广州市城市木质废弃物资源化利用的初步探讨

目前,广州市已全面实施垃圾分类工作,将城市垃圾中占一定比重的木质废弃物进行资源化利用对解决城市垃圾减量问题具有重大意义。提出总体布局回收网络,规划分拣中心,整合资源化利用平台,推动公共政策服务规范化和标准化的思路和构想,推进木质废弃物资源化利用,为实现广州市垃圾减量和推动循环经济发展提供参考。     

广州市低值可回收物回收利用现状及建议

为贯彻落实广州市政府《广州市城市生活垃圾分类管理暂行规定》精神,全面规范低值可回收物回收处理的市场秩序,确保垃圾减量化和资源化利用,广州市大力推动低值可回收物的回收和处理。介绍了广州市废玻璃、废塑料等低值可回收物的回收处理现状,并针对其存在的问题提出了合理的建议。     

城市生活垃圾预处理和资源化研究

分析了国内外近期生活垃圾资源化技术的处理模式和存在的缺点,指出了我国城市生活垃圾资源化的有效途径是加强对垃圾的预处理,提出了基于垃圾预处理的城市生活垃圾资源化综合处理系统,介绍了废塑料制作建筑板材的工艺和技术指标.     

英国建筑垃圾管理模式研究

随着城市化进程加快,建筑垃圾已经成为城市化发展亟待解决的问题。从循环利用现状、政策目标、管理框架、政策工具的角度,剖析英国建筑垃圾政策管理模式,进而提出推动我国建筑垃圾资源化处理的对策。     

中再生协会蒋省三会长会见广州市市长陈建华

<正>2015年11月20日,中国再生资源回收利用协会蒋省三会长在广州会见了广州市陈建华市长,陈市长表示,垃圾的资源化处理,实质上就是在开发"城市矿产"。广州在垃圾分类处理方面,实现了减量化、资源化,希望进一步加强与中国再生资源回收利用协会的合作,大力破解"垃圾围城"难题。蒋会长表示,广州市在垃圾分类、减量化处置方面探索出一条合理的道路,所形成的经验值得向全国推广。     

建筑垃圾分类收运处理体系研究

根据对我国建筑垃圾产生源、产生特点和分类标准的分析,研究了提升我国建筑垃圾资源化率的分类收运处理体系。首先,明确了源头分类的重要性,提出了建设工地和居民生活区两个产生源的分类管理模式;其次,为提升建筑垃圾收运效率,按照产生源头不同提出了相适应的收集、运输模式;最后,根据建筑垃圾的成分、物化性质等特点,提出了分类处理的资源化利用途径。     

我国建筑垃圾资源化处理产业发展现状

建筑垃圾占我国城市固体废弃物总量的40%,目前存量和增量大,资源化率不足,而建筑垃圾再利用价值较高,资源化利用是必由之路。综述了建筑垃圾资源化再利用的产业现状,关注源头产生、过程处置及再生利用全过程。分析部分省份现有建筑垃圾产业发展模式,为建筑垃圾产业发展提供借鉴,在此基础上,提出建筑垃圾产业未来发展趋势,以更好地开展建筑垃圾资源化利用。     

我国城乡建筑垃圾处置现状及改善对策

城市及城镇发展、新农村建设均产生大量的建筑垃圾.在分析城乡建筑垃圾处置现状的基础上,提出了健全建筑垃圾处置法律法规、同步推进城乡建筑垃圾分类、促进资源化利用产业链健康发展、完善城乡建筑垃圾暂存场及填埋场建设等改善对策.     

建筑垃圾再生利用存在的问题与对策

通过深入分析目前建筑垃圾再生利用存在的问题,有针对性地提出:政府在法律法规上给予再生产业扶持是建筑垃圾资源化再生利用的条件,民众理念更新是建筑垃圾再生利用的基础,建立有利于跟踪管理的再生产业链是建筑垃圾再生利用的关键.提出的对策旨在促进建筑垃圾资源化再生利用有序快速发展.     

