银基海泡石NOx催化还原催化剂的研究

以海泡石为载体制备了负载型银催化剂 ,对载体和催化剂进行了表征 ,对这种催化剂催化还原NOx的活性进行了评价 ,对制备条件及其活性的影响进行了研究。     

ERS-2 SAR和Landsat ETM+数据融合提取崇明东滩典型地物信息与分类

以长江口崇明东滩为研究区,在分析崇明东滩典型地物的反射光谱特性和散射特性的基础上,对ERS-2 SAR数据和Landsat ETM＋数据分别进行了处理,其中对ERS-2 SAR数据进行了小波去噪处理和纹理特征信息的提取,对ETM＋数据进行了HIS彩色空间变换,然后在特征级层次上对两者进行了信息融合,最后对融合后的图像进行了典型地物信息的提取,并且根据我们野外实地调查数据和已有的研究成果,对本文的分类结果进行了评价,取得了满意的效果。     

油气管道管理探索

结合生产实际,对油田的油气压力管道的类型进行了分类,区分出风险梯度,找出管理的重点;对集输气管道的现状进行分析,找出了存在的主要问题。介绍了GPS、GIS信息系统的建设过程及其运行情况,同时还对当前管道治理的难点进行了分析,对如何进行宣传、治理、应急管理进行了简要说明。     

着陆气囊的缓冲机理与技术分析

对着陆气囊缓冲的作用机理和缓冲技术进行了对比分析,并且按照对着陆气囊的排气控制的形式、气囊集气方式以及2种方式相结合的形式对着陆缓冲气囊进行了分类;对当前国内外主要的着陆气囊进行了总结,并对其相应的着陆缓冲技术进行了分析;对着陆气囊缓冲技术的发展现状进行了分析总结,并提出了着陆气囊缓冲技术的发展趋势.     

解构主义视角下韦努蒂翻译伦理观研究

通过对解构主义的深入理解,阐释了解构主义对翻译学的重要作用,而后以解构主义的视角对韦努蒂的翻译理论进行了深度的探讨与分析,从伦理观的深层意义上对翻译学进行了重要研究,旨在对翻译进行更好的指导。     

珠江流域水污染现状与主要问题成因分析

对珠江流域在云南省境内的主要河流的水环境现状进行了分析,对主要污染物排放量、入河量进行了测算,对污染物的来源构成、空间分布及其特征进行了分析,在此基础上对主要环境问题进行系统地识别,分析造成水体污染的原因。     

ChemiRisk风险评估工具在石化行业的应用

对ChemiRisk职业危害风险评估工具进行了介绍,利用ChemiRisk对石化行业的典型作业进行了风险评估实际应用,对ChemiRisk在石化行业中的适应性问题进行了探讨。     

原油管道减阻剂加剂作业风险辨识与评估

对原油管道减阻剂加剂装置及加剂作业进行了风险辨识,对加剂装置的工艺及设备进行了安全分析,采用工作危害分析方法对加剂作业进行了风险评估,并针对存在的主要风险点提出了相应的对策措施。     

城市噪声污染的成因与防治措施

本文从城市噪声的危害性出发,对城市噪声进行了分类,并对城市噪声的成因进行了分析,进一步探讨了进行城市噪声防治的有效措施。     

重气扩散研究综述

在分析重气形成原因的基础上,对影响重气扩散的因素进行了分析;对目前国外进行的大型重气扩散实验进行了简单的描述,在实验的基础上,对开发的重气扩散模型做了介绍,并对各类模型的优缺点以及基本原理进行了概括;最后提出重气扩散的研究方向.     

中国资源型城市的高质量发展：困境与突破

资源型城市的高质量发展具有重大的战略意义。为清晰认识中国资源型城市转型存在的问题以及高质量发展的路径,邀请来自不同领域的十位专家就当前资源型城市高质量发展的主要困境与突破路径等研究前沿进行访谈,访谈结果表明：中国资源型城市转型取得了巨大成绩,但距离高质量发展的要求仍有较大距离,突出表现在经济发展仍未能摆脱资源依赖的发展路径、推动高质量发展的新要素集聚偏弱和碳减排目标下资源型城市的内、外部均面临着巨大的压力;新时期需要重新认识资源型城市的作用和地位,提升资源型城市保障国家资源能源安全的能力;在深刻把握传统资源禀赋概念内涵基础上实现对新资源体系的再认知,注意挖掘新资源,充实资源型城市研究的新知识体系;要针对不同类型的资源型城市的发展条件,分类施策,因地制宜推动资源型城市的创新发展;要继续提高经济增长的就业弹性,增强经济发展拉动就业的能力,并充分重视就业机会的创造和培育;要加快探索绿色、高效的转型发展道路,同步实现“存量”的绿色化和“增量”的绿色性;要综合考虑资源型城市开发基础和要素资源条件,从传统的“增长和扩张型”转变为“高效增长与精明收缩结合型”发展模式;要整合新数据与新技术方法科学/智...     

