An environmental management system implementation model for U.S. colleges and universities

The Osnabruck model, and another under development by the South Carolina Sustainable Universities Initiative, are the only two EMS models that have been proposed specifically for colleges and universities, although several guides are now available. The Environmental Management System Implementation Model for U.S. Colleges and Universities detailed in this paper, an adaptation of the ISO 14001 standard and USEPA recommendations, has been tailored to U.S. colleges and universities for use in streamlining the implementation process. In using this three-phased implementation model created for the U.S. research and academic setting, it is hoped that these highly specialized institutions will be provided with a clearer and more cost-effective path towards the implementation of an EMS and greater compliance with local, state and federal environmental legislation.     

中美环境执法与经济处罚的比较分析

对中美环境执法的制度背景、实施以及经济处罚三方面进行了对比,结果发现,中国的环境执法尚有诸多需要进一步改进和改善的地方.通过比较,为中国的环境执法提供了一些参考建议,包括加强环境法制建设、增强环境法律的可执行性,加强国家环境保护总局的监督、协调与执法能力,加强环境执法机构建设和提高违法经济处罚额度等.      

An environmental management model for universities: from environmental guidelines to staff involvement

The environmental pollution caused by universities in the form of energy and material consumption could be considerably reduced by an effective choice of organisational and technical measures. Examples of environmental protection measures can be seen at several universities, but a professional environmental management system (EMS) for universities with a systematic approach to reduce the consumption of resources is lacking. At the University of Osnabrück, the basis for a university-related EMS has been developed for the first time in Germany, the use of which is also possible by other universities. Beginning in autumn 1999, this EMS will gradually be implemented at the University of Osnabrück.     

美国海军舰艇命名体系研究

美国海军舰艇命名体系由任命前缀、舰艇名称、分类代号、舷号4类要素构成,首先分析了每类要素对于命名体系的贡献,然后基于美国海军舰艇命名体系,以美国海军舰艇名册为数据源,通过要素提取、规则建立等步骤分析美国海军现役舰艇组成。经过分析,美国现役715艘舰艇分为战斗舰、辅助舰、战斗艇、支援艇、未在分类代号中定义等5大类67类型177级别,通过对比基于类型与级别规则、基于任命前缀规则的结果挖掘出美国海军现役舰艇组成规律。     

高校开设环境教育公共必修课探究

在高校中开设环境教育公共必修课,培养大学生的环境意识,提高环境素质,是实现可持续发展的一个重要措施。本文阐述了环境教育的内涵,论述了国内外高校环境教育的发展概况,分析了高校开设环境教育公共必修课的必要性。以济南市为例,对高校学生和教师分别进行了问卷调查,从学生的环境意识和环境行为、学校开设环境教育公共必修课的现状、师生对环境教育公共必修课的态度等方面进行了调查。结合调查结果。总结出中国高校环境教育公共必修课建设存在的主要问题,如高校对环境教育的重视不足、环境教育课程体系不合理、教学形式单一、师资力量薄弱等,并借鉴国外环境教育的经验,提出完善高校环境教育公共必修课的建议和措施。     

高校环保类人才培养体制研究与改革

高校环保类人才培养关系到全人类环境保护的发展大计,当前中国高校环保类专业人才培养还存在师资力量薄弱、人才流动性大、工程实践性不强以及评估机制不健全等问题。为了提高高校环保类专业的人才培养质量,进行人才培养体制优化架构,采用交叉性和层次性学科融合方法进行复合型环保类人才培养,完善学科配套体系,加大学科投入,优化产业配套,提升高校环保类人才的就业空间,从而提高环保类人才学习的积极性和创造力。     

珠海地区高校建筑室内热环境的评价及优化策略研究

对高校建筑室内热环境的研究,不仅关系到高校师生的学习效率,生理健康;而且对"绿色校园"建设也起到积极作用.中国地域辽阔.各地区气候差异显著,各地域建筑都会体现出了对气候应对策略,但在近几年的高校扩招后,校园规划建设速度加快,忽略了教学建筑中的相关环境要素.通过对珠海地区部分高校实测调研分析,对教学室内热环境的评价标准进行讨论,同时从提出了通过自然通风、微环境的营造、遮阳方式等手段来优化珠海地区高校室内热环境.     

