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1.
Nectar is secreted in particular rhythms throughout the lifespan of a flower, which allows determining the nectar production
dynamics. This paper compares nectar features in Mucuna japira and Mucuna urens describing: dynamics of nectar production, floral response to nectar removal, resorption, nectar sugar composition, and variation
in nectar sugar composition. M. japira inflorescence bears 12–21 yellow flowers, which are in anthesis for 7 days, whereas M. urens inflorescence bears 36–54 greenish flowers, but only 1–3 flowers are in anthesis simultaneously that last one night. Nectar
volume and sugar concentration were measured, and the amount of sugar was estimated. Qualitative and quantitative nectar sugar
composition was determined. Both species had a constant nectar sugar concentration (ca. 10% for M. japira and ca. 16% for M. urens) and secreted high volumes of nectar (ca. 340 μl per flower for M. japira and 310 μl per flower for M. urens), during 5 days for M. japira and 6 h for M. urens, but after the first removal, i.e., when flower opening mechanism is triggered, nectar production stops immediately. Nectar
resorption occurred in both species. Nectar sugar composition showed some similarities between the species. Variation in nectar
sugar composition occurred in both species. The Mucuna species are dependent on their pollinators to produce fruits and seeds, and they have different strategies to promote the
necessary interaction with birds or bats, especially related to nectar and flower characteristics. 相似文献
2.
There is huge knowledge gap in our understanding of many terrestrial carbon cycle processes. In this paper, we investigate
the bounds on terrestrial carbon uptake over India that arises solely due to CO
2
-fertilization. For this purpose, we use a terrestrial carbon cycle model and consider two extreme scenarios: unlimited CO2-fertilization is allowed for the terrestrial vegetation with CO2 concentration level at 735 ppm in one case, and CO2-fertilization is capped at year 1975 levels for another simulation. Our simulations show that, under equilibrium conditions,
modeled carbon stocks in natural potential vegetation increase by 17 Gt-C with unlimited fertilization for CO2 levels and climate change corresponding to the end of 21st century but they decline by 5.5 Gt-C if fertilization is limited
at 1975 levels of CO2 concentration. The carbon stock changes are dominated by forests. The area covered by natural potential forests increases
by about 36% in the unlimited fertilization case but decreases by 15% in the fertilization-capped case. Thus, the assumption
regarding CO2-fertilization has the potential to alter the sign of terrestrial carbon uptake over India. Our model simulations also imply
that the maximum potential terrestrial sequestration over India, under equilibrium conditions and best case scenario of unlimited
CO2-fertilization, is only 18% of the 21st century SRES A2 scenarios emissions from India. The limited uptake potential of the
natural potential vegetation suggests that reduction of CO2 emissions and afforestation programs should be top priorities. 相似文献
3.
Flower colour is an important signal used by flowering plants to attract pollinators. Many anthophilous insects have an innate colour preference that is displayed during their first foraging bouts and which could help them locate their first nectar reward. Nevertheless, learning capabilities allow insects to switch their colour preferences with experience and thus, to track variation in floral nectar availability. Manduca sexta, a crepuscular hawkmoth widely studied as a model system for sensory physiology and behaviour, visits mostly white, night-blooming flowers lacking UV reflectance throughout its range in the Americas. Nevertheless, the spectral sensitivity of the feeding behaviour of naïve moths shows a narrow peak around 450 nm wavelengths, suggesting an innate preference for the colour blue. Under more natural conditions (i.e. broader wavelength reflectance) than in previous studies, we used dual choice experiments with blue- and white-coloured feeders to investigate the innate preference of naïve moths and trained different groups to each colour to evaluate their learning capabilities. We confirmed the innate preference of M. sexta for blue and found that these moths were able to switch colour preferences after training experience. These results unequivocally demonstrate that M. sexta moths innately prefer blue when presented against white flower models and offer novel experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that learning capabilities could be involved in their foraging preferences, including their widely observed attraction to white flowers in nature. 相似文献
4.
