300MW汽轮发电机定子接地保护动作跳机原因分析及防范措施

某热电厂13号发电机定子接地保护动作跳闸,发电机组全停,依据电厂主设备的具体参数和配置情况,对故障录波图进行分析,检查了发电机及附属设备,并对发电机单元主要一次设备进行了试验,对机组跳闸原因进行了分析,提出了防范措施.     

基于GPRS技术电除尘器高频电源智能监测系统研究

电除尘器是火电厂重要环保设备,其运行的稳定性和参数合理性直接影响粉尘排放浓度。针对上述问题,详述利用ARM微处理器和GPRS网络相结合,开发电除尘器高频电源智能监测系统设备,在远距离处可以获得现场的实时数据,实现对高频电源远程监控和诊断。     

某矿热炉烟气余热利用系统测量与诊断

对某铁合金厂2台硅铁矿热炉烟气参数进行了现场测量,测量结果表明,测点烟气温度偏低,流量偏大.通过对原始测量数据进行筛选整理,得到了更加真实的测量结果;通过分析测量数据,诊断出导致现有余热锅炉进口烟气温度偏低的主要原因,并给出相应的对策建议.     

泡沫分离法处理含Cr^6＋废水

采用间歇式泡沫分离法处理含Cr^6＋废水,考察了各因素对Cr^6＋去除效果的影响。通过正交实验分析确定的废水处理最佳工艺条件：废水pH4．00,气体流量0．90L／min,阳离子表面活性剂加入量300mg／L。进水Cr^6＋质量浓度为10mg／L时,间歇运行的Cr^6＋去除率为97．80％,连续运行的Cr^6＋去除率为95．89％,出水均可达标排放。动力学实验结果表明,泡沫分离法去除Cr^6＋的过程符合一级动力学的特征。对泡沫分离柱放大后的废水连续流实验分析结果表明,泡沫分离Cr^6＋的效果比较稳定,但分离设备对废水处理效果有一定的影响。     

烟气在线连续监测系统运行问题及解决方法

简要介绍了CEMS系统的构成,为确保CEMS数据准确有效,提出了应加强CEMS系统清洗、检查、校验等日常维护工作.探讨了火电厂CEMS系统运行中存在的漏气、堵塞、设备故障等问题,并有针对性的对各种CEMS故障进行了分析并提出了解决方案,以保证CEMS系统的长期稳定运行.     

电除尘器运行检查维护及故障分析(二)

二、电除尘器运行状况评估及常见故障分析对电除尘器的运行状况进行评估,对其故障进行检查和排除。一般可以通过三种途径。即在设备投运情况下,从外部作经常性的巡视和检查;从电源控制柜仪表指示或微机取样数据中进行对比分析;在设备停运期     

某350MW汽轮发电机转子不稳定高阻接地故障查找方法及原因分析

介绍了某电厂350MW汽轮发电机转子绕组不稳定高阻多点接地故障的查找方法,接地故障的原因分析,为保证修复质量,除了按预试规程要求进行试验外,结合现场实际提出了“测量转子两极阻抗电压”对比的方法。     

UASB＋生物接触氧化工艺处理洗毛废水

针对皮毛生产企业洗毛废水的水质特点,介绍了利用UASB＋生物接触氧化工艺处理该类废水的工程应用。运行结果表明：采用厌氧＋好氧技术后,设施运行稳定,其出水BOD5、SS、COD都可以达到国家污水综合排放一级标准,工程投资和运行费用低。     

造纸法再造烟叶废水COD的快速预测

针对造纸法再造烟叶生产废水COD波动大、废水处理系统运行不稳定等问题,对造纸法再造烟叶的生产废水排放及不同种类废水的水质特点进行了分析。在废水处理系统运行检测数据的基础上,采用数理统计方法研究了废水COD与pH的关系。结果表明:COD与pH呈高度显著的线性关系;用得到的回归方程COD=-2 913pH+22 059对废水COD进行验证和预测,相对偏差在15%以内。本研究为造纸法再造烟叶废水处理系统的运行提供了一种快捷的COD预测方法,有助于提高废水处理系统的处理效率和运行稳定性。     

