TFJF型燃烧催化剂

研制了一种天然沸石堇青石蜂窝(TFJF)型燃烧催化剂以考察其催化特性.结果表明,这种催化剂对含芳烃、酮、酯、酸、酚等毒性较大、臭味重的有机废气均有很高的催化燃烧活性.反应温度为180—300℃时,净化率达99％以上,并可耐800℃多的高温,能满足漆包线等工厂废气治理的要求.     

催化燃烧法处理含苯废气的实验

本实验研究了含苯废气在ABO_3型稀土合金蜂窝催化剂上进行催化燃烧时,废气浓度、空速和催化床展长度对净化率的影响,分别得到了苯浓度、空速,床层长度对转化率影响的数学表达式,并确定了实验室条件下的较佳操作参数范围.     

挥发性有毒化学品的催化燃烧法处理

为了有效地处理气态、液态有毒化学品,研制了高效催化剂和相应的工艺方案,实验结果表明,甲烷和甲苯蒸汽的完全氧化温度分别为420℃和260℃,性能明显优于目前的商品催化剂,对于液态甲苯的燃烧,在预热到240℃催化床起燃后,可连续不断燃烧,不需外加热量。此外,在甲烷催化燃烧反应动力学的研究中,建立并采用了转化率和反应速率常数的关系式,从而得出催化燃烧反应的表观活化能,为评价和改进催化剂提供了新的研究方法。     

自热式催化燃烧处理含正已烷废气实验研究

本文研究了自热式催化剂用于含正已烷废气的处理过程,确定了电功率与催化床层温度关系,探索了自热式催化过程中正已烷浓度、空速对其转化率的影响,给出了实验室条件下的较佳操作参数范围。     

柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒催化消除研究进展

本文针对柴油车尾气中碳烟颗粒污染环境的问题,综述了国内外关于碳烟颗粒催化消除及其作用机理的研究进展.指出了转换频率(TOF)更能从真正意义上表征催化剂的内在活性,从而有利于认识真实的反应机制和开发更高活性的催化剂.基于碳烟催化燃烧技术的特点和存在的问题,对今后相关的研究工作进行了展望.     

甲醇和甲苯蒸汽在锰(Ⅱ)催化剂上燃烧的动力学研究

本文研究了甲醇和甲苯蒸汽在锰(Ⅱ)催化剂上燃烧的动力学规律。确定了甲醇—锰(Ⅱ)及甲苯—锰(Ⅱ)两个催化反应体系分别对甲醇及甲苯的反应级数,测定了反应的活化能和频率因子,建立了反应的动力学方程式。进一步了解了锰(Ⅱ)催化剂治理甲醇废气的催化燃烧性能,为应用锰(Ⅱ)催化剂治理甲醇废气的催化燃烧装置的设计提供了动力学数据。     

炭黑尾气中可燃气态污染物的净化及回收利用

本文研究炭黑工业尾气中可燃气态污染物ＣＯ、Ｈ＿２及ＣＨ＿４等的净化及其余热的回收利用。其中主要研究炭黑尾气的主要来源、组成、发生量及特性，以及炭黑尾气的净化及回收利用。研究表明，直接燃烧法是我国目前炭黑尾气净化和回收利用的最佳方法。应用直接燃烧法，不仅可将炭黑尾气中可燃气态污染物销毁，使之变为无害的物质ＣＯ＿２和Ｈ＿２０，并可回收利用可燃气态污染物燃烧时放出的热量，可供炭黑工业余热利用率提高２０％。     

氟里昂12(CCl2F2)燃烧分解催化剂性能的研究

本文对贵金属、氧化物和复合氧化物体系催化剂上氟里昂_(12)(F_(12))燃烧分解反应进行了活性评价和稳定性研究.结果表明:TiO_2,ZrO_2/TiO_2催化剂对氟里昂_(12)燃烧分解反应具有良好的低温催化活性和较好的稳定性,ZrO_2/TiO_2催化剂具有一定的臭氧-催化氧化活性     

负载型稀土复合氧化物燃烧催化剂的失活研究

本文探讨了负载型稀土复合氧化物燃烧催化剂在使用过程中失活的主要特征.通过XRD,TEM,BET比表面测定及不同使用期的活性测定.证实催化剂在使用后的4—8个月内,烧结是失活的主因;而XPS谱显示硫中毒有积累性,以SO_4~(2-)形式沉积于催化剂表面,构成了燃烧催化剂后期失活的主要因素.由于催化燃烧反应在较高的温度下进行,并充分供氧,所以积炭引起失活的可能性较小,这可以从孔容数据和一些电镜照片中得到证实.     

