占比升高而增大,随着降雨重现期的增加而降低。在场地开发过程中,可以通过合理的汇流路径设计,提高场地中LID设施对雨水径流的控制效果。同时,在利用模型对场地雨水控制利用效果评估时,也应充分考虑汇流路径对模拟结果的影响。     

淮河闸坝对河流生态影响评价研究——以蚌埠闸为例

论文以历史时期淮河干流水生态调查与2006年全流域重点闸坝水生态调查资料为依据,通过分析水生态指标与同期水质指标之间的关系,建立淮河水文-水质-生态耦合模型,提出了一种水利闸坝工程对水生态影响的评价方法。利用该模型分析了淮河中下游重点闸--蚌埠闸对其下游水生态系统的影响,结果表明:①蚌埠闸对下游水生态系统中浮游植物影响最大,浮游动物次之,对底栖动物的影响最小;②与历史时期水生态状况对比发现,蚌埠闸下游的水生态质量比历史时期有所降低;水利工程闸坝修建后对其下游水生态系统有一定的不利影响;③通过加强闸坝的调度,增加下泄水量,满足生态需水,可以缓解对下游水生态系统的不利影响。     

Efficiency of stormwater control measures for combined sewer retrofitting under varying rain conditions: Quantifying the Three Points Approach (3PA)

We present a method to assess and communicate the efficiency of stormwater control measures for retrofitting existing urban areas. The tool extends the Three Points Approach to quantitatively distinguish three rainfall domains: (A) rainwater resource utilisation, (B) urban stormwater drainage pipe design, and (C) pluvial flood mitigation. Methods for calculating efficiencies are defined recognizing that rainfall is both a valuable resource and a potential problem. Efficiencies are quantified in relation to rainfall volume, supplied potable water volume and volume of wastewater treated. A case study from Denmark is used to illustrate how the efficiency varies between the rainfall domains. The method provides a means for communicating some important quantitative aspects of stormwater control measures among engineers, planners and decision makers working with management of water resources, stormwater drainage and flood risks.     

ABR-生物接触氧化法处理果汁废水实验分析

厌氧式折流反应器(Anaerobic Baffled Reactor,简称ABR)是一种新型高效厌氧反应器,具有工艺技术简单、建设投资费用低、运行管理方便、固液分离效果好、出水水质好、运行稳定可靠、对有毒物质适应性强等优点,是一种极具开发应用前景的废水生物处理新技术。ABR最大的特点是在反应器中设置上下折流板而在水流方向上形成依次串联的隔室,从而使其中的微生物种群沿长度方向的不同隔室实现产酸和产甲烷相的分离。该反应器具有结构简单,截留污泥能力强,系统处理效果稳定,运行管理方便等优点。分析了ABR及ABR与其它工艺的联合在果汁废水处理方面的应用。     

剩余有机污泥“零排放”工程性试验

采用活性污泥法处理有机废水产生的剩余污泥 ,一般较难处置 ,缺少有效的处理方法。通过实验室试验成功的基础 ,经过为期 1a的现场运行考核 ,采用常温兼氧酸化水解—生物反应的新工艺 ,解决了有机废水处理过程中产生的剩余污泥 ,实现了污泥“零排放”。将污泥处理与废水生物处理组合在同一系统 ,不仅操作管理方便 ,而且可提高原处理系统的CODCr达标率约 5%～ 1 5%。该工艺特别适用于含氮有机废水处理系统 ,可使NH_3 -N进一步脱氮去除。     

EGSB-MBR组合工艺处理糖蜜发酵废水效能研究

实验采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器与好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对糖蜜发酵废水进行处理.重点考察了组合工艺对发酵废水的处理效能,包括甲烷的产生效率、污染物(COD、NH4+-N和TN)的去除效能.实验结果表明:控温条件下[(35±1)℃]、进水COD约为2250mg/L、pH在为6.0左右时,EGSB对发酵废水的COD去除率可达75.6%,甲烷的容积产气速率为0.48m3/(m3·d).MBR在溶解氧(DO)为1~2mg/L左右时,采用曝气-搅拌交替运行方式处理EGSB出水,可以实现同步硝化反硝化,并且在曝气3h-搅拌1h交替运行条件下,NH4+-N、TN去除率分别为85.13%、58.57%,而最终COD去除率达到85%.     