当代环境规划的定义、作用与特征分析

环境规划可定义为人类为使环境与经济、社会协调发展而对自身活动和环境所做的时间和空间的合理安排．它遵循和追求的战略思想和根本目标是可持续发展;它的基本出发点是保障人们享用环境权和公正地规定享用环境经济权时所应遵守的义务;它的基本任务是依据有限的环境承载力,规定人们经济和社会活动的约束要求,并提出保护和建设环境的方案．环境规划的作用是促进环境与经济、社会的协调发展;保障环境保护活动纳入国民经济和社会发展计划;合理分配排污削减量;以最小的投资获取最佳的环境效应;指导各项环境保护活动的进行．针对环境规划具有的整体性、综合性、区域性、动态性以及信息密集和政策性强等基本特征,分析了环境规划在分类、理论、原则、内容、方法学、支撑软件、工作程序和管理上所采取的对策．     

Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques,with special emphasis on the Nakdong River

Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity. During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River.     

The water-energy-food nexus: Is the increasing attention warranted,from either a research or policy perspective?

In recent years, the notion of a nexus involving water, energy, and food has been gaining attention in the scholarly literature and popular press, due partly to the impetus provided by an international conference on the nexus in 2011, and partly to the increasing interest among researchers and public officials in determining the investments and policies needed to achieve and sustain water, energy, and food security. While the notion of such a nexus is compelling to some observers, interactions involving water, energy, and food have been known and studied for many years by scientists and policy analysts. The need for greater integration of research and policy discourse across sectors and regions has been expressed in international meetings since the late 1940s. In addition, the conceptual basis for including water, energy, and food in the “nexus,” to the exclusion of other resources and inputs is not evident. In many cases, the information excluded from studies claiming to implement a nexus approach might be of greater importance to science and policy than the information included in the analysis. In this paper, I review some of the experience gained in earlier attempts to enhance integration and policy coherence, and to promote systems analysis. The challenges observed in implementing programs of integrated natural resources management (INRM) and integrated water resources management (IWRM), in particular, suggest that efforts to implement a water-energy-food nexus approach will not enhance the policy process in all settings. In sum, it is not clear that the increasing attention given to studies claiming to implement a nexus approach is warranted.     

The 10-tenets of adaptive management and sustainability: An holistic framework for understanding and managing the socio-ecological system

The three basic principles of sustainable development, relating to ecology, economy and society, have long been embedded within national and international strategies. In recent years we have augmented these principles by a further seven considerations giving rise to the so-called 10-tenets of sustainable management. Whilst theoretically appealing, discussion of the tenets to date has been largely generic and qualitative and, until the present paper, there has been no formal and quantitative application of these tenets to an actual example. To promote the concept of successful and sustainable environmental management there is the need to develop a robust and practical framework to accommodate value judgements relating to each of the tenets. Although, as originally presented, the tenets relate specifically to management measures, they may also be applied directly to a specific development or activity. This paper examines the application of the tenets in both of these contexts, and considers their incorporation into an assessment tool to help visualise and quantify issues of sustainability.     

麦秸烟尘中正构脂肪醇和正构烯烃的化学组成

对6种麦草开展了燃烧试验,测定了烟尘(PM 2.5)中正构脂肪醇和正构烯烃的化学组成.结果显示,在明火PM 2.5中正构脂肪醇由C8~C32组成.其总含量为381.1~30178.6mg/kg,平均为10011.3mg/kg.C24/C28、C26/C28、C28/∑等百分比的变化范围分别为4.1%~69.6%、0.9%~9.8%、45.3%~92.8%.正构脂肪醇呈单峰型分布,C28是主峰碳(Cmax).其CPI值在25.8~133.0间变化,平均为56.1.在闷烧PM 2.5中正构脂肪醇由C8~C32组成.其总含量为944.4~135858.2mg/kg,平均为28160.2mg/kg.C24/C28、C26/C28、C28/∑等百分比的变化范围分别为2.4%~22.2%、0.6%~8.6%、70.8%~95.7%.正构脂肪醇的分布模式与明火PM 2.5的相同.其CPI值分布于23.1~266.6间,平均为82.4.明火PM 2.5中的正构烯烃由C17~C29组成.其总含量在67.1~733.0mg/kg之间变动,平均为261.8mg/kg.低碳数与高碳数正构烯烃的含量之比(L/H)为0.8~2.2,平均值为1.5.正构烯烃呈单峰式分布,Cmax以C24为主,C22次之.其CPI值分布于0.9~1.6之间,平均为1.2.闷烧PM 2.5中的正构烯烃由C16~C29组成.其总含量分布于273.9~862.4mg/kg之间,平均为574.1mg/kg.其L/H比值在0.5~2.2之间波动,平均值为1.6.正构烯烃的分布模式与明火PM 2.5类似,但Cmax以C22为主,C24次之.其CPI值的变化区间是1.0~2.1,平均值为1.2.C24/C28、C26/C28、C28/∑等指标对于识别气溶胶中麦草燃烧来源的正构脂肪醇具有参考意义.利用Cmax可区分麦秸在明火和闷烧条件下生成的正构烯烃.     

