共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
硫代硫酸铵添加对黄平大黄油菜富集土壤汞的影响-田间试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在田间条件下,研究添加硫代硫酸铵对黄平大黄油菜(Brassica juncea var.HPDH)富集土壤汞(总汞含量13.7mg·kg-1)及土壤汞形态转化影响。试验设置2个处理,对照小区(无硫代硫酸铵)和处理小区(每公斤土壤加入8 g硫代硫酸铵),硫代硫酸铵溶液在植物收获前7 d添加到土壤。试验结束后,分析植物生物量和组织内汞含量。结果表明,硫代硫酸铵处理小区植物生物量(干重)要略高于对照区。硫代硫酸铵处理小区植物根系和地上部分汞含量分别是对照区的600和250倍。利用连续化学浸提法分析了修复前后土壤汞形态变化特征,发现硫代硫酸铵辅助植物修复后能显著降低土壤有机结合态汞含量,大幅度提高残渣态汞含量,溶解态与可交换态汞含量略有增加,特殊吸附态和铁锰氧化态汞含量无显著变化。 相似文献
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Shucai LI Tingting LI Gang LI Fengmei LI Shuhai GUO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(6):869-874
As a new technology used for the cleaning of chromium-contaminated soil, worldwide interest in eletrokinetic (EK) remediation has grown considerably in recent times. However, owing to the fact that chromium exists as both cationic and anionic species in the soil, it is not an efficient method. This paper reports upon a study in which a process using approaching anodes (AAs) was used to enhance the removal efficiency of chromium by eletrokinetics. Two bench-scale experiments to remove chromium from contaminated soil were performed, one using a fixed anode (FA) and the other using AAs. In the AAs experiment, the anode moved toward the cathode by 7 cm every three days. After remediation, soil pH, total chromium, and fractionation of chromium in the soil were determined. The average removal efficiency of total chromium was 11.32% and 18.96% in the FA and AAs experiments, respectively. After remediation, acidic soil conditions throughout the soil were generated through the use of AAs, while 80% of the soil remained neutral or alkalic when using the FA approach. The acidic soil environment and high field intensity in the AAs experiment might have favored chromium desorption, dissolution and dissociation from the soil, plus the mobility of chromium in the soil was also enhanced. The results demonstrate that AAs used in the process of EK remediation can enhance the efficiency of chromium removal from soil. 相似文献
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底泥铬污染的纳米铁粉修复及其土壤酶活性动态 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用纳米铁粉修复Cr(Ⅵ)不同程度污染底泥,通过测定底泥中4种土壤酶活性,分析纳米铁粉修复对Cr(Ⅵ)污染底泥土壤酶活性的恢复情况.结果表明,纳米铁粉修复对底泥Cr(Ⅵ)有很好的去除效果,添加底泥干质量1%的纳米铁粉在16 d内对底泥30~100 mg·kg-1的Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率均高于99.7%.Cr(Ⅵ)污染显著降低了底泥多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶和脲酶的活性.其中多酚氧化酶对Cr(Ⅵ)污染有很好的线性响应,可用于0~100 mg·kg-1底泥Cr(Ⅵ)污染评价.经过16 d的纳米铁粉修复,Cr(Ⅵ)污染底泥的脲酶活性恢复至未污染对照水平,过氧化氢酶活性的恢复效果不明显,多酚氧化酶和蛋白酶活性有待进一步恢复. 相似文献
4.