Cr/γ-Al_2O_3对乙酸乙酯的催化燃烧

使用浸渍法制备不同负载量的Cr/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,研究乙酸乙酯的催化燃烧.BET,XRD结果表明,Cr在γ-Al_2O_3上负载存在分散阈值效应,负载量在阈值以下时呈单层分散形式,在超过阈值时Cr形成结晶,实验测得单层分散阈值与理论计算一致.Raman结果表明Cr在单层分散时为Cr~(6+),而在非单层分散时为Cr_2O_3.催化乙酸乙酯燃烧的活性研究显示,阈值效应对催化活性有显著影响:催化活性在单层分散阈值时最好,此时活化能最高,指前因子最大.     

Self-sustained catalytic combustion of CO enhanced by micro fluidized bed: stability operation,fluidization state and CFD simulation

● Catalytic combustion in fluidized bed realizes efficient heat and mass transfer. ● Catalytic combustion in fluidized bed reduces the lean combustion limits. ● Catalytic combustion and flame combustion can be coupled. ● The diffusion/kinetics limited reaction model is suitable for catalytic combustion. A micro fluidized bed reactor was used to study the self-sustaining catalytic combustion of carbon monoxide (CO). The Cu_1−xCe_xO_y catalyst, as well as the pure CuO and CeO₂, are used to investigate the contributing mechanism of different active sites including dispersed CuO and Cu–Ce solid solutions. The ignition temperature (T_i) of CO over these catalysts at a flow rate of 2000 mL/min followed the order: 74 °C (Cu_0.5Ce_0.5O_y) < 75 °C (Cu_0.25Ce_0.75O_y) < 84 °C (Cu_0.75Ce_0.25O_y) < 105 °C (CuO) < 500 °C (CeO₂). Furthermore, the lean combustion limits (equivalence ratio ϕ) over these catalysts under the flow rates of 750–3000 mL/min (through fixed, bubbling, and fluidized bed) were also measured, which are Cu_0.5Ce_0.5O_y < Cu_0.25Ce_0.75O_y < Cu_0.75Ce_0.25O_y < CuO < CeO₂. The fluidized bed was simulated using the Eulerian two-fluid model (TFM) coupled with a diffusion/kinetic-limited reaction model to evaluate the influence of operation conditions on the self-sustained combustion of CO. The predicted maximum temperature agreed with the experimental measurements, demonstrating the validity of the kinetic model and simulation parameters. The results of catalytic combustion with increasing CO concentrations suggest that the catalytic combustion reaction could co-exist with the flamed combustion. When a high concentration of CO is used, a blue-purple flame caused by CO combustion appears in the upper part of the fluidized bed, indicating that the range of CO-containing exhaust gas purification could be expanded to a larger range using the fluidized-bed catalytic combustion technique.     

Control of chlorinated aromatic compounds from a municipal solid waste incinerator using limestone addition

In this study, limestone powder was directly added to synthetic MSW, which was fed into a small‐scale fluidized bed incinerator. The concentration of CBzs and CPs in the flue gas were measured before and after a secondary combustion air injection. Finally, the PCDDs and PCDFs concentrations were also measured in the flue gas after the secondary combustion zone. The CaCO₃ added to synthetic MSW not only controls HCl in the flue gas, but suppresses the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds like CBzs, CPs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. The main mechanisms to control the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds was more likely related to the suppression of catalytic capability of flyash than the HCl reduction in the flue gas. However, the NO concentration was increased by catalytic reaction of limestone in the fluidized bed.     

