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1.
利用Fluent软件对一种脱硫塔顺流、逆流及混流喷淋的液柱塔空塔的流场进行三维数值模拟。在计算中选择κ-ε模型作为计算模型。用SIMPLE算法进行计算。计算结果表明,液柱塔形状对流场有很大的影响,此结果对现场运行以及液柱塔的优化设计有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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试验研究简易湿式脱硫技术中各种参数对脱硫塔阻力和脱硫效率的影响规律,并分析了脱硫塔内的气体速度分布状况。结果表明脱硫塔阻力小于300Pa,脱硫效率大于50%,是一种投资省,阻力低,占地少,适合我国国情扔脱硫技术,具有广阔的开发应用前景。 相似文献
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介绍了烟气脱硫系统中三种主要的吸收塔类型,及烟气在吸收塔中停留时间和喷淋吸收区高度的计算方法。简述了液气比与气速、烟气中SO2含量的关系,并列举了喷淋塔、动力波塔和平流塔等工程实例。 相似文献
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生物膜填料塔启动及烟气脱硫研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
进行了生物膜填料塔挂膜启动及烟气脱硫实验研究。循环液的Fe2+的氧化速率与吸光度有明显的相关性,同时,压力损失和pH也是挂膜启动完成的重要指标。通入低浓度SO2气体驯化后,脱硫率可达到90%以上,Fe2+氧化速率维持在0.2g/(L.h)左右,连续保持7d,挂膜启动完成。脱硫实验结果表明,在SO2入口质量浓度小于2 000m g/m3、喷淋液中Fe2+浓度大于或等于0.06m o l/L、喷淋率约为12L/(m3.h)、空塔气速约为0.15m/s的条件下,脱硫率可达96%以上。当喷淋液循环使用7次后,必须补充新鲜营养液,以保证较高的脱硫率。 相似文献
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密相烟气颗粒团聚及破碎方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对半干法烟气脱硫过程中脱硫刺利用率低的问题,从密相烟气颗粒团聚及破碎机理出发,提出了一套能够有效打碎颗粒团、强化烟气和脱硫剂接触的破碎机构。利用CFX软件模拟了破碎机构的形状、尺寸及排列方式等对气固接触的影响。模拟给出了脱硫塔内流场的变化,模拟的各种结构中三角形机构能够有效地打破颗粒团。 相似文献
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以某火电厂2×660MW机组循环流化床干法脱硫气流模拟试验为研究对象,采用速度分布不均匀度的概念,详细研究各种工况下入口烟道导流形式对脱硫塔文丘里速度场分布的影响。研究表明。通过合理设置入口烟道的导流装置,可满足各种工况下CFB-FGD脱硫塔的文丘里管段和反应器段的气流均布,为干法脱硫大型化的气流分布试验研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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《Spill Science & Technology Bulletin》1999,5(2):141-151
The burning rate of a slick of oil on a water bed is calculated by a simple expression derived from a one-dimensional heat conduction equation. Heat feedback from the flame to the surface is assumed to be a constant fraction of the total energy released by the combustion reaction. The constant fraction (χ) is named the burning efficiency and represents an important tool in assessing the potential of in situ burning as a counter-measure to an oil-spill. The total heat release, as a function of the pool diameter, is obtained from an existing correlation. It is assumed that radiative heat is absorbed close to the fuel surface, that conduction is the dominant mode of heat transfer in the liquid phase and that the fuel boiling temperature remains constant. By matching the characteristic thermal penetration length scale for the fuel/water system and an equivalent single layer system, a combined thermal diffusivity can be calculated and used to obtain an analytical solution for the burning rate. Theoretical expressions were correlated with crude oil and heating oil, for a number of pool diameters and initial fuel layer thickness. Experiments were also conducted with emulsified and weathered crude oil. The simple analytical expression describes well the effects of pool diameter and initial fuel layer thickness permitting a better observation of the effects of weathering, emulsification and net heat feedback to the fuel surface. Experiments showed that only a small fraction of the heat released by the flame is retained by the fuel layer and water bed (of the order of 1%). The effect of weathering on the burning rate decreases with the weathering period and that emulsification results in a linear decrease of the burning rate with water content. 相似文献
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The degradation of cellulose (a substantial component of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste) under alkaline conditions
occurs via two main processes: a peeling-off reaction and a basecatalyzed cleavage of glycosidic bonds (hydrolysis). Both
processes show pseudo-first-order kinetics. At ambient temperature, the peeling-off process is the dominant degradation mechanism,
resulting in the formation of mainly isosaccharinic acid. The degradation depends strongly on the degree of polymerization
(DP) and on the number of reducing end groups present in cellulose. Beyond pH 12.5, the OH- concentration has only a minor effect on the degradation rate. It was estimated that under repository conditions (alkaline
environment, pH 13.3-12.5) about 10% of the cellulosic materials (average DP = 1000-2000) will degrade in the first stage
(up to 105 years) by the peeling-off reaction and will cause an ingrowth of isosaccharinic acid in the interstitial cement pore water.