黄土高原生态环境的恶化及其对策

由于种种原因,黄土高原生态环境脆弱现象日益扩张,水土流失、沙漠化、干旱、沙尘暴等灾害频繁发生,生态环境的可持续性引起了科技工作者的关注。利用历史资料,从黄土高原2000a左右的自然灾害发生频率、森林植被的严重破坏、土壤侵蚀的不断加剧、人口的无限制增长以及近几十年来黄河的频繁断流等几个方面出发,说明了黄土高原生态环境在这些重要因素的影响下,表现出明显的不可持续性发展,并提出了相应的防治对策,包括加强人口控制、加快植被的恢复与重建、节约利用水资源以及提高利用效率等。该研究的目的并非消极悲观,而是正确认识黄土高原生态环境的演变历史,树立国民的环境忧患意识和可持续发展的思想,为实现黄土高原的生态安全和持续发展提供科学依据。     

Denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources in a pre-denitrification process

The aim of this study is to investigate the denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources and to estimate the denitrification potential for the predenitrification system using nitrate utilization rate （NUR） batch tests. It is shown that the denitrification potential can be substantially increased with the addition of three external carbon sources, i.e. methanol, ethanol, and acetate, and the denitrification rates of ethanol, acetate, and methanol reached up to 9.6, 12, and 3.2 mgN/（g VSS.h）, respectively, while that of starch wastewater was only 0.74 mgN/（g VSS,h）. By comparison, ethanol was found to be the best external carbon source. NUR batch tests with starch wastewater and waste ethanol were carried out. The denitfification potential increased from 5.6 to 16.5 mg NO3-N/L owing to waste ethanol addition. By means of NUR tests, the wastewater characteristics and kinetic parameters can be estimated, which are used to determine the denitrification potential of wastewater, to calculate the denitrification potential of the plant and to predict the nitrate effluent quality, as well as provide information for developing carbon dosage control strategy.     

秸秆燃烧排放的正构烷烃及其碳同位素组成特征

为了探讨生物质燃烧过程中正构烷烃化学组成及其碳同位素的变化规律,对4种玉米秸秆进行了室内焚烧实验,用GC-MS和GC/C/IRMS方法对燃烧前后的样品进行测定.结果表明,秸秆中正构烷烃的碳数为C13~C35,分布形态为单峰型,主峰碳数为C31.正构烷烃的碳优势指数(CPI)值为1.1~5.3,平均碳链长度(ACL)为25.1~28.8.明火烟尘中正构烷烃的碳数为C14~C35,呈双峰型分布,2个主峰碳数分别是C18和C31.其CPI值为1.0~2.4,ACL值为23.0~26.8.正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值为-20.1‰~-33.5‰.闷烧烟尘中正构烷烃的碳数是C12~C35,CPI值为2.2~4.8,ACL值为26.6~28.9.其含量呈双峰式分布,2个主峰碳数分别是C22/C23、C31.正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值为-21.5‰~-32.5‰.在明火烟尘和闷烧烟尘中,正构烷烃的单体碳同位素组成与原秸秆中同碳数正构烷烃的差值分别为-13.8‰~5.4‰、-6.7‰~ -5.1‰.2种烟尘中正构烷烃的化学组成与碳同位素分布都与原玉米秸秆有着显著的差别.     

论我国用汞总量的削减

分析比较了我国的用汞数量、世界汞的产量及用量的统计数据,从汞本身的污染危害性,我国用汞和污染现状及发展趋势,以及应对全球限汞、禁汞趋势等方面论述了我国用汞总量亟待削减和削减的可行性。并以体温计行业为例,提出了我国削减用汞总量的具体建议:控制生产规模,慎批新建涉汞加工利用的生产项目,并逐渐淘汰生产规模过小的企业;充分运用法律和行政管理手段,逐渐提升对涉汞企业的要求,将最低环保门槛与择优审批相结合;严格限制某些含汞产品的销售和使用;大力推广替代产品和技术;组织对废弃产品中的汞进行集中回收和处置;修订和制订相关涉汞标准;制订我国涉汞行业的用汞削减规划和相应的产业调整计划,逐步限汞,最终禁汞。