中国兵器工业事故的分布特点

兵器工业事故容易受噪声影响。在时序上发生爆炸事故和机械伤害事故的事件明显地受社会状态的影响，社会混乱则事件数上升。各类爆炸物的事故与季节存在明显依赖关系，但是机械伤害事故与季节的关系不明显。本文提供了１６种事故的季节分布图。     

尊重当地宗教信仰 做好安全生产工作

按照伊斯兰教教义,斋月是伟大、喜庆、吉祥和尊贵的月份。斋月期间由于穆斯林改变饮食习惯,白天不吃饭、不喝水,而是改在夜间进行,导致体力下降、睡眠不足。根据PDO的统计,在斋月期间每周平均发生17起事故,是一年中的是事故的高发期。我们需要合理安排生产,保证每天睡眠时间在8小时,提供营养丰富的饮食,认真执行"不安全就停止工作"的政策,最终实现"零"事故的目标。     

HSE监理公司独立行使监督职能效果好

新疆石油管理局钻井公司是一个集石油天然气钻井勘探开发和钻井工艺专业技术服务为一体的综合性公司 ,生产特点是钻井战线长、流动性大 ,目前在新疆三大盆地和７个国外市场有钻井作业面。一、监督制度的形成新疆石油管理局虽然在安全生产上做了大量工作 ,投入了不少人力 ,但事故仍然没有得到有效地遏制 ,每年在钻井生产中发生各类事故５０多起 ,１９９７年年底还发生了一起死亡事故。通过深入分析 ,他们感到原来的安全管理方式只靠内部管理是不行的 ,必须要有外部监督 ,才能保证安全生产。于是在１９９７年的冬季施工中 ,公司开始向钻井队派…     

海上钻井职业伤害事故统计分析及预防对策

我国海洋油气产业正处于高速发展期,职业伤害事故在海洋油气开采特别是海上钻井过程中频繁发生,不仅严重影响作业进度和工程质量,而且造成人员伤亡,预防职业伤害事故至关重要。首先对亚太海域钻井职业伤害事故按照工种、作业类型、事故发生位置、人员受伤部位、工龄进行统计分析,然后分析事故的原因,总结事故发生规律,找到预防海上钻井职业伤害事故的重点监督工种、重点保护部位并提出重视新人的安全教育,加强安全监督,做好警示标志,减少事故高发位置人员的数量等预防对策,并为进一步改善海上钻井安全水平提出建议。     

江苏沿海地区化工事故时空变化分析与对策研究

统计汇总了2006—2009年江苏沿海地区发生的化工事故,分析事故发生的时间趋势、空间分布、事故原因、死亡人数以及类型等特点。结果表明:事故发生频次稳定,增长趋势不明显。71%的事故发生于园区内,29%的事故发生在分散企业。连云港事故主要发生于沿海化工区密集带,盐城事故主要分布于沿海化工区域,少数发生在内陆地区,南通事故发生地点较为分散。总体来看,江苏沿海地区化工事故具有数量多,影响广,造成的环境经济损失较大的特点。     

摸清规律 及时疏导

正自2014年《安全生产法》修订实施以来,煤矿安全生产形势逐渐好转,煤矿事故数量和人员伤亡数量均呈大幅下降趋势。但与其他主要产煤国,尤其是发达国家相比,我国煤矿安全问题依然严峻,2016年下半年,伴随煤炭市场回暖,事故量又有所回升,煤矿安全生产仍需引起高度重视。煤矿事故的发生在一年内有一定规律性,受季节因素影响明显,如雨季、夏收、临近年关等时段事故易多发。煤矿安全     

如何搞好基层HSE体系新(B)版宣贯

1．1重视和关注相关方管理和油田社会责任2003年重庆开县发生“12．23”特大井喷事故,243人死亡。据查死亡241人为周边老百姓。由于中石油集团川东钻井公司在开钻前对本队员工进行安全告知,本队员工知道井喷事故的危害性,知道硫化氢泄漏后应及时向上风向紧急逃生;而钻井公司却没有向周边老百姓进行危害告知,没有对居民进行预防事故发生的安全教育,并且制订和落实在意外发生时组织居民迅速撤退的应急方案,导致事故发生后,老百姓撤离不及时。     