In the second stage (105-106 years), alkaline hydrolysis will control the further degradation of the cellulose. The potential role of microorganisms in
the degradation of cellulose under alkaline conditions could not be evaluated. Proper assessment of the effect of cellulose
degradation on the mobilization of radionuclides basically requires knowing the concentration of isosaccharinic acid in the
pore water. This concentration, however, depends on several factors such as the stability of ISA under alkaline conditions,
sorption of ISA on cement, formation of sparingly soluble ISA-salts, etc. A discussion of all the relevant processes involved,
however, is far beyond the scope of the presented overview. 相似文献
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Deepak Srivastava 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(1):27-33
Six film samples of low-density polypropylene (LDPE)/linear LDPE (LLDPE)/high-density polypropylene (HDPE) with varying ratios of LDPE (20–45 ... wt%) and LLDPE (25–50 wt%) having a fixed amount of HDPE at 30 wt% were prepared by blown film extrusion technique. The samples were aged at four different temperatures, 55°, 70°, 85°, and 100°C, for four different time periods in the interval of between 150 hours and up to 600 hours. The change in the structure of various constituents and the formation of various oxygenated (peroxy and hydroperoxy) and unsaturated groups during thermo-oxidative degradation was discussed by infrared spectroscopy. The visiosity-average molecular weight was found to have decreased slowly in the initial aging hours and temperatures, whereas it decreased by 10% with its previous value tensile strength that is, 100°C when aged for 600 hours. The tensile strength of the sample first increased by 67% at 55°C and 89% at 70°C up to 450 hours, whereas the values increased by 52.5% at 85°C and 33.9% at 100°C when aged for 150 hours and then decreased. The percentage elongation at break increased by 2.7% at 55°C and 10.7% at 70°C for 150 and 300 hours of aging, respectively, whereas the percentage decreased when aged at 85°C and 100°C for up to 600 hours of aging. The values of gel content (percent) increased and initial degradation temperature decreased with aging time and temperature. 相似文献
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S. Urstadt J. Augusta R. -J. Müller W. -D. Deckwer 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1995,3(3):121-131
Establishing carbon balances has been proven to be an applicable and powerful tool in testing biodegradability of polymers. In controlled degradation tests at a 4-L scale with the model polymer poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), it was shown that the degree of degradation could not be determined with satisfactory accuracy from CO2 release alone. Instead, the course of degradation was characterized by means of establishing carbon balances for the degradation of PHB withAcidovorax facilis and a mixed culture derived from compost. Different analytical methods for determining the different carbon fractions were adapted to the particular test conditions and compared. Quantitative determination of biomass and residual polymer were the main problems in establishing carbon balances. Amounts of biomass derived from protein measurements depend strongly on assumptions of the protein content of the biomass. Selective oxidation of biomass with hypochlorite was used as alternative, but here problems arose from insoluble metabolic products. Determination of soluble components with the method of chemical oxygen demand (COD) also includes empirical assumptions but seems acceptable if the dissolved carbon fraction is in the range of some 10% total carbon. Results confirm both analytical assays and theoretical approaches, in ending up at values very close to 100%, within an acceptable standard deviation range under test conditions comparable to standard test practice.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts. 相似文献
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Ülis Sõukand Pille Kängsepp Rutt Kakum Toomas Tenno Lennart Mathiasson William Hogland 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(1):57-65
The simultaneous adsorption of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) ions from spiked deionized water and
spiked leachate onto natural materials (peat A and B), by-product or waste materials (carbon-containing ash, paper pellets,
pine bark, and semi-coke), and synthetic materials (based on urea-formaldehyde resins, called blue and red adsorbents) or
mixtures thereof was investigated. The adsorbents that gave the highest metal removal efficiencies were peat A, a mixture
of peat B and carbon-containing ash, and a mixture of peat A and blue. At an initial concentration of 5 mg/l for each metal,
