室内空气中总挥发性有机物检测方法的优化

室内空气中总挥发性有机物会对人体产生不利的影响,为了科学合理的检测室内空气中总挥发性有机物,GB 50325—2010和ISO 16017—1都规定了监测方法,然而这些检测方法耗时较长,为此,本文提出了一种优化的室内空气中总挥发性有机物检测方法,将检测时间降低至23.19min。最后选用实际的室内气体进行验证,结果表明了所提方法的有效性。     

室内空气中挥发性有机物污染研究进展

分析了国内外在室内空气中挥发性有机物污染方面的研究结果，提出我国应该重视这一领域研究的建议和今后的工作设想。     

室内空气中总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)的污染

随着经济的发展和人们生活品质的提高,室内空气污染逐渐成为人们最为关心的环境问题之一,其中室内空气中总挥发性有机物的污染是室内空气污染中重要组成部分。因此,在参考了国内外大量文献的基础上,对总挥发性有机物的定义、来源、质量标准、测定方法、健康效应以及防治对策进行了综述。     

室内空气中挥发性有机物污染研究现状

随着经济的发展和人们生活水平品质的提高,室内空气污染逐渐成为人们关心的环境问题之一。文章在查阅了大量文献及结合作者工作的基础上,介绍了室内空气中挥发性有机物污染水平研究现状,采样分析方法和治理技术的进展情况。     

沈阳市室内空气中挥发性有机物的污染状态分析

选取装修时间分别为7d、30d、90d的居室各50户,采集室内空气样测定总挥发性有机物（TVOC）浓度,发现超标率随装修时间的延长而下降,且90d后TVOC超标2倍以上的严重污染户已降至2％;装修3个月以上居室室内空气中TVOC组分共检测出59种,其中32种为半数以上居室所共有,经分析绝大多数为室内装修材料所释放且多为有害物质;通过实验发现周期性通风放置比封闭状态放置能够更快地降低室内TVOC浓度．是减轻TVOC污染的最佳方法。     

室内空气中挥发性有机物污染研究现状分析

近几年,人们生活水平在不断提高,环境监测机制和实际监测效果成为了社会各界关注的焦点,特别是对室内空气中挥发性有机物污染问题的监测和处理,需要环境监测技术人员提高重视,建立健全完整的管控措施,为保障人们的健康提供有效的技术支持。本文从室内空气挥发性有机物污染研究要素分析入手,简要分析了室内空气挥发性有机物污染的环境监测模型,并对污染物处理措施展开了集中的讨论,旨在为环境监测项目的技术管理人员提供有价值的参考建议。     

环境空气中挥发性有机物的测定方法及注意事项

环境空气当中的挥发性有机物(Volatile organiccompounds,简称VOCs),在整个大气环境中,挥发性有机物是一种不可忽视的污染物,此类化合物不但具有显著的毒性,并且会致癌,形成光化学烟雾。在我们赖以生存的空气中,挥发性有机物的构成元素是非常复杂的,无论是室外或是室内空气质量都会受到各方面因素的影响,现实生活中人们吸入的气体会在一定程度上影响着自己的健康。接下来,本文针对环境空气中挥发性有机物的测定方法及注意事项进行论述。     

室内空气中挥发性有机物的污染及其控制

分析了室内空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）的来源、特征、污染状况等，并阐述了VOCs对人体健康的危害。介绍了国内外的VOCs污染控制标准，以及源头控制、光催化氧化技术、吸附技术等主要的污染控制对策。据文献统计表明，室内空气中含有大量的VOCs，污染控制标准及源头控制、光催化氧化技术、吸附技术等主要的污染控制对策。据文献统计表明，室内空气中含有大量的VOCs，污染状况相当严重，对人体健康的危害亦十分明显，应引起重视。在污染控制策略上，应先从源头加以控制，同时保证室内环境有很好的通风能力，在此基础上积极开发和应用新的污染控制技术。     

广州市某些室内公共场所中挥发性有机物的研究

调查了广州市人流较大的餐厅、歌舞厅中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染状况，经过采样分析，所有样品中共定性检测出了46种化合物，其中11种属于美国环保署优先控制污染物。大部分样品的挥发性有机物总浓度(TVOCs)处于我国室内环境质量评价试行标准二级范围内，两个新近装修的室内挥发性有机物浓度超过了试行标准的三级，对人体有一定的危害。     

室内空气中挥发性有机污染物治理对策

近年来,室内空气污染问题得到越来越多的重视,人们意识到维持良好室内空气环境的重要性,如何有效地治理室内空气污染成为了目前迫切关注的问题。文章对室内空气污染以及几种净化技术做了系统的综述,阐述了室内空气污染物的来源、危害,客观地评价了目前室内空气传统污染治理方法如通风换气、物理吸附法、化学吸收法、臭氧净化法,以及催化氧化法等空气净化技术的优缺点及空气净化技术的发展趋势,提出不同室内空气污染的分类,并针对不同的分类提出相应的方法,对污染治理进行指导。     

