谈谈高加速寿命试验

高加速寿命试验（HALT）是一种新兴技术，它使用在产品的设计阶段，用于快速暴露产品的缺陷和薄弱环节。本文介绍了HALT的优点，典型的HALT过程及HAST项目；对HAST项目中的温度步进应力，6自由度随机振动，快速温度变换，温度与振动综合试验等方法进行了详细描述。     

贮存寿命评价工具箱设计研究

作为装备贮存可靠性与贮存寿命评价的关键技术,加速寿命试验和加速退化试验已在工程中广泛应用,基于物理分析的贮存寿命特征检测技术也逐步在贮存寿命评价工程中开展。贮存寿命评价技术已有一套完整的理论基础并积累了大量的工程实践经验,但行业内至今仍缺少专门针对贮存寿命评价的软件工具。本文通过对贮存寿命评价工具箱的需求分析研究工作,构建了工具箱的技术框架,并给出工具箱各主要模块的业务流程图和业务概念图,为贮存寿命工具箱的开发提供了支撑。     

高加速寿命可靠性试验HALT技术研究

从研究开发HALT试验的背景出发,介绍了进行HALT试验的基本原理及其意义,并说明了该试验设备的各组成部分。同时指出了HALT试验可分为四个分段试验过程,对其分别进行了阐述,最后对HALT试验的实施步骤进行了分析,认为该试验是一个重复试验－失效－失效分析－改进并维修－再试验的过程。开展HALT试验技术及其应用的研究与工程实践,可在产品设计阶段快速消除设计缺陷,缩短研发时间和成本,迅速提供产品的质量和固有可靠性。     

基于寿命特征分析的橡胶减振垫加速寿命试验研究

针对动车组用橡胶减振垫开展了基于加速试验理论的寿命评估研究.研究结果表明,橡胶减振垫使用过程中主要的失效模式为老化和压缩永久变形.针对这些失效模式,分别采用垂直载荷和水平载荷试验手段,对橡胶减振垫的寿命特征参数进行了研究,结果表明压缩变形为敏感寿命特征参数.基于加速寿命试验理论和方法,在恒定压缩载荷下,采用不同温度进行...     

汽车线束的加速试验设计与疲劳寿命评估

汽车线束为汽车电气连接的核心组件,在汽车电路领域发挥着不可替代的作用,线束的失效不仅影响整车信号的通断,甚至危及驾驶员的生命安全。因此,对汽车线束进行可靠性指标的量化评价及疲劳寿命预测具有重要意义。本文从"失效物理"的角度出发,根据线束失效机理模型及使用环境要求进行加速试验设计,预测线束疲劳失效寿命。研究方法供汽车行业在进行线束可靠性量化评价方面提供一定的借鉴和指导作用。     

绝缘结构综合应力加速寿命试验方法研究

针对绝缘结构在实际使用过程中受到综合应力因素的影响的特点,提出了一种基于综合应力的绝缘结构可靠性评估方法,可以有效地指导绝缘结构加速寿命试验的设计和实施。首先通过对绝缘结构进行失效机理及应力分析,确定影响绝缘结构寿命的主要应力,选取适当的综合应力加速模型。其次,确定各加速应力水平,进行综合应力加速寿命试验方案的设计。最后,基于失效数据对绝缘结构进行可靠性评估。     

基于敏感参数的锂离子电池加速寿命试验评价方法

本文以18650锂离子电池为研究对象,提出了一种基于敏感参数Var(ΔQ_(100-10))的锂离子电池加速寿命试验评价方法,给出了锂离子电池循环寿命退化V-Q曲线敏感参数Matlab数据分析和神经网络拟合算法,设计开发了高稳定高精度高频采样的加速寿命试验系统,实现对锂离子电池10_～20年长寿命指标的快速评价。     

Development and application of a new power analysis system for testing of geothermal thermoelectric generators

This article presents a new thermoelectric generator power analysis system (TEG-PAS) for the examination of all parameters of the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) operated by geothermal or any liquid heat. As a sample application, the developed TEG-PAS has been tried on a TEG of 100 W. During electrical energy generation, the values of the electrical, the thermo-electrical and the thermal variables of the TEG have been transmitted to the TEG-PAS by the employed sensors. Thus, the using of several devices simultaneously has been eliminated while the power performance analyses are being carried out.     