Cleaner production in the management of water use at a poultry slaughterhouse of Vale do Taquari,Brazil: a case study

This study included the layout characterization for the production process of a poultry slaughterhouse using qualitative and quantitative flow charts for water management; analysis of general parameters for pollution load in the wastewater produced in critical stages of the production process and assessment of environmental impact indicators. Prognoses for cleaner production based on water management were established. The diagnostic stage revealed that the scalding, pre-chilling, separated points of wastewater disposal for the wastewater treatment plant and disposal of treated and non-reused wastewater were critical for water management. Dissolved oxygen depletion and eutrophication account for the major environmental impacts of these wastewaters, resulting in an environmental pressure index of 32.1. The opportunities for cleaner production implementation resulting from this study include the reuse of wastewaters from pre-chilling and chilling for pre-washing of carcasses, since average temperatures of these wastewaters range between 4 and 16 °C. This will contribute to lowering the oil and grease pollution load. Another strategy concerns the standardization of cleaning procedures with rational water use in all work shifts and implementation of water meters on a sector-by-sector basis. In the latter case, which has already been implemented, water consumption was reduced by 13%.     

用于中水回用的膜生物反应器试验研究

用中试规模 (1 2 0m3/d)生物接触氧化和膜生物反应器相结合的工艺 ,处理天津大学学生公寓的洗浴废水。试验表明 ,SS、色度、COD、LAS和NH3-N的去除率分别可达到 99%、95 %、90 %、95 %和 95 %。该工艺性能稳定 ,操作简单 ,易于管理 ,出水水质均达到排放标准。研究表明 ,此处理工艺在污水资源化方面有良好的应用前景。     

焦化废水处理工程运行能耗的单元解析模型——以OHO流化床工艺为例

焦化废水产生于煤炭的不完全气化过程,其水质成分复杂,处理工艺技术单元多、水力停留时间长且存在多指标目标,处理过程需消耗大量能量,从若干工程实践中发现,影响焦化废水处理工程运行能耗的因素主要包括水质特性、工艺流程、运行时间、设备状况等,系统分析这些因素对运行能耗的贡献,了解耗能规律并模型化,可为焦化废水处理工程设计提供节能依据.本研究以好氧/水解/好氧(OHO)流化床工艺为核心的实际焦化废水处理工程为案例,根据耗能设备、处理目标和单元功能不同将整个处理工程分解为气浮、废水输送、泥渣输送、鼓风曝气、混合、脱水、加药、公用的8个耗能系统,分别分析各系统的耗能因子,建立模型,加权得到总能耗模型;然后分别用HRT(停留时间)法和24 h法计算能耗值,与实际24 h读表电耗值相比较评价模型的准确性.分析结果表明,焦化废水处理工程总运行能耗与进水水量、污泥量、溶解氧、硝化液回流比、进水COD、进水总氮浓度的相关性强;HRT法与24 h法得到的能耗值与实际24 h读表能耗值呈显著线性关系,R2分别为0.93和0.97,相对误差分别为4.28%~19.18%和3.45%~8.94%,模型分析值与工程实测值吻合度比较好,表明模型准确可靠.因此认为,基于耗能单元系统建立的工程系统总能耗模型可以用于预测因水质特性、工艺流程、设备条件等变化的实际工程运行总能耗,得到了建立焦化废水处理工程单元解析模型的系统性新方法.     