Integral quantities, wind run, S, and recirculation factor, R, useful for describing air flow, are calculated and combined with CO2 mixing ratios. Meteorological observations were obtained from a RASS sodar and CO2 mixing ratios from a continuous analyzer installed at a rural site in the upper Spanish plateau. The measuring campaign spread
over 3 years and two approaches were followed. The first approach considered integral quantities on a daily basis and two
classifications of air flow, to date scarcely used. The first classification distinguished among stagnation, recirculation,
and ventilation, the second considering synoptic, meso-, and local scales. Moreover, 52.94% of daily values handled in this
paper corresponded to ventilation and 49.70% to synoptic scale. The main goal of this approach is the subsequent link between
the two classifications: the synoptic scale was associated with ventilation, mesoscale with recirculation and local scale
partially with recirculation. CO2 observations were distributed in air flow groups following these classifications and mesoscale processes were satisfactorily
described since noticeable evidence of transport from nearby cities was observed. In the second approach, S and R pairs were used and CO2 mixing ratios were distributed following percent intervals of ventilation, calculated by binning these pairs. The main goal
of the second approach is to consider only three groups of mixing ratios. In the first group, with high ventilation, mixing
ratios were low. With intermediate ventilation, mixing ratios were medium, and with low ventilation mixing ratios were high.
A contrast of 21 ppm between the third and first groups was obtained at the 95th percentile. Finally, the second group provided
a contrast of 3 ppm between north and south directions and also between east and west attributed to transport from nearby
cities. 相似文献
5.
The mechanical properties of spider dragline fibres are altered by CO2 exposure under anaesthetizing conditions during the spinning process. In order to relate these macroscopic changes to a microscopic model, the extrusion of dragline silk was studied by synchrotron radiation microdiffraction. A brief exposure of a female Nephila senigalensis spider to CO2 results after an incubation time of less than 7 min in the extrusion of a thread (two fibres) swollen with water. The data are interpreted for a model of crystalline -sheet domains containing nanofibrils, which reinforce a network of protein chains. The protein network absorbs water, leaving the nanofibrils unaffected. A continuous flow of CO2 results in a co-extrusion of a dragline thread and an isotropic silk fraction, which probably has a glycine-rich sequence. Long CO2 exposure reduces the axial alignment of nanofibrils, presumably due to a partial destruction of the amorphous network. 相似文献
6.
CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emission and economic growth of Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amin Yousefi-Sahzabi Kyuro Sasaki Hossein Yousefi Yuichi Sugai 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(1):63-82
This research investigates the relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth of Iran over 14 years from 1994 to 2007 using a national panel data set. The statistical and
emission intensity methodologies are used for analyzing the data series. The study finds evidence supporting parameters which
conclude the stability of significant correlation between CO2 emission and economic development over time during the years under investigation in Iran. This relationship is investigated
and discussed for the energy sectors of the country as well. The results confirm that in all sectors except of agricultural,
there is a positive strong correlation between CO2 emission and economic growth throughout the study period. In most sectors, CO2 emission intensity (the emission per unit of GDP) doesn’t show increasing trends while the absolute emission is rapidly increasing
by the economic growth. 相似文献
7.
The use of heterospecific scent marks by the sweat bee <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halictus aerarius</Emphasis> 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
To forage effectively amongst flowers, some bee species utilize olfactory cues left by previous visitors in addition to direct
assessment of visual cues to identify rewarding flowers. This ability can be more advantageous if the bees can recognize and
use scent marks left by heterospecifics, not just marks left by members of their own species. We conducted field experiments
to investigate whether the sweat bee Halictus aerarius avoids visiting flowers of trailing water willow Justicia procumbens emptied by other bee species. We found that H. aerarius rejected the flowers visited by both heterospecifics and conspecifics. They also rejected visited flowers artificially replenished
with nectar. Our results demonstrate that social bees outside the Apidae can detect marks left on flowers by heterospecifics
but that (on this plant species) they are unable to discriminate against flowers by directly detecting nectar volume. H. aerarius exhibited different rejection rates according to the identity of the previous bee species. We suggest that the frequency
of rejection responses may depend on the amount of chemical substances left by the previous bee. In general, the use of scent
marks left by previous visitors is almost certainly advantageous, enabling foragers to avoid flowers with depleted nectar
levels and thereby improving their foraging efficiency. 相似文献
8.