济南市建筑垃圾处置管理展望

分析了济南市建筑垃圾产生和处置现状,结合相关政策法规及建筑垃圾处置发展趋势,指出了济南市建筑垃圾处置管理存在问题,提出了建筑垃圾分类和资源化综合利用是必然的发展趋势,为今后济南市建筑垃圾的可持续发展管理提供支撑。     

An empirical investigation of construction and demolition waste generation rates in Shenzhen city, South China

The construction and demolition waste generation rates (C&D WGRs) is an important factor in decision-making and management of material waste in any construction site. The present study investigated WGRs by conducting on-site waste sorting and weighing in four ongoing construction projects in Shenzhen city of South China. The results revealed that WGRs ranged from 3.275 to 8.791 kg/m² and miscellaneous waste, timber for formwork and falsework, and concrete were the three largest components amongst the generated waste. Based on the WGRs derived from the research, the paper also discussed the main causes of waste in the construction industry and attempted to connect waste generation with specific construction practices. It was recommended that measures mainly including performing waste sorting at source, employing skilful workers, uploading and storing materials properly, promoting waste management capacity, replacing current timber formwork with metal formwork and launching an incentive reward program to encourage waste reduction could be potential solutions to reducing current WGRs in Shenzhen. Although these results were derived from a relatively small sample and so cannot justifiably be generalized, they do however add to the body of knowledge that is currently available for understanding the status of the art of C&D waste management in China.     

广州市推动再生资源回收利用行业转型的有效探索

广州市作为国家再生资源回收体系建设试点城市,在大力发展循环经济、推进再生资源回收利用网络体系建设方面进行了先行先试探索,取得了明显成效。“广州模式”对推进广东省加快转型升级具有启示借鉴意义。     

An assessment of the current and future options for domestic waste management in Kaunas, Lithuania.

The main purpose of this study was to carry out a retrospective analysis of solid waste generation in Kaunas city from 1994 to 2003 and to calculate the theoretical waste generation in the future. This paper also presents measurements of the annual variations of waste amounts and calculations on a theoretical waste incineration facility. Two waste treatment scenarios were considered. Scenario A: waste deposit at the landfill with 'implementation of domestic waste separation and recycling'. Scenario B: waste removal to a landfill with 'multi-treatment: household separation, recycling and energetic recovery'. Three levels of waste treatment were proposed. The first level was implementation of the recycling system, which included household waste separation. The next step involved mechanical-biological treatment. The third level was the construction and operation of a new waste incineration plant in Kaunas. Two sites in Kaunas city were proposed; however, more detailed analysis, including the economic factors, will need to be done.     

Municipal solid waste management in Rasht City, Iran

Pollution and health risks generated by improper solid waste management are important issues concerning environmental management in developing countries. In most cities, the use of open dumps is common for the disposal of wastes, resulting in soil and water resource contamination by leachate in addition to odors and fires. Solid waste management infrastructure and services in developing countries are far from achieving basic standards in terms of hygiene and efficient collection and disposal. This paper presents an overview of current municipal solid waste management in Rasht city, Gilan Province, Iran, and provides recommendations for system improvement. The collected data of different MSW functional elements were based on data from questionnaires, visual observations of the authors, available reports and several interviews and meetings with responsible persons. Due to an increase in population and changes in lifestyle, the quantity and quality of MSW in Rasht city has changed. Lack of resources, infrastructure, suitable planning, leadership, and public awareness are the main challenges of MSW management of Rasht city. However, the present situation of solid waste management in this city, which generates more than 400tons/d, has been improved since the establishment of an organization responsible only for solid waste management. Source separation of wastes and construction of a composting plant are the two main activities of the Rasht Municipality in recent years.     

Municipal solid waste management in Tehran: current practices, opportunities and challenges

Tehran, the capital city of Iran and a metropolis with a population of 8.2 million and containing 2.4 million households, generated 2,626,519 tons of solid waste in 2005. The present study is aimed at evaluating the generation, characteristics and management of solid waste in Tehran. Municipal solid waste comprises more than 97% of Tehran's solid waste, while three other types of solid waste comprise less than 3% of it, namely hospital waste (1.0%), industrial waste (0.6%) and construction and demolition waste (0.5%). The contribution of household solid waste to total municipal solid waste is about 62.5%. The municipality of Tehran is responsible for the solid waste management of the city; the waste is mainly landfilled in three centers in Tehran, with a small part of it usually recycled or processed as compost. However, an informal sector is also active in collecting recyclable materials from solid waste. The municipality has recently initiated some activities to mechanize solid waste management and reduce waste generation. There remain important challenges in solid waste management in Tehran which include: the proper collection and management of hospital waste; public education aimed at reducing and separating household waste and educating municipal workers in order to optimize the waste collection system; and the participation of other related organizations and the private sector in solid waste management.     