化工园区应急管理培训路径

<正>当前,我国化工园区数量呈现井喷式增长,各类化工事故频繁发生,仅2016年4月,就发生了近10起化工事故;4月22日,江苏靖江化工物流仓储发生爆炸;同年4月30日,无锡通安助剂厂爆炸等。该类化工事故危险性大、危害广、处置复杂,对救援人员、指挥人员的应对能力和水平提出考验,其应急管理能力往往会在应急处置中起到决定性作用,所以如何提高应急管理人员的水平是重要课题。应急管理培训作为提高应急管     

五项举措 确保监管实效——敦化市安监局狠抓非煤矿山企业安全生产

冬季,正是各种事故多发易发的季节。为进一步加强对冬季非煤矿山的安全管理和监管工作,遏制各类事故的发生,敦化市安监局采取"五项举措",确保非煤矿山企业冬季安全生产。--强化领导。敦化市地处山区,海拔又比较高,每到冬季这里便是冰     

我国较大及以上生产安全事故特征及严重程度分析

为实现我国较大及以上生产安全事故(MWSA)数据的有效管理,减少事故发生及降低事故严重程度,基于2010—2022年国务院安委会挂牌督办的278起MWSA,建立通用的MWSA数据库,从事故发生时间、空间、行业、类型维度探究事故特征分布,并依据事故严重程度的综合量化指标,构建分位数回归模型全面识别事故严重程度的影响因素。结果表明：在时空分布上,6—9月的事故起数和死亡人数处于高峰,日照充足的白天(7:00—18:00)事故起数和死亡人数占比多达2/3,经济发达省/直辖市(京津江浙沪闽)事故较少;爆炸和车辆伤害为主要事故类型。在0.05的显著性水平下,事故类型、发生日期、季节、日照条件、天气、平均温度、企业员工规模、企业成立时长等8个因素分别在不同分位点处与事故严重程度显著相关。其中,天气、平均温度是低严重度事故中影响事故后果的重要因素,100人以下的企业员工规模因素增大了极端严重事故发生的可能性。     

Developing safety indicators for preventing offshore oil and gas deepwater drilling blowouts

An important question with respect to the Macondo blowout is whether the accident is a symptom of systemic safety problems in the deepwater drilling industry. An answer to such a question is hard to obtain unless the risk level of the oil and gas (O&G) industry is monitored and evaluated over time. This article presents information and indicators from the Risk Level Project (RNNP) in the Norwegian O&G industry related to safety climate, barriers and undesired incidents, and discusses the relevance for deepwater drilling. The main focus of the major hazard indicators in RNNP is on production installations, whereas only a limited number of incident indicators and barrier indicators are related to mobile drilling units. The number of kicks is an important indicator for the whole drilling industry, because it is an incident with the potential to cause a blowout. Currently, the development and monitoring of safety indicators in the O&G industry seems to be limited to a short list of “accepted” indicators, but there is a need for more extensive monitoring and understanding. This article suggests areas of extensions of the indicators in RNNP for drilling based on experience from the Macondo blowout. The areas are related to schedule and cost, well planning, operational aspects, well incidents, operators’ well response, operational aspects and status of safety critical equipment. Indicators are suggested for some of the areas. For other areas, more research is needed to identify the indicators and their relevance and validity.     

Harnessing database resources for understanding the profile of chemical process industry incidents

Analyzing historical databases can provide valuable information on the incident occurrences and their consequences for assessing the safety of the chemical process industry. In this study, the RMP and HSEES databases were utilized to understand the patterns and the factors influencing chemical process industry incidents. Frequency exceedance curves were generated by utilizing the different incident consequences from the databases to understand the profile of societal loss from reported incidents. Understanding the statistics and trends of the historical incidents could serve as important lagging indicators in order to assess the probable proximity to major consequences from the low-probability/high-consequence incidents. To this regard, the safety pyramids were also generated to better understand the relationship between the different consequences of the reported incidents. Furthermore, the safety pyramids were analyzed in comparison with the traditional safety pyramid proposed by Heinrich to understand the US process industry incident occurrence trends.     