Sahin N 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2004,91(10):498-502
The present work was aimed at the isolation of additional new pure cultures of oxalate-degrading Streptomyces and its preliminary characterization for further work in the field of oxalate metabolism and taxonomic studies. Mesophilic, oxalate-degrading Streptomyces were enriched and isolated from plant rhizosphere and forest soil samples. Strains were examined for cultural, morphological (spore chain morphology, spore mass colour, diffusible and melanin pigment production), physiological (antibiosis, growth in the presence of inhibitory compounds, assimilation of organic acids and enzyme substrates) and chemotaxonomic characters (cellular lipid components and diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid). The taxonomic data obtained were analysed by using the simple matching (SSM) and Jaccard (SJ) coefficients, clustering was achieved using the UPGMA algorithm. All strains were able to utilize sodium-, potassium-, calcium- and ammonium-oxalate salts. Based on the results of numerical taxonomy, isolates were grouped into five cluster groups with a 70% SSM similarity level. Streptomyces rochei was the most common of the cluster groups, with a Willcox probability of P>0.8. Streptomyces antibioticus, S. anulatus, S. fulvissimus, S. halstedii and S. violaceusniger are newly reported as oxalate-utilizing Streptomyces.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material. 相似文献
9.
Cecilia M. Armas-Herrera Juan Luis Mora Carmen D. Arbelo Antonio Rodríguez-Rodríguez 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2016,21(7):1073-1092
Because volcanic soils store large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC), they play a far more important role in the carbon (C) cycle than their limited global coverage suggests. We analysed the C released as CO2 from a range of volcanic soils under natural conditions and analysed the influence of environmental variables (moisture and temperature), substrate availability (as assessed from the contents of various SOC fractions and the inputs of plant residues from litterfall), respiratory agents (roots, microorganisms and decomposing enzymes) and other pedological features of the topsoils (0–30 cm depth) on the CO2 efflux rates over a 2-year experimental period. High CO2 efflux rates (419 g C-CO2 m?2 y?1 as the average for Andisols) were obtained that were related to significant decreases in the amount of SOC stored. CO2 release was strongly controlled by soil moisture, although it was inhibited in the Andisols with the highest moisture levels (above 50 kg m?2 in topsoil). It was not responsive to the availability of decomposing microorganisms or enzymes and appeared more related to the inputs of easily decomposable plant residues than to the amount of either labile or recalcitrant SOC. Among the SOC pools, only the water-soluble C in saturated paste extracts (WSCse) of air-dried soil samples was consistently correlated with the CO2 efflux rates. The desiccation of Andisols appeared to induce the release of previously stabilised SOC, which was readily mineralised when the moisture conditions became favourable. The results of this study indicate that SOC storage in Andisols is highly vulnerable to drying-wetting processes even in unmanaged natural ecosystems and that microclimate conditions can be critical for successful C sequestration in these soils. 相似文献
10.
The morphology of the variously coloured scoli (bristle-bearing structures on the integument, producing an exocrine secretion) on caterpillars of Hyalophora cecropia and the secondary chemistry of the discharged secretions have been investigated for the first time and compared. According to our scanning electron microscopic study, the red/orange, yellow and blue coloured groups of these glands differ morphologically. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses showed that the patterns of secondary compounds in the respective glandular secretions are also different. Furthermore, the secretion of the penultimate larval instar is chemically distinct from that of the last instar, as are both secretions from the respective haemolymph. The results favour the idea that the differences in scoli colour, morphology and chemistry could affect various predator species differently.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material. 相似文献
11.