土著微生物原位修复石油污染土壤试验研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
利用当地土著微生物优势菌群,辅以物理和化学的方法,结合当地地质微环境特点,开展了陕北某油井旁的石油污染黄土土壤修复研究。设置两个试验区、一个空白区和一个对照区,在两个试验区中分别加入3%的土著优势菌群制剂,选择优化出的土著菌群经鉴定,主要有:假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、放线菌属(Actinomayces)、真菌类的青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)等。试验结果显示:土著优势菌剂一般需要3-7d的延滞期(lag phase),然后进入对数期(logarithmic phase);两个试验区土壤中人为添加石油含量分别为1542、1886mg·kg^-1时,经过11-32d原位土著优势微生物菌剂的修复,土壤中的石油污染物降解率可达69.52%-88.11%,而对照区土壤中人为添加的石油含量变化不大,降解率基本在10%以内,说明在自然条件下土壤中石油降解是缓慢的。谷糠黍糠、麦麸两种添加剂对优化菌液的修复效果的作用基本相同。试验过程中对土壤温度、水分、氧和营养物质等影响因素进行了调控,起到了良好的作用。 相似文献
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A study to compare the extent of atrazine mineralization in soils from Kenyan sugarcane-cultivated fields with and without history of atrazine use was carried out in the laboratory under controlled conditions. The study was testing the hypothesis that repeated atrazine application to soil will not result in enhanced atrazine mineralization. The study was carried out with 14C-uniformly ring-labeled atrazine in a laboratory under controlled conditions. Atrazine mineralization to 14CO2 in soil with no history of atrazine use was negligible (0.16%) after 163 days of soil incubation. The three metabolites hydroxyatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, and desethylatrazine in the proportion of 17.7%, 1.3%, and 2.6%, respectively, were in the soil after 75 days. In the soil from the sugarcane-cultivated field with history of atrazine use, atrazine mineralization was 89.9% after 98 days. The same soil, amended with mature compost, showed a lag phase of eight days before rapid atrazine mineralization was observed. 相似文献
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Sögüt Z Zaimoglu BZ Erdogan R Sucu MY 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(1):13-20
Landfills are still the most widely used solid waste disposal method used across the world. Leachate generated from landfill areas exerts environmental risks mostly on surface and groundwater, with its high pollutant content, most notably metals, which cause an unbearable lower water quality. During dumping or after the capacity of the landfill has been reached, a decontamination and remediation program should be taken for the area. This study was conducted to assess the capacity and efficiency of Pennisetum clandestinum, a prostrate perennial plant, to accumulate chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). Leachate, taken from the Sofulu Landfill Site, was given to Pennisetum clandestinum for 180 days, in 3 dilution sets as 1/1, 1/2 and 1/4, in batch configuration. An additional control set was also installed for comparison. Results showed that, even though the metal content of soil had risen, plants accumulated 2 to 8.5 times higher concentrations than the control set. It is important to see, the plant showed almost no stress symptoms even if the set was fed by pure leachate. Pennisetum clandestinum was observed to accumulate metals mostly in the upper bodies, excluding Fe and Cu. 76% of accumulated Cr, 85% of Ni, 66% of Zn and 100% of Pb was observed to accumulate in above-ground parts, where only 20% of Cu and 4% of Fe was accumulated. Due to the high pollution tolerance of Pennisetum clandestinum, makes this plant suitable for decontamination and remediation of landfill sites. 相似文献
8.
Spatial distribution of potentially bioavailable metals in surface soils of a contaminated sports ground in Galway, Ireland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ligang Dao Liam Morrison Ger Kiely Chaosheng Zhang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2013,35(2):227-238