Human reactions to a mixture of indoor air volatile organic compounds

A controlled experimental study of human reactions to a mixture of 22 volatile organic compounds often found in indoor air was performed in a climate chamber. Twenty-one healthy subjects were compared with a group of 14 subjects suffering from the ‘sick building syndrome’ (SBS subjects), i.e. having symptoms related to the indoor environment (irritated mucous membranes, headache, etc.) as defined by WHO in 1982. In groups of 4 these subjects were exposed during two successive periods to either 0 and 0 mg m⁻³, 25 and 0 mg m⁻³, or 0 and 25 mg m⁻³; 25 mg m⁻³ is equivalent to the highest concentrations expected in a new building. The study was double blinded, and a latin square design was used to balance out effects of day in the week and season. Both groups reacted subjectively to the air reporting worse odor, worse indoor air quality as defined by the subject, and more irritated mucous membranes in eye, throat and nose than in the clean environment. A tendency to a stronger response was seen among the SBS subjects. Objective measures indicated among others an exposure related reduction in lung function among SBS subjects. Both groups had an increased number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in tear fluid as a result of exposure. This was not seen for nasal secretions. Psychological performance tests indicated an exposure related diminished ability to learn. In conclusion, the experiment indicates that exposure to volatile organic compounds in low concentrations as seen in new houses causes both subjective complaints and objective signs in normal healty subjects; but more so in subjects from the sick building syndrome.     

中国室内挥发性有机物污染特征

近年来室内空气污染问题频发,已引起全社会的广泛关注.挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)是室内空气的主要污染物之一,其成分复杂,来源广泛,严重威胁人体健康.本文综述了中国近十年来室内VOCs在来源、浓度水平、影响因素及健康评价方面的研究进展.研究表明,室内建筑装修材料、人类活动及室外污染等来源都会影响VOCs的室内浓度;中国住宅内甲醛、苯等VOCs污染普遍存在,家具市场是甲醛污染最高的公共场所;VOCs浓度受到温湿度、通风和装修时间等因素影响;中国室内部分VOCs对人体健康影响评估值超过美国环保署可接受水平.调查更全面的室内VOCs数据,探索对各类因素影响机制,提出更有效降低VOCs对人体健康影响的措施将是未来室内空气治理重点发展方向.     

环境中挥发性有机物监测及分析方法

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是一类重要的环境污染物,严重威胁着环境和人类健康。随着VOCs问题的日趋突出,关于VOCs监测技术的研究也越来越多,检测技术逐渐完善。本文对大气中VOCs的监测技术进行了详细的综述,重点介绍了气相色谱-质谱、高效液相色谱等离线检测方法和质子转移反应质谱法在线监测方法。此外,本文分析了各种采样方法及仪器检测技术的优势与不足,旨在为大气VOCs的监测与研究起到一定的指导作用。     

大气中挥发性有机物在线监测系统

一种新型的监测大气中挥发性有机物（包括含氧挥发性有机物）的在线监测系统被研制,即将超低温冷阱捕集-热解析装置与气相色谱-质谱仪联用.其分析方法是大气样品经除水、除O3后以60 mL·min-1的流速通过温度为-150℃的超低温冷阱捕集5min,然后样品在110℃下解析后进入GC-FID/MS系统进行分析,时间分辨率为1h.系统使用混和标气进行标定.目标化合物定量曲线的R2值为0.9137~0.9998,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%.将系统与相关商业化的VOC在线监测仪器进行比对,对于相同目标化合物进行分析,其相关系数r在0.7412~0.9620之间.     

广州大田山垃圾填埋场空气中微量挥发有机污染物组成

以广州大田山垃圾填埋场为例，研究了在不同季节填埋场空气中微量挥发性有机污染物的种类和含量变化情况。结果表明，在春、夏季样品中可分别检测出47和64种化合物，其中有些化合物为USEPA优先控制毒害有机污染物；夏季样品中微量挥发性有机污染物的浓度大多比春季样品高，有的甚至高1个数量级以上。因此加强对垃圾的卫生填埋，尤其是加强对夏季的垃圾卫生填埋的科学管理，减少挥发性有机污染物向大气中的扩散，应给予充分的关注。     

Subjective reactions to volatile organic compounds as air pollutants

Human subjective reactions to indoor air pollution in the form of volatile organic compounds in five concentrations ⩽ mg m⁻³ were examined in a climate chamber under controlled conditions in a balanced experimental design. The reactions of 25 subjects were registered in two questionnaires containing 25 and six questions and on a linear analogue rating scale. Each subject was tested for one day including four runs in each of the five treatments of 50 min duration. Dose effects were found for perceived odour intensity at 3 mgm⁻³. Air quality, need for ventilation, irritation of eye and nose showed significant effect at 8 mg m⁻³. Significant reduced well being was reported at 25 mgm⁻³. The analyses indicated that lower threshold for some of these effects would have been found if more subjects or longer exposure-times had been used. Gender, age, occupational education and smoking habits were co-factors for many of the symptoms reported.     