脱硫设施远程监测技术研究

简述了脱硫设施现场监测数据、数据传输技术和远程监测技术,远程监测系统可以实现脱硫设施运行状况的远程实时监测。通过对监测数据历史趋势和统计结果进行分析,预防脱硫设施运行过程中存在隐患,提高脱硫设施运行的安全性和稳定性。     

水合物法分离CO2研究

混合气体在形成水合物时,水合物内的气体组分与气相内不同。CO2溶解度远高于N2、O2、H2等气体,因此水合物法可分离燃煤电厂烟气中的CO2。分析了气体组成、压力、温度、促进剂和多孔介质等因素对水合物法分离CO2的影响,指出采用耦合技术降低操作压力和提高水合速度是今后改进和努力的方向。     

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management in Korea: generation, collection, and recycling systems

In Korea, generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), or electronic waste (e-waste), has rapidly increased in recent years. The management of WEEE has become a major issue of concern for solid waste communities due to the volumes of waste being generated and the potential environmental impacts associated with the toxic chemicals found in most electronic devices. Special attention must be paid when dealing with WEEE because of toxic materials that it contains (e.g., heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates, and polyvinyl chloride). If managed improperly, the disposal of WEEE can adversely affect the environment and human health. Environmental regulatory agencies; electronic equipment manufacturers, retailers, and recyclers; environmental nongovernmental organizations; and many others are much interested in updated statistics with regard to how much WEEE is generated, stored, recycled, and disposed of. In Korea, an extended producer responsibility policy was introduced in 2003 not only to reduce the amount of electronic products requiring disposal, but also to promote resource recovery from WEEE; the policy currently applies to a total of ten electrical and electronic product categories. This article presents an overview of the current recycling practices and management of electrical and electronic waste in Korea. Specifically, the generation rates, recycling systems and processes, and recent regulations of WEEE are discussed. We estimated that 1 263 000 refrigerators, 701 000 washing machines, 1 181 000 televisions, and 109 000 airconditioning units were retired and handled by the WEEE management system in 2006. More than 40% of the products were collected and recycled by producers. Four major producers’ recycling centers and other WEEE recycling facilities are currently in operation, and these process a large faction of WEEE for the recovery of valuable materials. Much attention should still be paid to pollution prevention and resource conservation with respect to WEEE. Several suggestions are made in order to deal with electronic waste management problems effectively and to prevent potential impacts.     

废电子焊料综合利用研究

针对电子产品焊接过程中产生的波峰焊渣、SMT过程中产生的废电子焊膏及废电子信息产品回收拆解过程中产生的废电子焊料的回收利用,开发经济实用的废电子焊料综合利用工艺技术与设备。在H2SiF6-Pb(Sn)SiF6电解液中,控制游离H2SiF6在100～150 g/L,Pb2(+Sn2+)在60～120 g/L,电流密度100 A/m2,槽电压0.3～0.5 V,常温电解,实现Pb-Sn合金的提纯精制,生产出合格的Pb-Sn合金焊料。然后用常规方法从电解阳极泥中进一步回收银等贵金属。     

污水处理厂自控系统硬件抗干扰研究

在污水处理厂内,由于污水处理设备分布比较分散,中央控制室与现场设备之间的信号传输线缆长度加大,加之现场干扰源较多,影响了自控系统的稳定运行。因此,要求污水处理厂自控系统硬件必须具有一定的抗干扰能力。分析研究了自控系统硬件在系统集成、安装调试中应采取的抗干扰措施。     

