突发性水污染事件应急系统的建立

针对中国处理突发性水污染事件的现状,在分析突发性水污染事件的特点和现有应急救援系统,以及现有系统在应急组织协调、应急监测分析和信息传递应急响应等方面所存在问题的基础上,构建了突发性水污染事件应急系统.将该系统分为应急组织结构、应急响应机制和应急技术支持3部分,并对其中不同行政主体在应急响应中的作用以及应急机制的立法等内容进行了探讨.     

论县级市环境应急监测的管理

环境污染突发事件的发生,其影响广,危害大,迫切需要该地的环境监测部门迅速反应,进行快速监测,并报出监测结果,为污染物的控制提供科学依据。因此对环境应急监测的管理就显得非常重要,不仅要对技术人员进行培训,还要准备仪器设备;不仅要准备应急监测预案,还要准备查询、应用工具,包括查询应用软件,只有进行充分的环境应急监测管理,才能有效地进行环境应急监测响应,为污染物应急控制决策、保护环境质量、保护人民的生命财产安全作出贡献。     

尾矿库突发水污染事件环境应急处置措施及应用示范

鉴于当前尾矿库突发水污染事件现场应急处置实践经验不足的问题,梳理总结2010—2020年中国发生的23起尾矿库突发水污染事件应急处置经验和做法,介绍了常用的应急处置措施的原理、特点和应用中的注意事项,提出了应急处置现场主要应急工程措施的修筑技术要点.最后,针对提升环境应急处置整体能力、流域环境风险防控能力以及构建"大应...     

次级河流水污染事件应急处置程序及环境损害评估技术路线

近年来,随着我国经济的发展,次级河流突发性水污染事件频繁发生,对生态环境及居民生活造成了严重的影响。次级河流突发性水污染事件发生后,为减少污染造成的损失和影响,保证受损的环境资源得到恢复和补偿,不仅要立即采取行之有效的应急处置措施,而且应当积极开展环境损害鉴定评估工作,全面追究污染者的环境责任。根据次级河流本身的特点,结合各省市在环境应急处置过程中的具体做法,建立了一套应对突发性次级河流水污染事件的应急处置工作程序;阐述了环境损害鉴定评估的必要性、工作方法和技术路线,同时从受损环境资源的确认、污染源和污染物的识别以及暴露途径的建立3个方面构建了开展次级河流突发性水污染事件环境损害鉴定评估工作的因果关系链条,对实际开展相关工作具有重要意义。     

城市水源地突发性水污染事件研究述评

日益恶化的突发性水污染事件始终是国内外大多数城市水源地安全和城市供水安全的重要威胁.从城市水源地突发性污染事件的风险源、水源地易损性、应急评估和预警技术及应急机制4个方面综述了国内外城市水源地突发性污染事件的研究进展.述评认为,应关注城市水源地的特殊易损性及突发性污染的威胁,重点研究水源地突发性污染事件的快速评估和预警技术及应急机制,全面开展城市水源地突发性污染事件的基础和实例研究.     

城市水源地突发性水污染事件研究述评

日益恶化的突发性水污染事件始终是国内外大多数城市水源地安全和城市供水安全的重要威胁。从城市水源地突发性污染事件的风险源、水源地易损性、应急评估和预警技术及应急机制4个方面综述了国内外城市水源地突发性污染事件的研究进展。述评认为，应关注城市水源地的特殊易损性及突发性污染的威胁，重点研究水源地突发性污染事件的快速评估和预警技术及应急机制，全面开展城市水源地突发性污染事件的基础和实例研究。     