美国国家海洋自然保护区监测及其对我国的启示

着重介绍了美国国家海洋自然保护区的监测目标、理论基础、监测内容。监测是掌握海洋自然保护区状况与发展趋势的重要手段,是海洋自然保护区建设与管理的重要工作内容。美国国家海洋自然保护区的保护目的和所保护的资源类型同我国的海洋自然保护区相似。且监测水平与管理机制处于世界领先水平。了解研究美国的先进经验,对促进我国海洋自然保护区的监测工作具有很好的借鉴作用。     

美国军队环境管理体系研究

在介绍美国军队管理体系的发展历程、运行模式、总体结构和运行特点的基础上,对其执行过程中所遇到的问题进行了剖析,并提出了解决问题的途径,以期为我国军队环境管理体系的建立和完善提供借鉴.     

大专院校取水定额编制方法研究

定额管理是节水管理工作中一种比较科学的管理方法,也是节水管理的必然发展趋势。文章阐述了编制取水定额所应遵循的基本原则,结合大专院校的行业用水特点,综合运用相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等统计分析方法,建立了一套制定大专院校取水定额标准的科学体系。该体系具有科学性、实用性和灵活性。运用该体系编制了武汉市大专院校的分类取水定额标准,对于加强城市大专院校行业的节水管理,提高大专院校节水水平具有重要的指导意义,同时对于编制城市其它行业的取水定额具有一定的参考价值。     

环保意识培养对高校思想政治教育发展的影响研究

环保意识的培养刻不容缓,作为中国特色社会主义建设者和接班人的高校学生,培养他们的环保意识显得尤为重要。因此,提出环保意识培养对高校思想政治教育发展的影响,系统研究了环保知识教育、环保意识培养与思想政治教育课程的有效融合、环保意识培养融入高校思想政治教育的理论价值以及环保意识培养与高校思想政治教育关联分析,在高校学生思想政治教育中引入环保意识,成为协调人与自然和谐关系的关键渠道。     

Flow control regulations to gain waste disposal self sufficiency

In a recent ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court has determined that solid waste flow control regulations are unconstitutional. Many states have established some form of flow control. As an example, the state of New Jersey has implemented a long-term plan to gain waste disposal self-sufficiency by the year 2000. The success of this plan hinges on the flow controls implemented by the state. Almost two billion U.S. dollars of debt has been incurred by the twenty-two solid waste districts in New Jersey to build the state-of-the-art facilities necessary to reach these goals. An analysis has been performed on the most recent data available of the state’s solid waste generation and management system, at a time when New Jersey must restructure its solid waste management plan. The New Jersey solid waste management model is of interest to other states. The consequences, facts, and alternatives of flow control are examined.     

基层卫生医疗机构财务管理战略对环境污染的影响分析研究

基层卫生医疗机构财务的优化管理能降低环境污染,定量分析基层卫生医疗机构财务管理战略对环境污染的影响,优化基层医疗机构的财务管理水平,从而抑制环境污染,提出基于关联规则统计分析模型的基层卫生医疗机构财务管理模型。结合定量回归分析方法进行环境污染的影响因素分析,采用解释变量的相关性分析方法进行统计平均检验,构建检测统计量和判决统计量进行环境污染影响及医疗卫生结构财务管理的关联规则分析评估,提高基层医疗结构财务管理的智能化水平。     

市场模式环境监测管理探索

论述了环境监测工作内容和性质,分析环境监测管理体制、管理手段、管理目标、管理职能等存在的不足方面,在此基础上提出了建立环境监测机构业务能力认定制度、形成环境监测资源和信息共享机制,创建和规范环境监测市场、完善环境监测质量管理制度等环境监测管理思路。     

环保垂直管理制度改革中涉及的主要垂直管理模式

为推进省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度改革,文章围绕《关于省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度改革试点工作的指导意见》,厘清省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理改革涉及到不同机构的不同垂直管理模式,对各地在改革试点中不逾越《意见》边界,在框架内做好不同环保机构和不同管理模式的制度设计,具有一定的指导意义。     

