光助氧化处理活性染料废水的研究

活性染料污水，水质复杂、色度深、污染物难于降解。采用单一的混凝法或生化法难以达到排放标准。本研究在活性染料污水混凝法处理的基础上进行光助催化。废水中的有机物在紫外光的作用下有机物发生降解。然后进行生化处理，使活性染料废水排放达到国家标准。     

混凝和活性炭吸附深度处理制药废水中有机物去除特征

研究了混凝、活性炭吸附及其组合工艺对内蒙古某制药废水二级生化出水中有机物的去除效率,同时采用荧光光谱和凝胶色谱分析了不同技术对废水中有机物的影响。研究显示,污水中主要的有机物为微生物代谢产物、腐殖酸和富里酸,分子量在800~1 250。混凝与吸附对污水中的有机物表现出不同的去除特征,混凝无法有效去除溶解性有机物,而活性炭吸附对3种物质的去除率均达到90%以上。采用混凝和吸附组合处理后,总COD去除率达到76%,满足污水综合排放标准。     

制浆造纸工业废水的污染与防治

2.二级处理经一级处理后的废水,再经二级处理,用生化法进一步去除废水中的溶解性有机物,改善处理水水质。二级处理方式包括活性污泥法、生物膜法、氧化塘等。生化法是处理易被微生物降解的有机废水,对能被微生物降解的毒性有机物也有一定的解毒能     

臭氧预氧化处理葡萄酒废水

葡萄酒废水的季节性波动常造成生化处理系统不稳定,使传统的生化处理工艺难以满足新的污水排放标准的要求。研究了臭氧预处理工艺对葡萄酒废水的处理效果及主要控制参数,结果表明,单独的臭氧预氧化对COD几乎无去除效果,但对色度的去除可达到90%;采用O3/H2O2组合工艺可使COD的去除率提高4倍。经臭氧预处理的出水再采用SBR进行好氧处理时,出水COD能降至80 mg/L以下,COD的降解速度及程度都高于未经臭氧处理的稀释原水。高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析显示,经臭氧处理后,除麦芽糖成分被完全去除外,其他各种成分的数量变化不大;GC/MS对废水中多酚类有机物的分析显示,臭氧预处理可将大量难降解的多酚类有机物分解,从而有助于后续生化处理的出水达到更高的污水排放标准。     

混凝沉淀—气浮—生化处理洗毛废水

采用混凝沉淀－气浮－生化处理洗毛废水。混凝沉淀－气浮在进水ＣＯＤ１４５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,处理水量２０００ｍ＾３／ｄ,ＣＯＤ去除率９０％;ＨＲＴ ３２ｈ生化处理时,出水ＣＯＤ为１８７ｍｇ／ｌ,可达到污水综合排放二级标准（洗毛行业）。     

混凝-生物接触氧化处理合成橡胶碱洗废水

对化学合成橡胶碱洗废水进行了有机组分和可生化性分析,废水主要含有氯甲烷、六甲苯、异丁醇、甲醇等污染物质,生化降解实验中废水TOC可在6d内从60．9mg／L下降至0．0mg／L,可生化降解性好,适于生化处理。选择混凝．生物接触氧化组合工艺对废水进行处理,采用优化条件（pH=8、PAC=40mg／L、PAM=8mg／L）进行混凝,碱洗废水COD去除率为9．95％～72．94％（平均31．51％）;混凝后的碱洗废水与冲洗废水1：5混合进行接触氧化处理,在HRT为36h的情况下,COD去除率为65．6％-72．6％（平均70．4％）,出水COD为134～331mg／L,满足企业废水排放市政管网的要求;同时,实验发现COD去除率与COD容积负荷存在指数函数变化关系。     

电镀废水处理工程改造实例

含氰废水采用次氯酸钠氧化,含铬废水采用焦亚硫酸钠还原,然后分别加碱沉淀,出水重金属离子经常超标。改造后,将含铬废水和含氰废水分别预处理,再与前处理废水混合沉淀;上清液和生活污水混合,进入A／O系统进行生化处理,最终混凝沉淀后排放,排放水质可达《DB32／T1072--2007）要求。     

甲胺磷农药废水絮凝处理的生物可降解性

甲胺磷生产排放废水ＣＯＤ在１～１．５×１０４ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,经用聚合硫酸铁絮凝处理后废水ＣＯＤ下降１２％,经紫外分光扫描,絮凝后废水与原废水相比有机物呈均匀下降趋势。在活性污泥法的生化条件下的对比试验表明,在絮凝后甲胺磷废水ＣＯＤ高达４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上,仍可进生化池处理,生化过程甲胺磷降解速度快,生化周期缩短一半。     