工业园区土壤重金属时空分布信息查询分析系统

工业园区及周围土壤中的重金属富集程度较高,容易发生重金属污染事件。以宝鸡市长青工业园区为试点,通过3年分批次的土壤布点、采样和分析,建立了工业园区土壤重金属时空分布信息查询分析系统。该系统基于WebGIS,采用B/S架构、MySQL数据库及PHP5.0+JavaScript语言,开发了GIS空间分析与环境监测数据管理的集成框架软件。系统集成了空间地理信息、污染源信息及各监测专题信息,并实现了污染源信息、监测点信息的增删改查及土壤中重金属浓度的多维度查询统计、土壤中重金属环境限制预警、工业园区及周围土壤环境质量评价等多项功能。该系统为决策管理提供一个数据平台,对安全利用国土资源、保障工业园区工作人员及周边居民环境安全有重要意义。     

液氯意外泄漏的应急监测

为了迅速地处理京沪高速“3．29”液氯泄漏污染事故，启动了应急监测措施。介绍了应急监测中确立的气、土、水、植物等环境介质作为监测对象，氯、氯化氢作为监测因子，并因事制宜地选择监测方法，为事故处理指挥部迅速而正确地处理事故提供了优质快速的技术支持。     

一次环境应急预案演练的实践

环境应急预案的模拟演练,是加强突发性环境污染事故的应对工作和应急预案体系建设的重要举措,可以检验环境应急部门应对突发性环境污染事故的能力,检验城市各相关部门和各单位之间的协同作战能力,保证环境应急预案的科学、高效、有序和针对性地实施。     

关于苏州数字环保移动办公系统的研建

文章着眼于信息化飞速发展的今天,阐述了苏州市环保系统无纸化办公的现状及发展趋势。在现有的办公自动化基础上,架构了一个从保证安全性角度出发的移动办公及执法方案,提出了一项建设环保系统高能效的新一代办公模式,为领导决策、应急响应、高效办公提供了一条新思路。     

论基于EGIS平台的放射源管理系统的开发

放射源管理系统是一种基于环境地理信息系统平台的资源管理系统,是GIS技术与环境监测技术、环境管理技术、数据库技术等各种环境信息分析和处理技术的集成。系统为环保部门提供了一个功能强大的空间信息服务和管理工具,可以直观、方便地获取放射源的监控、管理等数据信息,为环境管理部门的决策提供依据。     

Decision-support software tools for integrated risk assessment of hazardous substances in complex terrain

This paper presents the ongoing research at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, related to the design and implementation of an IDSS (integrated decision support system) dedicated to integrated risk assessment and safety management with application to the transportation of hazardous substances. One of the goals is to construct advanced models to estimate (a) the optimal routing for transportation of hazardous substances and (b) optimise plans for emergency preparedness and management in case of potential (severe) accidents. As an output of this activity one aims at designing tools to represent risk to the public by using a GIS calculation platform, generically applicable to Switzerland. Though a database of some 700 chemicals is available, epichlorohydrin is the hazardous substance targeted in the first phase.     

国家级流域水环境保护总体规划一般模式研究

流域综合水管理是发达国家普遍采用的管理模式,主要手段之一是制定流域水环境保护总体规划.流域水环境保护总体规划是流域各相关利益方就流域社会经济发展与水环境保护达成的决策,是其他所有规划制定的基础和依据,核心内容是规划目标的确定.流域水环境保护总体规划是流域综合管理的决策平台和信息共享平台,是环境保护的刚性约束,为流域水资源开发利用划定红线.流域水环境保护总体规划是目标导向型的,通过指标体系指导省级行政区负责制定的小流域水环境保护规划,协调流域内省级行政区国民经济和社会发展规划、土地利用总体规划、城市总体规划等其他部门规划.中国目前缺乏流域水环境保护总体规划,基于此提出了国家级流域水环境保护总体规划的一般模式,包括基本内容、规划文本和规划实施3个部分.流域水环境保护总体规划实施的主要手段是审批小流域水环境保护规划.     