Assessing the environmental risk of metal contamination in soils requires the determination of both total (TCs) and bioavailable (BCs) element concentrations. A total of 200 surface (0–10 cm) soil samples were collected from an urban sports ground (South Park) in Galway, Ireland, a former landfill and dumping site, which is currently under remediation. The potential BCs of metals were measured using ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) extraction followed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analysis, while the TCs were determined using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. It was found that Zn was primarily present in the insoluble residue (EDTA un-extractable) fraction in soils, with the median ratio of BCs/TCs 0.27. However, Pb and Cu had higher ratios of BCs/TCs (median values of 0.60 and 0.39, respectively) suggesting that they are potentially more bioavailable in the soils. The spatial distribution maps showed that both TCs and BCs for Cu, Pb and Zn in the study area were spatially heterogeneous. It was found that the BCs exhibited generally similar spatial patterns as their TCs of Cu, Pb and Zn: high values were mainly located in the west, north-east and south-east portions of the study area, where only a thin layer of topsoil existed. It was recommended that the current remediation action for this site needs to be carried out on an urgent basis. 相似文献
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Fu Chen Qi Zhang Jing Ma Qianlin Zhu Yifei Wang Huagen Liang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):113
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Soil pollution in day-care centers and playgrounds in Norway: national action plan for mapping and remediation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ottesen RT Alexander J Langedal M Haugland T Høygaard E 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(6):623-637
Systematic geochemical mapping based on sampling and analysis of surface soils (0–2 cm) has been carried out in several Norwegian
cities. The soils in the oldest parts of the cities are contaminated with metals (especially Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH). Due to the fact that children are often in contact with surface soil, it was realized that special focus had to be
directed towards soils in day-care centers and playgrounds. The first mapping and remedy program was initiated in Trondheim
in 1996. Here, the importance of copper–chromium–arsenic (CCA)-pressure-impregnated wood in playing equipment as a pollution
source for soils was documented, and a process was started with the aim to ban this product. Soils from day-care centers in
the inner city of Bergen were polluted to a degree that required remediation in 45% out of 87 centers, mainly due to high
concentrations of Pb and benzo(a)pyrene. In Oslo, 38% of 700 day-care centers needed remediation due to soil pollution by
Pb, BaP, Cd, Hg, Ni and PCB. Removal of CCA-impregnated wood was necessary in more than half of the day-care centers The Norwegian
parliament has decided to investigate all outdoor playing areas in day-care centers, playgrounds and schoolyards in Norway,
starting in 2007 with day-care centers in the ten largest cities and five most important industrial areas. The Norwegian Institute
of Public Health has developed quality criteria for soils in day-care centers and playgrounds for As, Cd, Cr6+, Hg, Ni, Pb, zinc, PAHsum16, benzo(a)pyrene, and PCBsum7. The Geological Survey of Norway has developed guidance for mapping of soil pollution (sampling, chemical analysis and reporting)
in day-care centers. Especially the sampling strategy has been developed in the period 1996–2007, and the preferred sampling
strategy is to collect at least 10 samples of surface soil (0–2 cm) from (1) “original soil” on the site, (2) artificial man-made
“hills”, and (3) soils used for growing vegetables. A total number of 2,000 day-care-centres are to be investigated, and necessary
remediation should be completed before the end of 2010. 相似文献
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土壤铬(VI)污染及微生物修复研究进展(Progress on Microbial Remediation of Chromium-Contaminated Soil) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在总结国内外相关研究基础上,介绍了土壤环境中铬(Cr)的污染来源、现状及其对生物的危害,阐述了Cr在土壤中的存在形态和转化机理,并重点综述了土壤重金属Cr(VI)污染的微生物修复机理:土壤中的Cr(VI)可以在微生物还原作用、生物吸附、富集等作用下降低其生物可利用性和毒性,从而达到Cr污染土壤修复的目的.此外,针对微生物修复过程中存在的问题,提出了提高微生物修复Cr污染土壤效果的措施,并对土壤Cr污染微生物修复的发展趋势进行了展望. 相似文献
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北京市某废弃化工厂的人类健康风险评价 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