Evaluation of electronic components in life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment (LCA), a quantitative method for evaluating the total environmental impact of a product, from the materials in its manufacture to its final disposal, is playing an increasingly important role in manufacturing. When the LCA method is applied to a product containing many kinds of electronic components, there is a need for life cycle inventory (LCI) data on the components. This paper provides an original calculation of the LCI data for each electronic components industry. These data show the amount of input energy and emissions into the atmosphere per yen of production yield. It is demonstrated that the magnitude of the LCI data for each industry is essentially equal to that of the other industries. Furthermore, we conclude that the LCI data for all electronic components are roughly equivalent, making it possible to calculate the LCI data of any electronic component by simply multiplying the LCI data for the industry by the price of the component. Furthermore, after comparing the materials production stages with the component manufacturing stage in the calculation, it became clear that for several component industries the materials production stage could not be omitted from the calculation. Received: April 10, 1998 / Accepted: February 8, 1999     

330MW循环流化床机组协调控制系统的特点分析与应用实例

循环流化床机组在动态特征上不同于煤粉炉,其燃料煤粒较粗,燃烧过程复杂,并且因为其燃烧室内的床料具有相当大的热惯性和蓄热能力,是以当给煤量改变后,主蒸汽压力的变化相应比煤粉锅炉的迟延和惯性要大得多,造成了循环流化床机组燃烧过程实现自动协调控制的困难。以京海煤矸石发电有限责任公司凤凰岭电厂新建工程2×330 MW循环流化床机组控制系统为例,从变参数的应用、前馈的应用、主压力与给水的解耦控制、煤质修正控制等多方面阐述了循环流化床机组的控制特点,分析探讨了应用中存在的问题并提出了解决方法。     

低碳经济下燃煤电厂CO_2捕集技术

随着中国经济发展,温室气体排放量大幅增加。温室气体中,CO2的排放对气候的负面影响十分巨大,CO2排放已成为燃煤发展的瓶颈问题之一。针对电力工业CO2排放状况,介绍了几种火电厂CO2排放捕集措施：燃烧前脱碳、富氧燃烧以及燃烧后脱碳技术,分析了各项技术的优势和可行性;指出了低碳经济下火电厂的CO2减排方向。     

Enhancing e-waste estimates: Improving data quality by multivariate Input–Output Analysis

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (or e-waste) is one of the fastest growing waste streams, which encompasses a wide and increasing spectrum of products. Accurate estimation of e-waste generation is difficult, mainly due to lack of high quality data referred to market and socio-economic dynamics. This paper addresses how to enhance e-waste estimates by providing techniques to increase data quality. An advanced, flexible and multivariate Input–Output Analysis (IOA) method is proposed. It links all three pillars in IOA (product sales, stock and lifespan profiles) to construct mathematical relationships between various data points. By applying this method, the data consolidation steps can generate more accurate time-series datasets from available data pool. This can consequently increase the reliability of e-waste estimates compared to the approach without data processing. A case study in the Netherlands is used to apply the advanced IOA model. As a result, for the first time ever, complete datasets of all three variables for estimating all types of e-waste have been obtained. The result of this study also demonstrates significant disparity between various estimation models, arising from the use of data under different conditions. It shows the importance of applying multivariate approach and multiple sources to improve data quality for modelling, specifically using appropriate time-varying lifespan parameters. Following the case study, a roadmap with a procedural guideline is provided to enhance e-waste estimation studies.     

Evaluating waste disposal systems

Waste disposal systems conventionally exhibit many problems, such as difficulties in finding final disposal sites for incinerator residues and the issue of how to recycle waste materials. Some new technologies have been developed to solve such problems, including ash melting and gasification melting. Furthermore, to improve the power generation efficiency of waste treatment facilities so that their energy is used more efficiently, combined stoker/gas turbine power generation (super waste power generation) technology has been developed. Through examination of two cases in this study, environmental impacts and costs were determined using lifecycle assessment (LCA) and lifecycle cost (LCC) methods in a model city. In case 1, a stoker furnace was compared to a combined stoker/gas turbine system. In case 2, a stoker furnace plus ash melting system was compared to a gasification melting system. The results demonstrate that the stoker furnace has a lower environmental impact than the combined stoker/gas turbine system in case 1, and that the stoker plus ash melting system costs less than the gasification melting system in case 2, but both systems had strong impacts on the environment.