对中国城市生活垃圾分类的思考及建议

城市生活垃圾已成为许多城市当前面临的极为严峻的问题,而城市生活垃圾的分类是实现垃圾减量化、无害化、资源化的基础。主要针对中国目前多数城市未进行垃圾分类的现状进行分析,并就实行垃圾分类提出建议。     

关于生活垃圾分类的市场化研究

生活垃圾分类是改善生态环境,提升居民文明素养的有效平台,开展生活垃圾分类具有深远意义。对生活垃圾分类收集市场产业化运作模式进行了分析,以问题为导向,建立统筹谋划,靶向失策,系统改革的工作思路,对城市开展生活垃圾分类收集市场化发展提供了理论依据。     

影响居民生活垃圾分类情况调研分析 ——以南通市为例

分析了生活垃圾分类过程中存在的问题,以城市社区居民作为调查对象,采用线上线下问卷调查的方式对居民垃圾分类的影响因素开展调研分析.结果发现:政府垃圾分类的行为对居民开展垃圾分类影响较大;从计划行为理论来看,居民的行为态度、主观规范和感知行为控制3个因素对其开展垃圾分类有一定的影响;居民性别、年龄、学历及身份特征等的个体特...     

生活垃圾分类减量现状与展望

以上海市为例总结了生活垃圾分类工作的发展历程,分析了生活垃圾分类减量工作的重要意义,对上海市2011年以来生活垃圾分类减量工作的目标、方法、存在问题等进行阐述,并提出了下一步加强生活垃圾分类减量工作的发展方向和对策措施。     

北京市生活垃圾分类标准体系框架研究

为认真贯彻落实习近平总书记关于垃圾分类工作的重要指示精神,配合《北京市生活垃圾管理条例》正式实施,北京市开展垃圾分类工作。根据北京市垃圾分类实际工作需要,按照垃圾分类全流程梳理标准,构建标准体系。以标准体系为基础,整理垃圾分类标准存量情况,分析标准制修订需求,梳理垃圾分类过程,为今后制定生活垃圾分类相关标准提供理论支撑,实现对标准的科学管理,系统地指导北京市垃圾分类工作,构建垃圾分类新发展格局。     

以回收利甩标准破解“垃圾围城”

生活垃圾处理已经成为各城市面临的难题。在已有研究基础上分析了城市垃圾分类收集存在的严重问题和影响居民实施垃圾分类的关键因素,概述了现有的垃圾分类收集标准和废弃产品回收利用标准内容,最后提出加强实施相关标准、促进垃圾分类收集的建议。     

广州市生活垃圾分类体系现状及对策研究

梳理了我国城市生活垃圾分类体系的发展和价值取向的转变。在对广州市生活垃圾的组分、回收再利用率和再处理情况进行分析的基础上,对推动广州市生活垃圾分类体系发展提出了明确环保价值取向,以有机易腐垃圾分类体系发展(尤其是废弃生鲜农产品)为重点,确立有机易腐垃圾分类体系的公益地位,推行有机易腐垃圾分类激励机制的对策。     

关于城市垃圾分类收集的思考

城市垃圾分类收集是实施可持续发展战略的要求,也是处理城市垃圾问题的必然选择.在论述垃圾分类收集的必要性与重要性的基础上,指出了我国城市垃圾分类收集的现状及存在的问题,并对采取垃圾分类收集的具体措施进行了探讨.     

校园生活垃圾“三元二级分类”体系研究

垃圾分类是垃圾处理的基础,探索适宜的垃圾分类模式,将助力生活垃圾强制分类和处理。以山东农业大学南校区为例,采用"三元二级分类"体系,对校园生活垃圾分类进行探索;对分类后的湿垃圾资源化进行研究;对推进高校生活垃圾分类进行探讨。"三元分类"实现干、湿分离,及对特种垃圾单列;"二级分类"对三大类再进行细分。对山东农业大学南校区生活垃圾经过6次取样,统计结果为湿垃圾占比63.91%、干垃圾占比35.58%、特种垃圾占比0.51%。对其中的湿垃圾利用黄粉虫和白星花金龟过腹转化进行研究,结果表明,利用微生物+两种环境昆虫组合技术,最大可实现湿垃圾资源化减量95%,占生活垃圾总量的60.71%。在推进高校生活垃圾分类研究中,总结了成立创新团队和建立生活垃圾分类及湿垃圾资源化示范基地两条可行路径。     

