利用废氨水与石灰窑窑气生产碳酸氨铵

利用石灰窑窑气与焦化系统的废氨水生产碳酸氨铵，在反应温度２８－３５℃，压力０．４５－０．５０ＭＰ隶浓度１６－２０％的条件下，可制得含氮量大于１７．１０％、含水量低于４％的碳酸氢铵。生产实践证明，该生产技术成熟可行，投资省、产品成本低，具有较好的经济盗和环境效益。     

利用废氨水与石灰窑窑气生产碳酸氢铵

利用石灰窑窑气与焦化系统的废氨水生产碳酸氢铵，在反应温度２８－３５℃、压力０．４５－０．５０ＭＰａ、氨水浓度１６％－２０％的条件下，可制得含氮量大于１７．１０％、含水量低于４％的碳酸氢铵。生产实践证明，该生产技术成熟可行，投资省，产品成本低，具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

2万吨／年废氨水处理工艺的设计

广西化工设计院为广西河池氮肥厂设计了一套废氨水处理装置,将14％废(?)水加工成液氨,既利用了资源又消除了对水源的污染。本文介绍了处理原理、工艺流程与控制指标,并较详细地介绍了精馏塔、氨冷凝器、溶液热交换器等主要工艺设备的设计计算,这对目前氮肥工业稀氨水的处理有一定的参考价值。     

焦化厂剩余氨水预处理新工艺

焦化生产中的主要废水之一——剩余氨水 ,污染物浓度高、数量大 ,国内传统处理方法是先用直接蒸汽蒸馏 ,再用生化或其他方法处理 ,但直接蒸汽蒸馏法耗用蒸汽量大 ,设备腐蚀严重 ,运行费用高。为了更经济、有效地对剩余氨水进行预处理 ,我们研究开发成功煤气解吸法 ,使用效果良好。1　工艺流程　　剩余氨水中含有 NH3、铵盐、H2 S、CO2 、HCN等成分 ,加入 Na OH溶液后铵盐可转化为 NH3。把剩余氨水间接预热至 85～ 90℃后送入解吸塔 ,通过穿流式筛板与煤气逆流接触 ,NH3、HCN、H2 S等污染物由水相进入气相 ,经冷却后大部分随冷凝液…     

从锅炉烟气氨法脱硫副产物中回收氨水的方法

该发明公开了一种从废水、污水或泥渣，特别是从锅炉烟气氨法脱硫副产物中回收氨水的方法。其步骤为：（1）将氨法脱硫废水沉淀后的混合溶液由回水泵送入反应容器；（2）将石灰原料制成石灰乳浆液；（3）向反应容器中加入反应所需的石灰乳浆液，对其加热搅拌，进行反应，收集反应产生的氨气并将其导入氨法脱硫系统中的配液罐中用于脱硫剂的配制；     

采用絮状锰悬浊液催化剂空气氧化处理含硫废水

探讨了一种快速降解含硫废水中硫化物的新方法。用可溶性二价锰盐在pH为10．5－12．0时曝气,制得絮状锰悬浊液催化剂。使用该催化剂可将废水中S^2-的氧化反应速率大为提高,反应时间大为缩短,S^2-去除率几近100％;同时还可大大降低废水的COD,因此可大大降低生化处理系统的负荷。处理S^2-质量浓度为50－2000mg/L含硫废水的最佳工艺条件：絮状锰悬浊液催化剂与废水的体积比为0．8－1．0,pH为10－12,曝气量为50L/h左右,反应温度为15－45℃。絮状锰悬浊液催化剂可循环使用。     

在十二烷基硫酸钠存在下用5—Br—PADAP为配体分光光度法测定Cd^2＋

Cd2+与2－（5－溴－2－吡淀偶氮）－5－二乙氨基酚（5－Br－PADAP）反应可被十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）增敏，反应的最佳pH范围为9－11。生成的鳌合物在558mm有最大吸收，符合比耳定律的浓度范围为0．02～0．8μg／ml，摩尔吸光系数为2．0×105／mol·cm，桑德尔灵敏度为0．56mg／cm2。金属对配体的螯合比为1：2，本文提出了一个灵敏、简单的衡量Cd2+测定方法，所建立的方法已用于自来水，灰水和电镀废水中Cd2+的分析。     

γ酸废水的综合利用

用PCW－2萃取剂对γ酸（2－氨基－8－萘酚－6－磺酸）废水进行了一级萃取,废话水的COD去除率大于97％,萃取液用碱液反萃加收γ酸产品,每立方米废水回收4kgγ酸,加收产品中γ酸的质量分数大于96％,符合工业品质量要求,回收过程运行费用低,具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