废纸浆造纸废水处理工程实践

针对造纸废水中CODCr,SS等浓度较高的特征，以某年产5万t包装纸厂为例，采用水解酸化-CASS-气浮联合工艺处理某废纸纸浆造瓦楞纸项目废水，一年多的运行结果表明：整个废水处理系统的CODCr去除率大于97％，出水中CODCr，BOD5和SS质量浓度分别为60-80mg／L，10-20mg／L和60-80mg／L。整个废水系统投资和运行费用低，投资规模在0.05-0．06万元／（m^3·d），运行费用≤0．6元／m^3。     

A~2O-人工湿地组合工艺对污水中油类物质的去除研究

以河源市城南生活污水处理厂为平台,研究了A2O-人工湿地组合工艺对污水中油类物质的去除效果。结果表明:经过A2O-人工湿地组合工艺处理后,污水中油类物质的去除可达96.5%以上,出水水质基本达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的二类污染物一级排放标准;同时探讨了该组合工艺对城市含油污水的净化机制以及系统运行的限制性因素,系统内部油类物质被降解和去除的过程,确立可推广应用的A2O-人工湿地组合工艺对含油废水的深度处理系统。     

预处理+多级膜浓缩+蒸发结晶+膜电解组合工艺在造纸废水零排放工程上的应用

以国内某工业园区中水回用示范项目1.75万m3/d造纸废水零排放工程为例,对工程采用的预处理+多级膜浓缩+蒸发结晶+膜电解组合工艺流程及设计参数情况进行了重点说明,对部分工艺单元的运行数据进行了技术分析。运行数据表明:臭氧活性炭生物滤池对造纸废水二级出水残留COD的去除率>50%,机械加速沉清池对一级反渗透浓水硬度的去除率达到70%,离子交换器出水硬度稳定在0~4 mg/L,NaCl浓缩反渗透单元对Cl-的再浓缩比约为3倍。最后介绍了对于膜浓缩和蒸发结晶系统改造的工程经验,并从技术总结的角度阐明完善的工艺流程及技术保障措施是该工业废水零排放工程获得成功的根本。     

碳中和趋势下数学模拟在污水处理系统中的发展与综合应用

数学模拟技术在污水处理方面被广泛应用,为了系统总结相关技术,本文回顾了污水处理系统中数学模拟技术的发展历程;综述了活性污泥模型(ASM)与机器学习(ML)在水质预测及参数工况优化领域中的应用;重点探究了污水处理系统中温室气体排放模型,以及多目标优化模型在污水处理系统中温室气体排放(GHG)、出水质量(EQI)和运行成本(OCI)的权衡问题;归纳了数学模拟技术在实现污水厂能量自给与资源回收的应用发展.研究结果表明数学模拟技术能准确预测出水水质、快速优化工艺参数、权衡温室气体排放、出水水质与运行成本之间的关系、以及提高资源回收效率等.因此,数值模拟技术可有效指导污水处理工艺的运行优化以及管理,为污水处理行业减污降碳协同增效提供技术支撑.     

驯化SBR法处理磷钙废水的实验研究

采用驯化SBR法来处理明胶生产工序段的磷钙水,研究了该法的可行性及污泥活性抑制后的恢复措施。结果表明:驯化SBR法处理磷钙废水有一定的处理效果,COD去除率最高可达88%,除磷效果明显,24h去除率维持在85%;反应器运行7～8天后,污泥活性受高氯根和碳酸钙的积累而被抑制,经更换部分污泥和添加低浓度废水等措施,可使污泥生物活性得到恢复。     

Assessment of stormwater runoff management practices and governance under climate change and urbanization: An analysis of Bangkok,Hanoi and Tokyo

As human history is changing on many fronts, it is appropriate for us to understand the different perspectives of major global challenges, of which, water is a major priority. The water resources in urban areas are either approaching or exceeding the limits of sustainable use at alarming rates. Groundwater table depletion and increasing flood events can be easily realized in rapidly developing urban areas. It is necessary to improve existing water management systems for high-quality water and reduced hydro-meteorological disasters, while preserving our natural/pristine environment in a sustainable manner. This can be achieved through optimal collection, infiltration and storage of stormwater. Stormwater runoff is rainfall that flows over the ground surface; large volumes of water are swiftly transported to local water bodies and can cause flooding, coastal erosion, and can carry many different pollutants that are found on paved surfaces. Sustainable stormwater management is desired, and the optimal capture measure is explored in the paper. This study provides commentary to assist policy makers and researchers in the field of stormwater management planning to understand the significance and role of remote sensing and GIS in designing optimal capture measures under the threat of future extreme events and climate change. Community attitudes, which are influenced by a range of factors, including knowledge of urban water problem, are also considered. In this paper, we present an assessment of stormwater runoff management practices to achieve urban water security. For this purpose, we explored different characteristics of stormwater runoff management policies and strategies adopted by Japan, Vietnam and Thailand. This study analyses the abilities of Japanese, Vietnamese and Thai stormwater runoff management policies and measures to manage water scarcity and achieve water resiliency. This paper presents an overview of stormwater runoff management to guide future optimal stormwater runoff measures and management policies within the governance structure. Additionally, the effects of different onsite facilities, including those for water harvesting, reuse, ponds and infiltration, are explored to establish adaptation strategies that restore water cycle and reduce climate change-induced flood and water scarcity on a catchment scale.     