高校思想政治教育创新发展对环境保护意识培养的促进作用研究

为提高全民综合素质,高校思想政治教育提出创新发展.与此同时,环境污染问题亟待解决,为从根本上改善和保护环境,对全民环境保护意识进行培养至关重要.首先分析高校思想政治教育创新发展历程,说明高校思想政治教育创新发展势在必行的原因,依据其发展准则,制定其创新内容.再对目前全民环保意识现状进行评估,差异性环境教育及较低的国民素质急需对全民环保意识进行培养.分析高校思想政治教育的环保价值,结合环境保护意识培养实现的效果,得出高校思想政治教育创新发展对环境保护意识培养有极大的促进作用.     

高等院校教师有效激励机制的探讨

高等院校管理者必须思考如何更加有效的激励教师工作的积极性。高等院校教师的有效激励机制包括教师工作激励机制、教师成就激励机制和优秀教师的价值激励机制。三者有机结合，才能更好的促进教师的工作积极性、主动性、创造性，实现高等院校教师的自我价值。     

农业院校环境科学专业学科群建设及课程体系设置

文章以环境科学学科群的带头学科及其内涵、外延分析为基础,对环境科学专业学科群进行了系统分析;并以青岛农业大学环境科学专业课程组织为例,对农业院校环境科学专业学科群建设进行了探讨,为高等学校环境科学专业建设提供一种新范式。     

The boll weevil in North America: Scientific conflicts over management of environmental resources

This paper is a historical and philosphical reconstruction of how U.S. entomologists attempted to mitigate the depradations of the boll weevil on cotton, the world's most important natural fiber. The boll weevil caused severe losses in the U.S. after 1892. Early control methods were based on altering the cultural practices of cotton growers. The discovery in 1917 that calcium arsenate was an effective insecticide for boll weevils eventually allowed some farmers to rely on chemical control. Development of synthetic, organic insecticides allowed many U.S. growers after 1945 to rely heavily on insecticides for boll weevils. By the 1960s, resistance of boll weevils to insecticides, induction of secondary pest outbreaks, and environmental health hazards threatened cotton production practices based on insecticides. U.S. entomologists devised two new strategies to rescue cotton production from its insecticide crisis: integrated pest management (IPM) and total population management (TPM). Eradication of key insect pests such as boll weevils was envisaged by TPM entomologists with adequate technology. E.F. Knipling, the USDA entomologist who designed TPM, gave 1968 as a target for possible boll weevil eradication. The pilot boll weevil eradication experiment (PBWEE) was conducted in 1971–1973. IPM entomologists argued the futility of attempting to eradicate the boll weevil from the U.S.A., but TPM adherents argued for a second test, which was held in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina (1978–1980). A new controversy erupted over how to interpret the fact that a few boll weevils were found at the end of the second test. IPM and TPM entomologists were once again pitted against one another on three major issues: defining eradication; explaining secondary pest behavior; and drawing conclusions about the wisdom of a national boll weevil eradication program. Currently, entomologists have reached a stalemate over boll weevil eradication in the U.S. Some entomologists are attempting to synthesize opposing views in the hope of reaching a professional consensus on appropriate boll weevil suppression methods. Significant distinctions separate IPM and TPM and will make it difficult to achieve an agreement. Budgetary problems in the U.S.A. argue for a management rather than eradication stance against boll weevils. The split in the U.S. entomological profession could have adverse effects on efforts to develop insect-control science outside of the U.S.     

排污权交易管理信息系统设计

本文为我国的排污权交易设计了一套管理信息系统。该系统设计采用C／S和B／S混合架构体系,充分发挥了两者的长处。该系统一方面可以同时为环境管理部门、排污企业和社会公众三类主体提供信息化服务,大大方便了排污权的交易过程,并保证了排污权交易的公平与透明;另一方面可以使环境管理人员方便地查询和检索相关企业,简化了环境管理工作。