Global process safety incidents in the pharmaceutical industry

The objective of this research is to analyse global process safety incidents within the pharmaceutical industry in terms of their consequences and factors contributing to the incidents. There were 73 process safety incidents leading to 108 fatalities found between 1985 and 2019. Trends between the number of incidents, number of fatalities, location, and contributing factors were identified and summarized. The most reported fatalities occurred in 2018 & 2019. 83% of fatalities occurred in China and India. Explosions were associated with 71% of incidents, which resulted in 89% of fatalities. For most of the international incidents, incident investigations were not available and thus insufficient details were available to determine the causes. Contributing factors were available or estimated from available data for about half of the incidents, with the following most common: hazard awareness & identification; operating procedures; design; safeguards, controls & layers of protection; safety culture; and preventive maintenance. These findings can be used as a basis to improve process safety performance in the pharmaceutical industry.     

Do industrial incidents in the chemical sector create equity market contagion?

IntroductionThis paper examines a number of US chemical industry incidents and their effect on equity prices of the incident company. Furthermore, this paper then examines the contagion effect of this incident on direct competitors.MethodEvent study methodology is used to assess the impact of chemical incidents on both incident and competitor companies.ResultsThis paper finds that the incident company experiences deeper negative abnormal returns as the number of injuries and fatalities as a result of the incident increases. The equity value of the competitor companies suffer substantial losses stemming from contagion effects when disasters that occur cause ten or more injuries and fatalities, but benefit from the incident through increasing equity value when the level of injury and fatality is minor.ConclusionsPresence of contagion suggests collective action may reduce value destruction brought about by safety incidents that result in significant injury or loss of life.Practical ApplicationsThis research can be used as a resource to promote and justify the cost of safety mechanisms within the chemical industry, as incidents have been shown to negatively affect the equity value of the not just the incident company, but also their direct competitors.     

Risk management of cost consequences in natural gas transmission and distribution infrastructures

A critical aspect of risk management in energy systems is minimizing pipeline incidents that can potentially affect life, property and economic well-being. Risk measures and scenarios are developed in this paper in order to better understand how consequences of pipeline failures are linked to causes and other incident characteristics. An important risk measure for decision-makers in this field is the association between incident cause and cost consequences. Data from the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) on natural gas transmission and distribution pipeline incidents are used to analyze the association between various characteristics of the incidents and product loss cost and property damage cost. The data for natural gas transmission incidents are for the period 2002 through May 2009 and include 959 incidents. In the case of natural gas distribution incidents the data include 823 incidents that took place during the period 2004 through May 2009. A two-step approach is used in the statistical analyses to model the consequences and the costs associated with pipeline incidents. In the first step the probability that there is a nonzero consequence associated with an incident is estimated as a function of the characteristics of the incident. In the second step the magnitudes of the consequence measures, given that there is a nonzero outcome, are evaluated as a function of the characteristics of the incidents. It is found that the important characteristics of an incident for risk management can be quite different depending on whether the incident involves a transmission or distribution pipeline, and the type of cost consequence being modeled. The application of this methodology could allow decision-makers in the energy industry to construct scenarios to gain a better understanding of how cost consequence measures vary depending on factors such as incident cause and incident type.     