聚铁混凝-臭氧-BAF对晚期垃圾渗滤液深度处理的研究

联合运用聚铁混凝-臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)对晚期垃圾场的渗滤液进行深度处理。在废水进水COD=601mg/L,色度=400倍时,提出最佳工艺条件:聚铁0.6 mL/L,臭氧用量144 mg/L,BAF停留时间7 h。研究表明,聚铁去除大部分悬浮性有机物,臭氧降解难生物降解有机物并提高废水的可生化性,BAF进一步降解有机物,最终出水COD为75 mg/L,深度处理成本仅为5.5元/t。     

印染废水处理过程中污染物及毒性分析

应用水解酸化-A/O(生物活性炭法(PACT))-混凝沉淀组合工艺处理印染废水,深入研究该组合工艺各反应段对印染废水污染物的处理情况,分别用电感耦合等离子光谱(AES/ICP)、气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)以及发光细菌法对各反应段出水所含金属元素、有机物以及毒性进行检测.结果表明,水解酸化-A/O(PACT)-混凝沉淀组合工艺可以有效降解印染废水所含污染物,降低其毒性.     

制浆造纸废水生化出水的混凝处理研究

研究了硫酸铝和三氯化铁对制浆造纸废水生化出水的处理效果.研究发现,不调节原水pH值,硫酸铝投加量为600 mg/L或三氯化铁投加量为300mg/L时,混凝后废水的COD＜150 mg/L,色度＜50倍,出水均符合现阶段排放标准.混凝剂比较发现,在最佳反应条件下,2种混凝剂的处理效果相当,但硫酸铝混凝的成本低于三氯化铁....     

酶制剂废水处理的试验研究

采用直接混凝、直接水解 -接触氧化的生化处理以及混凝 -水解 -接触氧化 3种不同工艺对某酶制剂废水进行处理。结果表明 ,针对浓度为 6 2 0 0mg/L的原水 ,用本单位的混凝剂 4号进行直接的混凝处理 ,在加入量为 10 0mg/L时可以得到 6 6 %的CODCr处理率 ;同样浓度的原水直接进行水解 -接触氧化生化处理 ,在 34h的停留时间后可以达到国家二类二级排放标准 ;经过混凝处理后的出水进行的生化实验则表明 ,达到国家排放标准的生化停留时间可缩短至 2 2h。     

Regulating colored textile wastewater by 3/31 wavelength ADMI methods in Taiwan

The wastewater from textile dyeing facilities is difficult to treat satisfactorily because of high compositional variability and high color intensity. To reduce colored effluents discharged into watercourses, the government of Taiwan adopted the Effluent True Color Standard in 1998. The true color discharge limit is 400 American Dye Manufactures Institute (ADMI) units. The adopted analytical method is the ADMI Tristimulus Filter Method (3 wavelength (WL) method), and the 31 WL ADMI method might be also adopted as an alternative for color value measurement. The refractory nature of textile dyes and the introduction of this new regulation present an environmental challenge to the Taiwanese textile industry. The main objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the efficacy of current wastewater treatment systems for controlling the colored textile wastewater discharges, and (2) evaluate the correlations between 3 and 31 WL ADMI methods. Ten representative textile wastewater treatment facilities employing biological and chemical coagulation treatment technologies were selected to perform a 10-consecutive-day effluent sampling and analysis. Results show that a significant difference between 3 and 31 ADMI methods was observed. These two ADMI methods cannot be substituted for each other, and the discharge standard should be determined based on the selected testing method. Investigation results also suggest that the commonly used wastewater treatment technology (biological + chemical coagulation) fails to effectively remove dye from the colored textile wastewater. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) addition was applied by most facilities as the temporary post-polishment step to comply with the color discharge standard.     