Quantifying the waste reduction potential of using prefabrication in building construction in Hong Kong

As Hong Kong is a compact city with limited available land and high land prices, the construction of high-rise buildings is prevalent. The construction industry produces a significant amount of building waste. In 2005, about 21.5 million tonnes of construction waste were generated, of which 11% was disposed of in landfills and 89% in public filling areas. At the present rate, Hong Kong will run out of both public filling areas and landfill space within the next decade. The government is taking action to tackle the problem, such as by introducing a construction waste landfill charge, and promoting prefabrication to reduce on-site waste generation. This paper reports an ongoing study on the use of prefabrication in buildings and its impact on waste reduction in Hong Kong. A questionnaire survey was administered to experienced professionals, and case studies of recently completed building projects were conducted. The results revealed that construction waste reduction is one of the major benefits when using prefabrication compared with conventional construction. The average wastage reduction level was about 52%. This implies that a wider use of prefabrication could considerably reduce construction waste generation in Hong Kong and alleviate the burdens associated with its management.     

发挥供销系统网络优势 延伸餐厨废弃物资源利用的思考

对处于国家中心城市地位的广州来说,随着城市人口、经济社会不断发展,尤其随着餐饮行业的蓬勃发展,日产餐厨废弃物近1万t,如不妥善合理处理,将对城市环境和城市管理造成极大压力。无论是焚烧、填埋、还是生化处理模式,餐厨废弃物资源化处理后产品的出路都没有得到有效解决。广州供销社系统在产业链后端延伸方面具有我国任何社会组织无法比拟的优势,是解决餐厨废弃物资源化产品深加工出路的重要力量。除了发挥供销社网络优势外,仍需要政府在政策、土地、资金等方面的大力支持,共同推进,才能实现餐厨废弃物"由餐桌中来,加工调制后再到农田中去,生产出来的有机食品再回到餐桌"的真正循环。     

Dengue, related to rubble and building construction in Brazil

The fast-growing formation of solid waste, resulting from demographic density, presents itself as one of the most pressing problems to be addressed by governments of large cities all over the world. In Rio de Janeiro, 60% of solid waste stems from the construction industry. Although envisaged by under current municipal legislation, no application of policy regarding systematic recycling of this kind of waste exists in fact. Both sanitation experts and epidemiologists highlight that the deficient sanitary system contributes to the growth of endemic breeding sites, which may reach epidemic proportions. In Brazil, over the recent years, there has been an increase of Dengue Fever cases followed by deaths. In the first half of 2008, the State of Rio de Janeiro was plagued by an intense Dengue epidemic. The city of Rio de Janeiro alone accounted for 48.7% of the cases, in absolute values. By drawing upon an analytical method based on the interrelation between health and sanitation, the outcomes herein indicate that the city of Rio de Janeiro bears a direct relation between Dengue incidence rates and rubble formation from construction – measured by the total area built. Thus, there is a strong urge to implement recycling systems out of construction rubble as a sanitation measure in order to promote Dengue incidence reduction.     

浅谈再生资源服务中心助力两型社会建设

围绕武汉城市圈“两型社会”建设综合配套改革试验区的现代社会组织体制建立过程中的热点问题,阐述了现代社会组织暨再生资源服务中心的基本特征;强调了以民主促民生的制度建设的必要性：分析了现代社会组织助力“两型社会”建设的可行性;概述了以华中资源循环利用服务中心为例的创新型现代社会组织市场化运作公共服务项目的工作思路。     

Modeling of urban solid waste management system: the case of Dhaka city

This paper presents a system dynamics computer model to predict solid waste generation, collection capacity and electricity generation from solid waste and to assess the needs for waste management of the urban city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Simulated results show that solid waste generation, collection capacity and electricity generation potential from solid waste increase with time. Population, uncleared waste, untreated waste, composite index and public concern are projected to increase with time for Dhaka city. Simulated results also show that increasing the budget for collection capacity alone does not improve environmental quality; rather an increased budget is required for both collection and treatment of solid wastes of Dhaka city. Finally, this model can be used as a computer laboratory for urban solid waste management (USWM) policy analysis.