Migrating an incident reporting system to a CCPS process safety metrics model

A major chemical company established a formal incident investigation and reporting system several years ago. The original system focused heavily on worker-related injuries, illnesses, and near-misses and was used primarily to track statistics reportable to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). This Occupational Injury and Illness (OII) approach has been recognized to be an ineffective tool for measuring, predicting, and preventing process safety incidents. The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) recently published guidelines on how to establish safety metrics for the measurement and reduction of process safety incidents. The process safety metrics approach relies upon leading and lagging metrics to improve organization process safety. This paper is a case study of the analysis of one organization’s incident database, which represents approximately five years of data from over a dozen facilities. The aim of this investigation was to extract useful process safety metrics from the incident investigation and reporting system, which would be pertinent to the types of process units and process functions at these facilities. This paper will discuss the approach taken to extract process incident information from an OII-based database and present the difficulties of performing an analysis on such a database. This paper provides guidance on how to migrate an existing OII-based reporting system to a program that includes process safety metrics in accordance with industry best practices.     

What can the trove of CSB incident investigations teach us? A detailed analysis of information characteristics among chemical process incidents investigated by the CSB

Understanding the commonalities among previous chemical process incidents can help mitigate recurring incidents in the chemical process industry and will be useful background knowledge for designers intending to foster inherent safety. The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) reports provide detailed and vital incident information that can be used to identify possible commonalities. This study aims to develop a systematic approach for extracting data from the CSB reports with the objective of establishing these commonalities. Data were extracted based on three categories: attributed incident causes, scenarios, and consequences. Seventeen causal factors were classified as chemical indicators or process indicators. Twelve chemical indicators are associated with the hazards of the chemicals involved in the incidents, whereas five process indicators account for the hazards presented by process conditions at the time of the incident. Seven scenario factors represent incident sequences, equipment types, operating modes, process units, domino effects, detonation likelihood for explosion incidents, and population densities. Finally, three consequence factors were selected based on types of chemical incidents, casualties, population densities, and economic losses. Data from 87 CSB reports covering 94 incidents were extracted and analyzed according to the proposed approach. Based on these findings, the study proposes guidelines for future collection of information to provide valuable resources for prediction and risk reduction of future incidents.     

Factors contributing to US chemical plant process safety incidents from 2010 to 2020

Process safety incidents can result in injuries, fatalities, environmental impacts, facility damage, downtime & lost production, as well as impacts on a company's and industry's reputation. This study is focused on an analysis of the most commonly reported contributing factors to process safety incidents in the US chemical manufacturing industry. The database for the study contained 79 incidents from 2010 to 2019, partly investigated by the Chemical Safety Board (CSB). To be included in the study, the CSB archive of incident investigations were parsed to include only incidents which occurred at a company classified as 325 in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), assigned to businesses that participate in chemical manufacturing. For each incident, all of the identified contributing factors were catalogued in the database. From this list of identified contributing factors, it was possible to name the ‘top three’ contributing factors. The top three contributing factors cited for the chemical manufacturing industry were found to be: design; preventive maintenance; and safeguards, controls & layers of protection. The relationship between these top contributing factors and the most common OSHA citations was investigated as well. The investigation and citation history for NAICS 325 companies in the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) citations database was then analysed to assess whether there was any overlap between the top reported contributing factors to process safety events and the top OSHA citations recorded for the industry. A database consisting of the inspection and citation history for the chemical manufacturing industry identified by NAICS code 325 was assembled for inspections occurring between 2010 and 2020 (August). The analysis of the citation history for the chemical manufacturing industry specifically, identified that the list of the top contributing factors to process safety incidents overlapped with the most common OSHA violations. This finding is relevant to industry stakeholders who are considering how to strategically invest resources for achieving maximum benefit – reducing process safety risk and simultaneously improving OSHA citation history.     

石油企业中东突发公共事件应急管理三阶段模式设计

深入海外石油市场进行境外石油的勘探、开发、加工与利用成为解决能源供需矛盾的主要手段。中东市场与国内环境差异较大,诸多因素容易引发公共事件。以三阶段模式:事件预防、事中控制及事后恢复对中东环境分析,从四方面对突发事件进行控制,为事后恢复、降低突发共公事件的衍生性、波动性奠定基础,并结合中国石化胜利油田EPC实例,分析得出突发公共事件应急管理的性质和三阶段模式对我国石油企业在中东生存和发展的意义。