用弱碱性离子交换树脂分离2-萘磺酸的研究

介绍了采用弱碱性离子交换树脂回收2－萘磺酸废水中的2－萘磺酸的试验研究。进行了pH、交换温度、共存阴离子等影响因素的条件试验及树脂再生试验,在较佳条件下,2－萘磺酸交换吸附率达98％以上,洗脱率接近100％。     

环保型多功能水处理剂的合成

以丙烯酸（AA）、2－丙烯酰胺基－2－甲基－丙磺酸（AMPS）、次磷酸钠及过硫酸钠为原料,合成了一种含膦基、羧基和磺酸基的多功能水处理剂。探讨了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对合成产品阻垢性能的影响,反应温度为100℃、反应时间为4h、单体质量比AA∶AMPS＝3∶1、Na2S2O8∶nAH2PO2∶(AA AMPS)=2.5∶15∶100时,该聚合物阻CaCO3、Ca3(PO4)2及锌盐沉积的综合性能最佳。     

Evaluation of energy recovery and CO2 reduction potential in Japan through integrated waste and utility management

This paper examines the potential of integrated waste and utility power management over the mid-term planning horizon in Japan. Energy recovery and CO₂ emission reduction were estimated under two situations: (1) energy recovery efforts within the current waste management/power generation framework and (2) integrated waste management with sewage treatment systems and electric power industries. Scenario simulation results showed that under the current policy framework it is not feasible to achieve large energy recovery and CO₂ emission reduction, while the integrated waste management scenarios show the potential of large energy recovery which is equivalent to about an 18 million t-CO₂ emission reduction. The utilization of dry wastes for power generation at existing fossil power stations is significant in achieving the result. We also consider the effects of the ‘CO₂ emission per GW generated’ for electric power generation on the total CO₂ emission reduction because it varies by country and assumptions selected. Although this research did not include an economic analysis, based on estimated CO₂ emissions and energy recovery, the integrated scenarios indicate a large potential in countries that have high dependence of fossil power generation and relatively low power generation efficiency.     

碳酸盐对化学沉淀法回收废水中磷的影响

研究了溶液中CO_3~(2-)对磷酸铵镁(MAP)法和羟基磷酸钙(HAP)法磷回收率的影响,并对回收磷所得产物进行了傅立叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射分析.实验结果表明:为使磷回收率达80%以上,MAP法回收磷时n(CO_3~(2-)):n(Mg~(2+))必须小于0.5,HAP法回收磷时n(CO_3~(2-)):n(Ca~(2+))必须小于0.2;溶液中的CO_3~(2-)浓度对MAP法回收产物没有明显影响,但HAP法回收磷产物中会出现大量碳酸钙.     

电镀废水中镍的回收和利用

采用化学沉淀法回收电镀含镍废水中的Ni~(2+),研究了各工艺因素对回收效果的影响.实验结果表明,回收电镀含镍废水中Ni~(2+)的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度30 ℃,废水pH 12～13,0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液加入量70 mL,以聚丙烯酸钠为絮凝剂,搅拌转速1 250 r/min,搅拌时间2 min.将回收产物Ni(OH)_2用作润滑油添加剂可有效改善润滑油的摩擦磨损性能.     

An LCA model for waste incineration enhanced with new technologies for metal recovery and application to the case of Switzerland

A process model of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and new technologies for metal recovery from combustion residues was developed. The environmental impact is modeled as a function of waste composition as well as waste treatment and material recovery technologies. The model includes combustion with a grate incinerator, several flue gas treatment technologies, electricity and steam production from waste heat recovery, metal recovery from slag and fly ash, and landfilling of residues and can be tailored to specific plants and sites (software tools can be downloaded free of charge). Application of the model to Switzerland shows that the treatment of one tonne of municipal solid waste results on average in 425 kg CO₂-eq. generated in the incineration process, and 54 kg CO₂-eq. accrue in upstream processes such as waste transport and the production of operating materials. Downstream processes, i.e. residue disposal, generates 5 kg CO₂-eq. Savings from energy recovery are in the range of 67 to 752 kg CO₂-eq. depending on the assumptions regarding the substituted energy production, while the recovery of metals from slag and fly ash currently results in a net saving of approximately 35 kg CO₂-eq. A similar impact pattern is observed when assessing the MSWI model for aggregated environmental impacts (ReCiPe) and for non-renewable resource consumption (cumulative exergy demand), except that direct emissions have less and no relevance, respectively, on the total score. The study illustrates that MSWI plants can be an important element of industrial ecology as they provide waste disposal services and can help to close material and energetic cycles.     