由于北京城市化速度的加快,五环路内的工厂将陆续搬迁,搬迁后的土地,使用功能将发生根本性变化,由于修复成本较高,是否对受污染土地进行修复,需要借助健康风险评价,以便确保人们的健康安全.运用美国的健康风险评价框架,对北京市某废弃化工厂场地进行了健康风险分析,计算了将该废弃场地用作居住用地对人类的健康风险指数及确定是否需要进行修复.在场地内,分2次进行了3层土壤采样,共采集到80个样品.选取Cr、Zn、Ni、Pb、Hg、Cu、As、Cd、DDT、六六六(HCH)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DP)11种超标污染物作为目标污染物,对其进行健康风险评价.按照美国EPA的方法,选取了95%置信上限含量进行风险指数的计算.评价结果显示,该场地成人的非致癌风险指数为15.85,儿童的非致癌风险指数为18.17,均超过了非致癌风险指数可接受值1.0,表明该化工厂场地对成人和儿童均有非致癌风险;对成人,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的致癌风险指数为不可接受值(>1×10-4),对儿童,邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和DDT的致癌风险为不可接受值(>1×10-4),其它污染物的致癌风险均在可接受范围之内.由于案例中的场地将被用作居住用地,建议对该场地进行部分修复. 相似文献
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A review of combinations of electrokinetic applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohamad Jamali Moghadam Hossein Moayedi Masoud Mirmohamad Sadeghi Alborz Hajiannia 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(6):1217-1227
Anthropogenic activities contaminate many lands and underground waters with dangerous materials. Although polluted soils occupy small parts of the land, the risk they pose to plants, animals, humans, and groundwater is too high. Remediation technologies have been used for many years in order to mitigate pollution or remove pollutants from soils. However, there are some deficiencies in the remediation in complex site conditions such as low permeability and complex composition of some clays or heterogeneous subsurface conditions. Electrokinetic is an effective method in which electrodes are embedded in polluted soil, usually vertically but in some cases horizontally, and a low direct current voltage gradient is applied between the electrodes. The electric gradient initiates movement of contaminants by electromigration (charged chemical movement), electro-osmosis (movement of fluid), electrolysis (chemical reactions due to the electric field), and diffusion. However, sites that are contaminated with heavy metals or mixed contaminants (e.g. a combination of organic compounds with heavy metals and/or radionuclides) are difficult to remediate. There is no technology that can achieve the best results, but combining electrokinetic with other remediation methods, such as bioremediation and geosynthetics, promises to be the most effective method so far. This review focuses on the factors that affect electrokinetic remediation and the state-of-the-art methods that can be combined with electrokinetic. 相似文献
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氧化还原过程在铬的形态转化中起了重要作用,而铬形态的转化能够影响其生物有效性及毒性。通过温室土培试验研究了六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))与三价铬(Cr(Ⅲ))在淹水与不淹水条件下在土壤溶液中的动态变化及水稻对其吸收的变化。结果表明,土壤中添加Cr(Ⅲ)时,土壤溶液中检测不出Cr;而随着土壤中添加Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的增加,土壤溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度增加,但是溶液中检测不出Cr(Ⅲ);淹水处理总体上降低了土壤溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度。而土壤添加Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)和水分处理对土壤溶液p H没有显著影响,p H在7.08.0之间变动。土壤添加Cr(Ⅵ)处理的水稻中,只有90 mg·kg-1Cr(Ⅵ)淹水处理的水稻成活,而其余处理水稻没有成活。土壤中添加Cr(Ⅲ)处理,水稻幼苗生物量随Cr(Ⅲ)浓度的增加而显著降低;除了200mg·kg-1Cr(Ⅲ)处理外,其余淹水处理的水稻幼苗生物量明显高于不淹水处理的。土壤添加Cr(Ⅲ)处理的水稻,在不淹水条件下水稻空壳率比较高,淹水条件下,随着土壤中添加Cr(Ⅲ)浓度水平的增加,水稻各部位Cr含量有增加的趋势,但增加不显著,秸秆最高Cr含量达到33.80 mg·kg-1,籽粒中Cr含量最高0.30 mg·kg-1。土壤固定Cr(Ⅲ)的能力远强于Cr(Ⅵ),添加Cr(Ⅵ)处理的土壤溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度很高,对水稻表现出较强的生长抑制。 相似文献
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虱螨脲在棉花和土壤中的残留动态 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
在长沙和郑州2地进行田间试验,采用液相色谱技术研究虱螨脲在棉籽、棉叶及土壤中的残留动态.结果表明:虱螨脲在棉叶、棉籽和土壤中的添加回收率分别为86.0%~94.7%、88.5%~92.1%和83.9%~97.7%;最低检出浓度分别为0.025、0.025和0.006 mg·kg-1.虱螨脲在棉叶和土壤中的半衰期分别是3.06~3.45和2.51~2.88 d.在推荐使用剂量和高剂量条件下,收获的棉籽中虱螨脲最终残留量均未检出,拟推荐我国棉籽中虱螨脲的MRL(最高残留限量)值为0.05 mg·kg-1. 相似文献
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碱液循环强化电动力学修复氟污染土壤 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 V·cm~(-1)电解电压下,利用去离子水及NaOH溶液做电解液,研究了电解液不同循环方式下土壤氟在电动力学作用下的迁移特征,分析了利用碱液循环强化电动力学技术修复氟污染土壤的可行性.结果表明,以去离子水为电解液单独循环时,土壤氟的去除率为20.3%,而以NaOH溶液为电解液时去除率最高可达57.3%,碱性电解液可提高土壤氟的去除率,且随着碱性的增强土壤氟的去除率逐渐升高.电解液的不同循环方式也对土壤氟的去除产生显著影响,两极溶液串联循环时土壤氟的去除率明显升高.可以采用碱液循环强化电动力学技术修复氟污染土壤. 相似文献
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