Multi-objective game-theory models for conflict analysis in reservoir watershed management

This study focuses on the development of a multi-objective game-theory model (MOGM) for balancing economic and environmental concerns in reservoir watershed management and for assistance in decision. Game theory is used as an alternative tool for analyzing strategic interaction between economic development (land use and development) and environmental protection (water-quality protection and eutrophication control). Geographic information system is used to concisely illustrate and calculate the areas of various land use types. The MOGM methodology is illustrated in a case study of multi-objective watershed management in the Tseng-Wen reservoir, Taiwan. The innovation and advantages of MOGM can be seen in the results, which balance economic and environmental concerns in watershed management and which can be interpreted easily by decision makers. For comparison, the decision-making process using conventional multi-objective method to produce many alternatives was found to be more difficult.     

Complying with Executive Order 13148 using the Enterprise Environmental Safety And Occupational Health Management Information System

All U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) facilities are required under Executive Order (EO) 13148, "Greening the Government through Leadership in Environmental Management," to establish quality-based environmental management systems (EMSs) that support environmental decision-making and verification of continuous environmental improvement by December 31, 2005. Compliance with EO 13148 as well as other federal, state, and local environmental regulations places a significant information management burden on DoD facilities. Cost-effective management of environmental data compels DoD facilities to establish robust database systems that not only address the complex and multifaceted environmental monitoring, record-keeping, and reporting requirements demanded by these rules but enable environmental management decision-makers to gauge improvements in environmental performance. The Enterprise Environmental Safety and Occupational Health Management Information System (EESOH-MIS) is a new electronic database developed by the U.S. Air Force to manage both the data needs associated with regulatory compliance programs across its facilities as well as the non-regulatory environmental information that supports installation business practices. The U.S. Air Force, which has adopted the Plan-Do-Check-Act methodology as the EMS standard that it will employ to address EO 13148 requirements.     

可视化黄浦江水环境数学模型系统设计与开发

随着信息技术的高速发展,传统的水环境数学模型与数据库技术、GIS技术、可视化编程工具紧密结合,水环境数学模型的可视化是其发展的一个重要趋势,也是开发水环境决策支持系统和水环境数学模型商业软件的重要基础。对可视化水环境数学模型的设计框架进行了初步探讨,并结合自主开发的可视化黄浦江二维水环境数学模型系统,介绍可视化水环境数学模型的设计与开发。     

环境监理计算机管理信息系统开发设计

结合浙江省环保局环境监理信息系统的课题,对环境监理计算机管理信息系统软件进行了总体设计,该软件选择Ｗｉｎ９５为操作平台,ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃ５．０为编程软件及Ａｃｃｅｓｓ２．０为数据软件。     

环境监理计算机管理信息系统的软件规划

在对各种环保监理工作调研的基础上,了解环境监理机构的主要职责,并对软件的功能模块进行划分为软件的开发和编程提供了技术及工作总线。     

Identification of water quality management policy of watershed system with multiple uncertain interactions using a multi-level-factorial risk-inference-based possibilistic-probabilistic programming approach

In this study, a multi-level-factorial risk-inference-based possibilistic-probabilistic programming (MRPP) method is proposed for supporting water quality management under multiple uncertainties. The MRPP method can handle uncertainties expressed as fuzzy-random-boundary intervals, probability distributions, and interval numbers, and analyze the effects of uncertainties as well as their interactions on modeling outputs. It is applied to plan water quality management in the Xiangxihe watershed. Results reveal that a lower probability of satisfying the objective function (θ) as well as a higher probability of violating environmental constraints (q _i ) would correspond to a higher system benefit with an increased risk of violating system feasibility. Chemical plants are the major contributors to biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP) discharges; total nitrogen (TN) would be mainly discharged by crop farming. It is also discovered that optimistic decision makers should pay more attention to the interactions between chemical plant and water supply, while decision makers who possess a risk-averse attitude would focus on the interactive effect of q _i and benefit of water supply. The findings can help enhance the model’s applicability and identify a suitable water quality management policy for environmental sustainability according to the practical situations.