Hybrid life cycle assessment for asphalt mixtures with high RAP content

With the pavement industry adopting sustainable practices to align itself with the global notion of habitable environments, there has been growing use of life-cycle assessment (LCA). A hybrid LCA was used to analyze the environmental footprint of using a reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content in asphalt binder mixtures. The analysis took into consideration the material, construction, and maintenance and rehabilitation phases of the pavement life cycle. The results showed significant reductions in energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with an increase in RAP content. The contribution of the construction phase to the GHGs and energy consumption throughout pavement life cycle is minimal. Feedstock energy, though not consequential when comparing asphalt mixtures only, has a significant impact on total energy. Based on LCA analysis performed for various performance scenarios, breakeven performance levels were identified for mixtures with RAP. The study highlighted the importance of achieving equivalent field performance for mixtures with RAP and virgin mixtures.     

Evaluation of energy savings by using high efficiency motors in a thermal power station

This paper presents potential energy savings by installing high-efficiency motors instead of existing ones and their impact on greenhouse gases emissions reductions. This research study of the energy efficiency of electric motors has been performed in a typical thermal power plant. In the literature, the focus has been mainly on separate and away electric motors from operating facilities. The important advantage of this paper over other studies is that it uses the actual motors’ efficiency in the evaluation. The gains both in terms of electrical energy savings and in terms of financial economy by using high-efficiency motors have been discussed. As a result, the energy saving can be expected as 12.6% at the operating rate. This excellent result also reduces greenhouse gas emission by 1,423 tons every year. The analysis of the data provided an overview on energy losses often generated by the degradation and rewinding of electrical motors. This study represents very encouraging results that will help energy managers of industrial plants to become more involved in energy efficiency strategies.     

Extrinsic modeling and simulation of helio-photovoltaic system: a case of single diode model

Simulation of helio-photovoltaic system is continuously undergoing revolution through diverse parameter modifications which closely mimic the experimental data. In retrospect, the current work has presented a nonlinear modification of equivalent circuit parameters and simulated the same for different semiconductors (crystalline and thin films); furthermore, established a mathematical relation between the coefficients of solar irradiance and module temperature (SIMT); moreover, investigated the influence of SIMT on the model parameters. The simulation upshot reveals that increment in solar irradiance (SI) intensifies the output current whereas an increase in module temperature (MT) diminishes the output voltage; the SIMT coefficients developed validated well with the manufacturers data; the influence of SI was evident on the photon current, diode current, and shunt resistance whereas the effect of MT was pronounced on the diode current, ideality factor, and shunt resistance. Thus, the provision made by this work is essential for advanced design and simulation of helio-photovoltaic systems.     

Development and testing of AZEP reactor components

The advanced zero emissions power plant (AZEP) project addresses the development of a novel “zero emissions,” gas turbine-based, power generation process to reduce local and global CO₂ emissions in a cost-effective way.The key element in AZEP is an integrated MCM-reactor, in which (a) O₂ is separated from air by means of a mixed-conducting membrane (MCM), (b) combustion of natural gas occurs in an N₂-free environment and (c) the heat of combustion is transferred to air by heat exchange.This paper focuses on the development and testing of the ceramic components of the MCM-reactor (air separation membrane and heat exchangers). For compactness and manufacturability, a module design based on extruded square channel monoliths has been chosen. The manifold design enables gas distribution in a checkerboard pattern. Modules with contact area of >500 m²/m³ have been produced.Results from testing of the modules under close to realistic process conditions agree with model predictions. Extrapolation to AZEP process conditions gives an oxygen production rate of around 37 mol O₂/(m³ s), or 15 MW/m³ power density (per net MCM volume). These values correspond to project targets and confirm the feasibility of the AZEP concept.     