炭黑尾气净化及余热利用

对炭黑生产尾气中ＣＯ，Ｈ２及ＣＨ４等可燃气态污染物的净化及其余热的回收和利用进行了研究，结果表明，采用直接燃烧法是目前我国炭黑尾气净化和余热回收利用的最佳方法，直接燃烧法，不仅可将黑尾气中可燃气态污染物变为无害的物质ＣＯ２和Ｈ２Ｏ，并可回收和利用热，可使炭黑生产余热利用率提高５０％以上，其经济效益和环境效益十分可观。     

平板陶瓷膜回收烟气水热的实验研究

将平板陶瓷膜组成膜组件对烟气水分和余热进行回收,考察了烟气的温度、相对湿度、流速和冷却水温度等参数对膜组件水热回收性能的影响。在实验工况下,水通量和水回收效率随着烟气温度、烟气相对湿度的增加和冷却水温度的降低而上升;水通量随着烟气流速的加快而上升,水回收效率随着烟气流速的加快先上升后降低;膜组件的水通量和水回收效率最高分别可达22.0 kg/(m²·h)和36.3%。平板陶瓷膜回收的热量主要来自烟气潜热,烟气潜热换热量与水通量呈正相关变化趋势。在实验工况下,平板陶瓷膜组件的总传热系数最高为412 W/(m²·℃),高于多通道管式陶瓷膜和单通道管式陶瓷膜。     

氯氧化锆生产排放废硅渣中锆资源的回收

开展了氯氧化锆生产排放废硅渣中锆资源的回收工艺研究,结果表明,当废硅渣在50℃条件下溶解废碱液时,硅渣中夹带的未熔锆英砂可以沉积,回收率可达到98.5%以上。继续加热溶硅碱液,可溶锆可与硅产生凝聚,形成锆富集物沉淀,锆富集物中湿基的ZrO2含量最高可达6.5%,可溶锆的回收率在97%以上。回收得到的未熔砂和锆富集物可直接返回氯氧化锆主流程中再利用,从而实现硅渣中锆的资源化利用。     

含硫染料中间体废水中硫的脱除与回收

对含硫染料中间体废水中硫的脱除与回收进行了研究。试验结果表明：采用铁屑过滤－混凝法,在最佳操作条件下,硫去除率为９８．５％,ＣＯＤ去除率为６５．０％,出水清澈透明。同时回收得到Ｎａ２Ｓ质量分数为５６％的水溶液,可直接用于染料中间体的生产。本方法将废水中的硫化合物以Ｎａ２Ｓ形式回收,为该类废水的治理开辟了一条新途径。     

Ls－811－2硫磺回收催化剂的开发及应用

介绍了Ｌｓ－８１１－２催化剂的研制及在克劳斯硫磺回收装置上的工业应用，实践证明，此催化剂的活性已达到国内外同类催化剂的水平，并具有生产工艺流程简单、无三废污染、原料易得及成本较低等特点。此催化剂的开发，为生产硫磺回收催化剂开辟了新的原料路线及制备方法。     

Tannic acid as a novel and green leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries

Tannic acid–acetic acid is proposed as novel and green chemicals for cobalt and lithium recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries through a leaching process. The synergism of both acids was documented through batch and continuous studies. Tannic acid promotes cobalt dissolution by reducing insoluble Co³⁺ into soluble Co²⁺, while acetic acid is critical to improve the dissolution and stabilize the metals in the pregnant leach solution. Based on batch studies, the optimum conditions for metal recovery at room temperature are acetic acid 1 M, tannic acid 20 g/L, pulp density 20 g/L, and stirring speed 250 rpm (94% cobalt and 99% lithium recovery). The kinetic study shows that increasing temperature to 80 °C improves cobalt and lithium recovery from 65 to 90% (cobalt) and from 80 to 99% (lithium) within 4 h at sub-optimum condition (tannic acid 10 g/L). Kinetic modeling suggests the leaching process was endothermic, and high activation energy indicates a surface chemical process. For other metals, the pattern of manganese and nickel recovery trend follows the cobalt recovery trend. Copper recovery was negatively affected by tannic acid. Iron recovery was limited due to the weak acidic condition of pregnant leach solution, which is beneficial to improve leaching selectivity.