Honey bees have a highly developed nest homeostasis, for example, maintaining low CO2 levels and stable nest temperatures at 35°C.We investigate the role of nest homeostasis in deactivating phenolic compounds present in the nectar of Aloe littoralis. We show that the phenolic content in nectar was reduced (from 0.65% to 0.49%) after nectar was incubated in a nest of Apis cerana, and that it was reduced still more (from 0.65% to 0.37%) if nectar was mixed with hypopharyngeal gland proteins (HGP) of worker bees before being placed inside a nest. HGP had little effect on samples outside a nest, indicating that nest conditions are necessary for HGP to deactivate phenolics in nectar. Consequently, the highly controlled nest homeostasis of honey bees facilitates direct deactivation of phenolics in nectar, and plays a role in the action of HGP as well. 相似文献
12.
The night sky is the venue for an ancient arms race. Insectivorous bats with their ultrasonic sonar exert an enormous selective pressure on nocturnal insects. In response insects have evolved the ability to hear bat cries, to evade their hunting maneuvers, and some, the tiger moths (Arctiidae), to utter an ultrasonic reply. We here determine what it is that tiger moths say to bats. We chose four species of arctiid moths, Cycnia tenera, Euchaetes egle, Utetheisa ornatrix, and Apantesis nais, that naturally differ in their levels of unpalatability and their ability to produce sound. Moths were tethered and offered to free-flying naïve big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus. The ability of the bats to capture each species was compared to their ability to capture noctuid, geometrid, and wax moth controls over a learning period of 7 days. We repeated the experiment using the single arctiid species E. egle that through diet manipulation and simple surgery could be rendered palatable or unpalatable and sound producing or mute. We again compared the capture rates of these categories of E. egle to control moths. Using both novel learning approaches we have found that the bats only respond to the sounds of arctiids when they are paired with defensive chemistry. The sounds are in essence a warning to the bats that the moth is unpalatable—an aposematic signal.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 相似文献
13.
Field observations of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) mating behavior in China suggested that a female-produced contact pheromone was almost certainly involved in sex recognition. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of A. glabripennis adults' whole body cuticular extracts indicates that a series of long-chain hydrocarbons comprise the cuticular waxes of both sexes. Although for the most part the GC profiles are similar for the two sexes, five monounsaturated compounds were consistently more abundant in samples from females than in those from males. These compounds were identified as (Z)-9-tricosene, (Z)-9-pentacosene, (Z)-7-pentacosene, (Z)-9-heptacosene, and (Z)-7-heptacosene in the approximate ratio of 1:2:2:8:1, respectively. Antennal and palpi contact to a polypropylene micro-centrifuge tube coated with a synthetic mixture of the five compounds stimulated copulatory behavior in males.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material. 相似文献
14.
Jing-Li Fan Qian Wang Shiwei Yu Yun-Bing Hou Yi-Ming Wei 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(8):1229-1248
Employing global multi-regional input–output models, this paper revisits the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission trade (including exports and imports) and assesses their positions in the national emissions of 14 major countries with large national emissions or large emission trades during 1995–2009. It especially explores the evolution of the emission trades of these countries from both continuous time series and comparative perspectives, in order to provide an explanation for CO2 emission spillovers across countries. The main findings obtained were as follows: (1) China was the largest CO2 exporter to other countries, accounting for over 20 % of global exports since 2005; the CO2 exports of the United States of America (USA), Germany, and Japan varied slightly over this time period, but overall, their proportions had decreased. (2) The CO2 imports of the USA were the largest, occupying around 20 % of the global CO2 imports; meanwhile, China’s CO2 imports increased rapidly and ranked the second largest. (3) For Chinese Taiwan, its proportion of CO2 exports in production-based emissions ranked the highest while that of the USA ranked the lowest; highly CO2 import-dependent countries with an over 40 % proportion of CO2 imports in its consumption-based emissions included France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, while China, India, and Russia remained the lowest, distinguished from their physical energy imports. These results suggested that the global policy makers should take the CO2 emissions in trade into consideration when carefully accounting for national emissions inventories. 相似文献
15.