A theory of chemicals regulation and testing

Risk management of chemicals requires information about their adverse effects such as toxicity and persistence, for example. Testing of chemicals allows for improving the information base for regulatory decision‐making on chemicals' production and use. Testing a large number of chemicals with limited time and resources forces a prioritization of chemicals. This paper proposes a decision model that provides a ranking of chemicals according to “urgency to test”. The model adopts a value‐of‐information approach describing the expected welfare gains from regulatory actions that respond to test information. We determine the value‐of‐information of tests revealing chemicals' levels of toxicity and persistence. We compare our findings to the prioritization of chemicals in the new European Chemicals Regulation “REACH”, where several tens of thousands of chemicals are to be tested in order to fill existing information gaps and to implement more effective risk management. We find that the main lines of chemicals' prioritization under REACH receive backing from our decision model. However, prioritization for testing can be further improved by accounting for testing costs and the sensitivity of regulatory action with respect to the test information.     

电子元器件二次筛选及质量控制探讨

某单位就近年来开展电子元器件二次筛选及筛选中遇到的问题,对二次筛选的发展方向及如何控制电子元器件质量等方面问题进行了论述.     

Optimal power flow model incorporating wind,solar, and bundled solar-thermal power in the restructured Indian power system

A new optimal power flow model for wind, solar, and solar-thermal bundled power scheduling and dispatch is proposed, incorporating the deviation incentive/penalty charges for renewable energy introduced in India. The multiobjective function is solved using the flower pollination algorithm; the scheme is successfully tested on the IEEE 30-bus and Indian utility 30-bus systems. The forecasting error constraints introduced in renewable energy scheduling and dispatch are demonstrated to be beneficial in several aspects. Solar-thermal bundling is shown to create win-win situations for thermal and solar generators. The effectiveness of the flower pollination algorithm in solving optimal power flow models is proved.     

Economic dispatch of power system containing wind power and photovoltaic considering carbon trading and spare capacity variation

The drying up of the fossil energy sources and the damage from unchecked carbon emissions demand the development of low carbon economy, which promotes the development of new energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic. However, the direct connections of wind/photovoltaic power into power grid bring great impacts on power systems, thus affecting the security and stability of power system operations, which challenges the power system dispatching. In despite of many methods for power system dispatch, lack of the models, for power system containing wind power and photovoltaic considering carbon trading and spare capacity variation (PSCWPCCTSCV), restricts the further optimal operations of power systems. This paper studies the economic dispatch modeling problem of power system containing wind power and photovoltaic, establishes the model of economic dispatch of PSCWPCCTSCV. On this basis, adaptive immune genetic algorithm is applied to conduct the economic operation optimization, which can provide the optimal carbon trading price and the optimal power distribution coefficient. Finally, simulations based on the newly proposed models are made to illustrate the economic dispatch of PSCWPCCTSCV. The results show that optimization with the proposed model can not only weaken the volatility of the new energy effectively, but also reduce carbon emissions and reduce power generation costs.     

Modeling and simulation of biogas-fueled power system

The main objective of this paper is to develop a complete model that fully simulate a biogas-fueled power plant which can be used to supply a rural farm with sufficient electricity. The reactor is fed with animal manure of the farm. The proposed model consists of three main parts; a biogas reactor, a microturbine (MT) coupled to a permanent magnet synchronous generator, and a storage system. The model describes the dynamics of an MT and it is suitable for both steady state and transient simulation and analysis. The volume of biogas output delivered from the Anaerobic Digester depends on the reactor volume, reactor temperature, and animal manure type. The storage system is used to store the excess value of biogas if any. It is composed of two parts: a comparator and a storage tank. The comparator compares the volume of biogas produced by the reactor with that needed to supply the load. An adaptive controller is developed to withstand the system against any transient condition such as suddenly load increase/decrease. The proposed model is implemented for chemical and physical behaviors of the biogas production process, as well as for different variables of MT-generator operations. The model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment and tested under different operating conditions in both steady state and transient status to study the impacts of different variables on the system output. The output results prove its applicability and effectiveness under different operating conditions.