山东省城镇居民生活垃圾分类行为研究

分析山东省城镇居民垃圾分类的现状,研究山东省城镇居民垃圾分类行为的影响因素。运用主成分分析法对居民垃圾分类行为的影响因素进行研究。居民认为处理垃圾分类时较复杂;阻力决定垃圾分类行为;居民易受到外界环境的影响。加强垃圾分类知识宣传力度、完善政策、提高技术水平等,是提高居民生活垃圾分类参与度的关键。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from PET Waste and Crude Glycerol

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste from post-consumer soft-drink bottles and crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry were used for the preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams. PET waste was firstly depolymerized by the glycolysis of diethylene glycol. The glycolyzed PET oligomers were then reacted with crude glycerol at different weight ratios to produce polyols via a series of reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, condensation, and polycondensation. The polyols were characterized by titration, viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, polyurethane (PU) foams were made via the reaction between the produced polyols and polymeric methylene-4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate and were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyols from crude glycerol and their PU foams were also prepared to compare properties with those of polyols and PU foams from PET and crude glycerol. The influence of aromatic segments existing in glycolyzed PET and glycerol content on the properties of the polyols and PU foams was investigated. It was found that aromatic segments of polyols from glycolyzed PET helped increase their molecular weights and improve thermal stability of PU foams, while high glycerol content in polyols increased the hydroxyl number of polyols and the density and compressive strength of PU foams.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene

A comparison of waste and virgin polypropylene (PP) plastics under slow pyrolysis conditions is presented. Moreover, mixtures of waste PP with wastes of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were pyrolyzed under the same operating conditions. Not only the impact of waste on degradation products but also impacts of the variations in the mixing ratio were investigated. The thermogravimetric weight loss curves and their derivatives of virgin and waste PP showed differences due to the impurities which are dirt and food residues. The liquid yield distribution concerning the aliphatic, mono-aromatic and poly-aromatic compounds varies as the ratio of PP waste increases in the waste plastic mixtures. In addition to this, the alkene/alkane ratio of gas products shows variations depending on the mixing ratio of wastes.     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

Novel and innovative pyrolysis and gasification technologies for energy efficient and environmentally sound MSW disposal

Within the context of European Union (EU) energy policy and sustainibility in waste management, recent EU regulations demand energy efficient and environmentally sound disposal methods of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Currently, landfill with its many drawbacks is the preferred option in the EU and many other industrialised countries. Within the waste management hierarchy thermal disposal especially incineration is a viable and proven alternative. But, the dominating method, mass-burn grate incineration has drawbacks as well particularly hazardous emissions and harmful process residues. In recent years, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have emerged to address these issues and improve the energy output. To keep the many players in the field comprehensively informed and up-to-date, novel and innovative technology approaches emphasising European developments are reviewed.     

高校环境管理和废弃物处理处置

高校是社会的一个特殊群体,承载着人才培养、科学研究、社会服务和文化传承创新等重任.解决好广大师生在日常工作、学习和生活中所产生的各类废弃物的处理处置问题,以及大学校园的环境规划和环境管理问题,是办好现代大学的重要工作.就高校面临的环境问题、高校环境管理的特殊性和高校废弃物处理处置中应该注意的问题等进行探讨.     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。     

Laboratory Experiments and Estimation of Cumulative Infiltration and Sorptivity

Soil water cumulative infiltration affects the environment by controlling the irrigation rate and consequently the water and pollutants movement through the ground. In order to study the cumulative infiltration in a sandy soil sample, experiments were performed in the laboratory. The sample was placed uniformly in a transparent column with an inner diameter of 6 cm. A constant head boundary condition of a 2 mm height was applied on the surface of the sample and the cumulative volume of the incoming water was measured. Soil moisture at four locations of the column was measured, by using the TDR method in order to obtain the moisture profiles. By comparing the values of the infiltrated water volumes with those calculated by the integration of the moisture profiles, a good agreement was found out. Also the Parlange theoretical model fitted very well with the infiltration experimental points.