The Canary Islands are home to a guild of endemic, threatened bird-pollinated plants. Previous work has suggested that these
plants evolved floral traits as adaptations to pollination by flower specialist sunbirds, but subsequently, they appear to
have co-opted generalist passerine birds as sub-optimal pollinators. To test this idea, we carried out a quantitative study
of the pollination biology of three of the bird-pollinated plants, Canarina canariensis (Campanulaceae), Isoplexis canariensis (Veronicaceae) and Lotus berthelotii (Fabaceae), on the island of Tenerife. Using colour vision models, we predicted the detectability of flowers to bird and
bee pollinators. We measured pollinator visitation rates, nectar standing crops as well as seed-set and pollen removal and
deposition. These data showed that the plants are effectively pollinated by non-flower specialist passerine birds that only
occasionally visit flowers. The large nectar standing crops and extended flower longevities (>10 days) of Canarina and Isoplexis suggests that they have evolved a bird pollination system that effectively exploits these low frequency non-specialist pollen
vectors and is in no way sub-optimal. Seed set in two of the three species was high and was significantly reduced or zero
in flowers where pollinator access was restricted. In L. berthelotii, however, no fruit set was observed, probably because the plants were self-incompatible horticultural clones of a single
genet. We also show that, while all three species are easily detectable for birds, the orange Canarina and the red Lotus (but less so the yellow-orange Isoplexis) should be difficult to detect for insect pollinators without specialised red receptors, such as bumblebees. Contrary to
expectations if we accept that the flowers are primarily adapted to sunbird pollination, the chiffchaff (Phylloscopus canariensis) was an effective pollinator of these species. 相似文献
16.
为研究河流水-气界面CO_2通量的季节和日变化特征;于2016年7月15~17日以及2017年11月4~6日对三峡库区嘉陵江支流竹溪河进行定点定时采集表层水样,并同步监测关键环境因子,采用亨利定律结合薄边界层模型计算其水-气界面CO_2通量F(CO_2).结果表明,竹溪河表层水CO_2分压p(CO_2)及界面CO_2脱气通量呈现出显著的日间和季节变化,以及明显的日内变化特征:在上午09:00前后达到释放高峰,随后波动下降;水-气界面CO_2通量日间均值分别为(100. 9±31. 6)、(78. 6±12. 1)、(83. 9±29. 7)、(137. 5±42. 1)、(147. 6±34. 0)、(132. 4±21. 7) mmol·(m~2·d)~(-1);并表现出夏季表层水体CO_2释放通量明显低于秋季,其均值分别为(87. 8±27. 5) mmol·(m~2·d)~(-1)和(139. 2±34. 0) mmol·(m~2·d)~(-1);总体表现出大气CO_2源的特征.竹溪河p(CO_2)和F(CO_2)受到诸多环境因子的影响,相关分析表明,pH、碱度、水温和气温是主要环境影响因子,CO_2释放通量可以用pH和碱度预测. 相似文献
17.
The recently reported Jeholornis represents the only known bird with a complete long skeletal tail except for Archaeopteryx. Two newly discovered specimens referable to Jeholornis provide some important new information about its anatomy. The tail of Jeholornis is much longer than that of Archaeopteryx and comprises a maximum of 27 caudal vertebrae compared with only 23 in Archaeopteryx. More interestingly, the tail feathers are shaped more like those of dromaeosaurs than those of Archaeopteryx. We conclude that the common ancestor of birds must have a more primitive tail than that in Archaeopteryx, confirming the side branch position of Archaeopteryx in the early avian evolution. The synsacrum is composed of six sacrals, representing a transitional stage between Archaeopteryx and more advanced birds. The scapula of Jeholornis has a dorso-laterally exposed glenoid facet, and the coracoid has a supracoracoid foramen. The presence of a pair of fenestrae
in the sternum of Jeholornis has further implications for the air-sac system in early birds.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi: contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
18.
CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Mitigation and Renewable Oil from Photosynthetic Microbes: A New Appraisal 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mark E. Huntley Donald G. Redalje 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(4):573-608
The only major strategy now being seriously considered for biological mitigation of atmospheric CO2 relies entirely on terrestrial plants. Photosynthetic microbes were the focus of similar consideration in the 1990s. However,
two major government-sponsored research programs in Japan and the USA concluded that the requisite technology was not feasible,
and those programs were terminated after investing US$117 million and US$25 million, respectively. We report here on the results
of a privately funded US$20 million program that has engineered, built, and successfully operated a commercial-scale (2 ha),
modular, production system for photosynthetic microbes. The production system couples photobioreactors with open ponds in
a two-stage process – a combination that was suggested, but never attempted – and has operated continuously for several years
to produce Haematococcus pluvialis. The annually averaged rate of achieved microbial oil production from H. pluvialis is equivalent to <420 GJ ha -1 yr-1, which exceeds the most optimistic estimates of biofuel production from plantations of terrestrial ``energy crops.' The
maximum production rate achieved to date is equivalent to 1014 GJ ha-1 yr-1. We present evidence to demonstrate that a rate of 3200 GJ ha-1 yr-1 is feasible using species with known performance characteristics under conditions that prevail in the existing production
system. At this rate, it is possible to replace reliance on current fossil fuel usage equivalent to ∼300 EJ yr-1 – and eliminate fossil fuel emissions of CO2 of ∼6.5 GtC yr-1 – using only 7.3% of the surplus arable land projected to be available by 2050. By comparison, most projections of biofuels
production from terrestrial energy crops would require in excess of 80% of surplus arable land. Oil production cost is estimated
at $84/bbl, assuming no improvements in current technology. We suggest enhancements that could reduce cost to $50/bbl or less. 相似文献
19.
Suvi Monni Paula Perälä Kristiina Regina 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(4):545-571
According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol under it, industrial countries
have to estimate their greenhouse gas emissions annually, and assess the uncertainties in these estimates. In Finland, agricultural
methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions represent 7% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and globally the share is much higher. Agriculture is
one of the most uncertain emission categories (representing over 20% of greenhouse gas inventory uncertainty in Finland),
due to both high natural variability of the emission sources and poor knowledge of the emission-generating processes. In this
paper, we present an uncertainty estimate of agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions from Finland in 2002. Uncertainties were estimated based on measurement data, literature and expert judgement,
and total uncertainty in agriculture was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. According to the calculations, agricultural
CH4 and N2O emissions from Finland were 3.7 to 7.8 Tg carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents, 5.4 Tg being the mean value.Estimates of CH4 emissions are more reliable than those of N2O. N2O from agricultural soils was the most uncertain emission category, and the uncertainty was not reduced by using available
national measurement data of N2O fluxes. Sensitivity study revealed that the uncertainty in total agricultural inventory could be 7% points lower, if more
accurate emission estimation methods were used, including 1) improved data collection in area estimates of organic soils,
2) climate-specific methods for N2O from agricultural soils as already presented in literature, and 3) more detailed CH4 estimation methods for enteric fermentation which can be achieved by investigating national circumstances and digestible
systems of animals in more detail. 相似文献
20.
Kohko Tokushige Keigo Akimoto Toshimasa Tomoda 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(7):1237-1251
CO2 geological storage will be one of the cost-effective options for global warming mitigation, and this technology is under
development widely in the world. However, the technology may face the challenge of public acceptance before its implementation.
In order to evaluate the public acceptance, questionnaire surveys were conducted among Japanese university students. A cognitive
map of geological storage, together with other major global warming mitigation options, everyday life activities, etc., was
constructed by means of a statistical analysis of the responses to the questionnaire. The risk-benefit cognitive map consists
of the following factors: “risk perception,” “benefit perception,” and “public acceptance.” The risk perception is further
disaggregated into “dread risk” and “unknown risk.” Additionally, a second survey was conducted after providing the students
with additional information on global warming and CO2 geological storage, and the effects of the information on their perceptions were evaluated. The effects of risk and benefit
perceptions on public acceptance were evaluated and discussed based on the cognitive maps representing the perceptions before
and after providing the information. The analyses revealed that the benefit perception was more influential than the risk
perception on the public acceptance of CO2 geological storage. The benefit perception increased greatly after providing the information; however, the unknown risk remained
considerably large. Further, RD&D relating unknown risk, for example, the monitoring technology for stored CO2 and the risk assessment of CO2 leakage, and the supply of related information to the public would be beneficial for increasing the public acceptance. 相似文献