城市污水处理厂综合评价指标体系构建与应用研究

为了科学管理城市污水处理厂的运行,使其发挥更大的环境经济效益,本文将生命周期的思想融入到污水厂的综合评价中。采用“演绎与归纳”相结合的方法,构建包含环境释放、资源消耗、经济效益、人体健康和技术性能5个子系统,22个指标的城市污水处理厂综合评价指标体系,并以哈尔滨某城市污水处理厂为例进行应用研究。生命周期思想的融入使得评价体系不仅强调了污水处理厂的治理效能。还充分体现了其环境影响负荷。该指标体系的建立将为制定污水处理厂的总体环境管理政策提供一定的科学依据。     

煤液化催化剂生产废水处理工艺设计和运行

采用斜板沉降-流砂过滤-蒸发器-结晶器工艺来处理煤液化催化剂生产废水。本文对该项目的催化剂生产废水处理工艺路线进行了详细介绍,并对实际生产期间的运行数据做了总结分析。通过运行数据表明:该工艺线路技术可靠,产品水的各项指标均能稳定达到再生水用作工业用水水源的水质标准,满足了生产回用的目的,且能够实现长期连续稳定运行。     

UBF与UASB两相厌氧系统处理Zn5-ASA医药废水的研究

采用以铁屑为填料的UBF反应器作酸化相、以UASB反应器作甲烷相的两相厌氧系统处理Zn5-ASA医药废水。实验结果表明:此系统在UBF与USAB的HRT分别控制在5.95h和11.43h时,UBF与UASB的OLR(以COD计)分别高达58.44和17.01kg/(m3.d),对SCOD和BOD₅的总去除率分别达90%和95%左右,具有系统运行稳定、处理效率高等优点。系统中UBF反应器所选用的铁屑填料,通过微电解作用,能够有效提高废水的可生化性,且可省去通常的调碱工序,为难降解有机废水的处理开辟了新途径。      

Mechanism on minimization of excess sludge in oxic-settlinganaerobic (OSA) process

The oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process is a promising wastewater treatment technique for efficiently reducing sludge production and improving the stability of process operation. In this paper, the possible factors of sludge reduction such as sludge decay, uncoupled metabolism, and anaerobic oxidation with low sludge production were discussed in the OSA process. It has been confirmed that sludge decay is the decisive cause in the OSA process, accounting for 66.7% of sludge production reduction. Sludge decay includes hydrolysis and acidogenesis of dead microorganisms and particle organic carbon adsorbed in sludge floc and endogenous metabolism. By batch experiments, it has been proven that there is energetic uncoupling in the OSA system since microorganisms were exposed to alternative anaerobic and aerobic environment. It accounts for about 7.5% of sludge production reduction. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) released from the anaerobic sludge tank in the OSA process was used as the substrate for cryptic growth. The substrate was used for anoxic denitrifying, anaerobic phosphorus release, sulfate reduction, and methane production. These anaerobic reactions in the sludge anaerobic tank have lower sludge production than in the aerobic oxidation when equivalent SCOD is consumed, which may lead to approximately 23% of sludge reduction in the OSA process. It has been concluded that multiple causes resulted in the minimization of excess sludge in the OSA system. The microbial community structure and diversity of sludge samples from the CAS (conventional activated sludge) and OSA systems were investigated by 16 SrDNA PCR-DG-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-double gradient-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). DGGE profile and cluster analysis showed more abundant species in the OSA system contrasting to microbial communities in the CAS system.