环境水中总挥发性有机硫化物的检测方法

建立了一种捕集、解析、氧化、紫外荧光检测技术,用于水中痕量总挥发性有机硫化物的检测.自行研制的低温捕集－热解析装置实现水中痕量挥发性有机硫化物的富集,富集的有机硫化物在高温和助燃气作用下,充分氧化为二氧化硫,采用紫外荧光法检测二氧化硫含量,从而间接获得水中总挥发性有机硫化物的浓度值.方法的捕集温度5℃,解析温度150℃,氧化温度1000℃,气提室温度65℃,气提时间20min,精密度5.5%,检测限为6ng/L,加标回收率为91.6%~95.1%.利用该装置对青岛市某池塘水样进行检测分析,检测结果中总挥发性有机硫化物的含量为1503~1911ng/L.     

Tricrystalline TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity and durability for removing volatile organic compounds from indoor air

It is important to develop efficient and economic techniques for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. Heterogeneous TiO₂-based semiconductors are a promising technology for achieving this goal. Anatase/brookite/rutile tricrystalline TiO₂ with mesoporous structure was synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal route in the presence of HNO₃. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of toluene in air under UV light illumination. The results show that tricrystalline TiO₂ exhibited higher photocatalytic activity and durability toward gaseous toluene than bicrystalline TiO₂, due to the synergistic effects of high surface area, uniform mesoporous structure and junctions among mixed phases. The tricrystalline TiO₂ prepared at R_HNO3 = 0.8, containing 80.7% anatase, 15.6% brookite and 3.7% rutile, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, about 3.85-fold higher than that of P25. The high activity did not significantly degrade even after five reuse cycles. In conclusion, it is expected that our study regarding gas-phase degradation of toluene over tricrystalline TiO₂ will enrich the chemistry of the TiO₂-based materials as photocatalysts for environmental remediation and stimulate further research interest on this intriguing topic.     

Tricrystalline TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity and durability for removing volatile organic compounds from indoor air

It is important to develop efficient and economic techniques for removing volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in indoor air. Heterogeneous Ti O_2-based semiconductors are a promising technology for achieving this goal. Anatase/brookite/rutile tricrystalline Ti O_2 with mesoporous structure was synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal route in the presence of HNO_3.The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and N_2 adsorption–desorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of toluene in air under UV light illumination. The results show that tricrystalline Ti O_2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity and durability toward gaseous toluene than bicrystalline Ti O_2,due to the synergistic effects of high surface area, uniform mesoporous structure and junctions among mixed phases. The tricrystalline Ti O_2 prepared at R HNO_3= 0.8, containing80.7% anatase, 15.6% brookite and 3.7% rutile, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity,about 3.85-fold higher than that of P25. The high activity did not significantly degrade even after five reuse cycles. In conclusion, it is expected that our study regarding gas-phase degradation of toluene over tricrystalline Ti O_2 will enrich the chemistry of the Ti O_2-based materials as photocatalysts for environmental remediation and stimulate further research interest on this intriguing topic.     

室内环境嗜松青霉的MVOCs释放特征及影响因素

以嗜松青霉为例,用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)采集分析其代谢挥发性有机物(MVOCs),考察了生长时间、温度、光照、氧含量(通气流量)对MVOCs释放特征的作用,探讨了其对室内VOCs的源贡献.结果表明,共发现6类14种MVOCs,包括浓度较高的乙醇、丙酮、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、异戊醇、苯甲醚,浓度较低的异丁醇、2-甲基丁醇、糠醇、甲苯、间二甲苯、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛醇和柠檬烯.氧含量和生长时间对MVOCs影响最明显,氧含量主要影响乙醇和丙酮的竞争代谢,乙酸、乙酸乙酯也在缺氧时产量更多;嗜松青霉在不同的生长阶段的代谢产物种类和产量均不同,总MVOCs量在接种第4～6d达到最大值,除乙酸、柠檬烯外,其他物质均受生长时间的影响;在25℃时能产生最多的MVOCs量,在35℃时产生的MVOCs最少,不同温度下各MVOCs组分也不同;光照对嗜松青霉的MVOCs代谢影响不明显.在有氧有光的3种实验温度下,总MVOCs排放强度在5031～7650ng/(m²·d)之间,各物质室内浓度贡献区间为0.0256～444.0380ng/m^...