La2O3—ZrO2缺陷萤石型燃烧催化剂的制备

缺陷萤石型Ｌａ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２固溶体的催化燃烧活性受制备条件的影响，本文通过对其共沉淀前体的表面结构和热分解过程的分析，发现共沸蒸馏的办法可以有效地控制前体表面羟基的缩合过程，减少团聚，保持前体中金属离子均匀分散，为生成缺陷有序的烧结石型的Ｌａ２Ｚｒ２Ｏ７复氧化物提供了可能。复合氧化物固溶体的表面阳离子配置情况与样品的催化氧化性能密切相关，软团聚前体的烧结产物对甲烷燃烧反应具有更高的催化活性。     

低浓CH4催化燃烧的研究

制备了陶瓷蜂窝结构贵金属和金属氧化物催化剂,研究了CH_4的氧化活性,其中金属Pd催化剂具有最佳的活性,使用Pd催化剂测定了低浓CH_4燃烧的若干基本参数,获得若干基础性的结果。     

Pd nanoparticles entrapped in TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotubes for complete butane catalytic combustion at 130 °C

Air pollution by volatile organic compounds is a major health issue due to increasing industrialization and urbanization, notably in the developing countries. Cleaning organic pollutants by catalytic combustion is a potential solution, but actual methods require relatively high temperatures, thus increasing remediation costs. There is therefore a need for methods that operate at mild temperatures. Here we prepared a novel catalyst made of Pd nanoparticles entrapped in TiO₂ nanotubes by vacuum-assisted impregnation. Then, we tested this catalyst for butane combustion. The catalyst was characterized by N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, transmission electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis coupled with a scanning transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed oxidation. Results show a complete combustion of butane at 130 °C, which is about 20 °C lower than temperatures required by actual catalysts made of Pd nanoparticles deposited on the exterior surface of TiO₂ nanotubes. Structure characterization suggests that this higher performance at lower temperature is explained by the confinement of TiO₂ nanotubes. Such a confinement could hinder the metal sintering and, in turn, facilitate the formation of PdO during oxidation on the entrapped Pd nanoparticles.     

Promoting effect of Zr on the catalytic combustion of methane over Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The effect of Zr on the catalytic performance of Pd/y-A1203 for the methane combustion was investigated. The results show that the addition of Zr can improve the activity and stability of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which, based on the catalyst characterization （N2 adsorption, XRD, CO- Chemisorption, XPS, CHa-TPR and O2-TPO）, is ascribed to the interaction between Pd and Zr. The active phase of methane combustion over supported palladium catalyst is the Pd^0/Pd^2＋ mixture. Zr addition inhibits Pd aggregation and enhances the redox properties of active phase Pd^0/ Pd^2＋. H2 reduction could effectively reduce the oxidation degree of Pd species and regenerate the active sites （Pd^0/ pd^2＋）.     

Complete oxidation of methane on Co3O4-SnO2 catalysts

Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides were prepared by the coprecipitation method and were used to oxidate methane (CH₄) in presence of oxygen. The Co₃O₄-SnO₂ with a molar ratio of Co/(Co + Sn) at 0.75 exhibited the highest catalytic activity among all the Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides. Experimental results showed that the catalysts were considerably stable in the CH₄ combustion reaction, and were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). It was found that Co₃O₄ was the active species, and SnO₂ acted as a support or a promoting component in the Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides. The surface area was not a major factor that affected catalytic activity. The hydrogen temperatureprogrammed reduction (H₂-TPR) results demonstrated that the interaction between cobalt and tin oxides accelerated the mobility of oxygen species of Co₃O₄-SnO₂, leading to higher catalytic activity.     

煤燃烧过程中5种微量元素的迁移和富集

通过一维炉燃烧模拟实验,研究了褐煤、肥煤、无烟煤及其燃烧产物中As,Cr,Pb,Cd,Hg的含量和分布;计算了在不同燃烧条件下的飞灰和底灰对煤的元素含量比和富集因子,以及飞灰对底灰的元素含量比和富集因子;详细探讨了3种煤在不同燃烧过程中5种元素的迁移和富集行为．结果表明,5种元素在各燃烧产物中都有一定含量的分布,只是各元素在不同燃烧过程中所呈现的集散规律不同,说明煤燃烧过程中微量元素的迁移和富集行为不仅与煤中微量元素的含量和赋存状态有直接关系,还受煤燃烧方式、炉温、气氛条件等人为因素的影响．