the removal of each species of metal ion from spiked water and spiked leachate solutions was very good (>90%) and good (>75%),
respectively. When the initial concentration of each metal in the solutions was twenty times higher (100 mg/l), there was
a noticeable decrease in the removal efficiency of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+, but not of Pb2+. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities, qm, on peat A were found to be 0.57, 0.37, and 0.36 mmol/g for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+, respectively. The order of metal adsorption capacity on peat A was the same in the case of competitive multimetal adsorption
conditions as it was for single-element adsorption, namely Pb2+ > Cd2+ ≥ Ni2+. The results show that peat alone (an inexpensive adsorbent) is a good adsorbent for heavy metal ions. 相似文献
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采用结构化/非结构化混合网格技术、多孔介质模型及k-ε两方程湍流模型,对某袋式除尘器及进出口管道内的气体流场进行了数值计算.计算结果表明,合理布置导流板后,袋式除尘器两箱体流量偏差为1.8%;除尘器下游滤袋单元处理气量偏大,中游滤袋单元处理气量较小,最大流量与最小流量偏差为22.3%;靠近除尘器进口处灰斗内存在气流回流特性,易造成粉尘的二次附着现象. 相似文献
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The chemical recycling of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to its monomer is crucial to reduce both the consumption of renewable resources for the monomer synthesis and the environmental impact related to its production and disposal. In particular, the production of lactic acid from PLA wastes, rather than from virgin raw materials, it is also possible to achieve considerable primary energy savings. The focus of this work is to analyse deeply the PLA hydrolytic decomposition by means of a kinetic model based on two reactions mechanism. To this end, new experimental data have been gathered in order to investigate a wider temperature range (from 140 to 180 °C) and to extend the water/PLA ratio up to 50 % of PLA by weight. The reported results clearly highlight that more than 95 % of PLA is hydrolyzed to water-soluble lactic acid within 120 min, when it is hydrolyzed within 160–180 °C. Furthermore, the kinetic constant is highly influenced by reaction temperature. The proposed “two reactions” kinetic mechanism complies satisfactorily with the experimental data under analysis. 相似文献
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The effects of temperature on the release of chemical components of six solid organic materials under conditions of oversaturation were investigated in this paper. The six materials were peat moss (PM), weathered coals (WC), charred rice husks (CRH), sawdust (Sd), turfgrass clippings (TC), and chicken manure (CM). Significant differences were observed in the available nitrogen and phosphorus content of the aqueous extracts of organic materials at different temperatures. The available nitrogen content in aqueous extracts of PM and WC at 25 °C was higher than that registered at 15 °C and 35 °C. Available nitrogen content in the aqueous extracts of CRH, Sd, TC, and WC at 35 °C was higher than at 15 °C and 25 °C. The available phosphorus content in the aqueous extracts of organic materials at 35 °C was higher than that available at 15 °C and 25 °C, with the exception of Sd. In addition, the release of available phosphorus in the aqueous solution of organic materials at different temperatures varied constantly for 108 h. The release of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) ions in the aqueous extracts of organic materials was basically steady over time, with the exception of CM. High temperature (35 °C) may significantly hasten the release of K+ from organic substrates (except for WC) with low temperatures significantly inhibiting release of K+ in Sd and CRH. High temperatures (35 °C) might significantly facilitate the release of Na+ in CM and TC. However, no significant differences were manifested in the release of Na+ from organic substrates at different temperatures, with the exception of CM and TC. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the release of calcium, magnesium and iron ions with time, nor were there any significant differences in the contents of iron ions in the aqueous extracts of organic materials at different temperatures. The results indicate that multiple mediums should be pretreated in water for a week before being used for planting. They should be used when all mineral elements of organic materials are steady and ignoring the effect of organic mediums. 相似文献
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Somani Mohit Datta Manoj Ramana G. V. Hölzle Ingo Sundaram Ravi Sreekrishnan T. R. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):1902-1912
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study characterizes the municipal solid waste (MSW) accumulated for more than 25 years at Bhalswa dumpsite, Delhi, India. 50... 相似文献