铁炭微电解工艺处理采油废水的研究

随着采油废水产生量的逐渐增大以及排放标准的日益严格,寻找一种经济、高效的处理方法显得十分必要。采用铁炭微电解技术对冀东油田采油废水进行了处理。考察了铁屑粒径、pH值、Fe/C质量比和反应时间对COD去除率的影响并设计了正交实验,结果表明,影响微电解工艺的因素主次关系为:pH>Fe/C质量比>反应时间,在最佳条件pH=5,Fe/C质量比为7∶1,反应时间50 min下,原水COD由170 mg/L降至95.6 mg/L,去除率达43.85%,出水满足国家二级排放标准。     

化学-混凝沉淀处理含氟含重金属废水研究

为解决某铝材电镀工业园含氟含重金属废水达标排放的问题,研究了化学混凝沉淀法同时处理该废水中氟与金属的效果及影响因素,采用正交和单因素实验确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明,当CaCl₂投加量与废水中氟离子摩尔比为5∶1（即CaCl_{质量4 782 mg/L）,聚氯化铝（PAC）用量为500 mg/L,pH为9.5,聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）用量2 mg/L时,出水中残留F离子浓度可降至8 mg/L,Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cr⁶⁺和Zn²⁺出水浓度分别降至0.05、0.07、0.3和0.1 mg/L,出水能达到《水污染物排放限值》（DB44/26-2001）第二时段一级标准,且最为经济。}     

废纸造纸废水处理工程应用

报道了自制混凝剂产品处理废纸造纸废水的工程应用情况。经过 1年多的运行结果表明 ,当进水CODCr、悬浮物浓度分别为 972mg/L、82 5mg/L以及色度为 3 0 0倍时 ,采用该工艺处理后 ,CODCr去除率平均为 95 .7% ,SS去除率平均为 98.9% ,色度去除率平均为 99.3 % ,出水水质远低于国家一级排放标准 (GB3 5 44 - 92 ) ,并且工厂实践表明 ,对生产有显著的效益 ,从而证明该方法对于废纸造纸废水的处理是可行的。该处理工艺设备简单 ,系统运行稳定 ,操作方便 ,成本低     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液物化深度处理研究

通过Fenton法和结合聚合硫酸铁的混凝作用,实现垃圾渗滤液氧化塘出水COD的深度处理;并利用水泥水化产物的凝胶物质,强化COD去除率。30％H2O2投加量为0．75mL／L、七水硫酸亚铁投加量为1．5g／L、n（H2O2）：n（Fe^2＋）=1．2：1（摩尔比）时,Fenton法对渗滤液COD的去除率可达52％;水灰比为2：1、搅拌24h的水泥水化物将Fenton法的出水pH值从4调至10,该工艺流程总的COD去除率为73．6％,较普通的Ca（OH）2调节法提高9．3％,出水COD可以从进水的1200mg／L降至315mg／L。     

The development and application of centrifugal flotation systems in wastewater treatment

Flotation as a wastewater treatment technique is designed to remove all particles generally encountered as very fine emulsions, suspended solids, and colloids from wastewater. Historically, Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) has been used to achieve this removal. More recently, other flotation techniques such as induced air, electro, cavitational, and Centrifugal Flotation Systems (CFS) have been applied in wastewater treatment. CFS use centrifugal force to enhance mixing of particles and bubbles with treatment chemicals and accelerate solid/liquid separation. In the most recent design, centrifugal hydrocyclone mixing was combined with small dissolved-air flotation bubbles leading to the development of the hybrid, dissolved-air centrifugal flotation.     

混凝搅拌内部流场数值模拟分析

通过对圆形搅拌容器内部流场的数值模拟,从湍流速度场、湍动耗散率和湍动能3个角度来分析该容器内的二维空间流态变化,及其对混凝过程中颗粒碰撞和絮体成长的影响,针对其不足之处,提出改进模型:方形、圆形挡板、多边形、圆角和方形导流板模型,并分别比较各模型在不同转速下的内部流场的变化。结果表明,在相同截面积的条件下,圆角模型更有利于颗粒的碰撞粘结和絮体的成长。     

Treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater by electrocoagulation: system performances and sludge settling characteristics

Treatment of copper chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater from a semiconductor plant by electrocoagulation is investigated. The CMP wastewater was characterized by high suspended solids (SS) content, high turbidity (NTU), chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration up to 500 mgl(-1) and copper concentration up to 100 mgl(-1). In the present study, electrocoagulation was employed to treat the CMP wastewater with an attempt to simultaneously lower its turbidity, copper and COD concentrations. The test results indicated that electrocoagulation with Al/Fe electrode pair was very efficient and able to achieve 99% copper ion and 96.5% turbidity removal in less than 30 min. The COD removal obtained in the treatment was better than 85%, with an effluent COD below 100 mgl(-1). The effluent wastewater was very clear and its quality exceeded the direct discharge standard. In addition, sludge settling velocities after electrocoagulation were measured and the data were employed to verify the empirical sludge settling velocity models. Finally, the sludge settling characteristic data were also utilized to establish the relation between the solids flux (G) and the initial solids concentration.