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Christian Brandt Rudi Van Eldik 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1997,31(24):4247-4249
The iron(III)-catalyzed autoxidation of sulfur(IV)-oxides results in the formation of two different oxidation products of sulfur(IV): dithionate, S2O62−, and sulfate, SO42−. The yield of these reaction products depends on the experimental conditions. Under the studied conditions ([Fe(III)] : [SIV)] = 1:10, pH = 2–4) dithionate is the minor reaction product. The formation of dithionate is influenced by the initial pH but not by the initial O2 concentration. The presence of CO2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ have no influence on the yield of dithionate, whereas in the presence of Cr3+ less and, in the presence of Cu2+, no dithionate is formed. 相似文献
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MB(A2/O)处理城市污水富磷上清液的化学除磷研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为开发新型除磷脱氮工艺,研制了将MBR和A2/O工艺相结合的新型MB(A2/O)反应器。研究了MB(A2/O)反应器处理城市污水厌氧富磷上清液的化学除磷,并分析了过程机理及特性。结果表明:对于TP在30~45 mg/L的富磷上清液,采用含20% Ca(OH)2的工业石灰与P的最佳投加质量比为22.5;纯Ca(OH)2与P的最佳投加质量比为5.6(摩尔比为2.5);FeSO4·7H2O与P的最佳投加质量比为10.7(Fe2+与P的摩尔比为1.3);Al2(SO4)3·12H2O与P的最佳投加质量比为12(Al3+与P的摩尔比为1.3)时,均可使出水TP稳定在0.3 mg/L以下;以石灰、NaOH的联合投加方式可大幅减少石灰投加量。 相似文献
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为开发新型除磷脱氮工艺,研制了将MBR和A2/O工艺相结合的新型MB(A2/O)反应器。研究了MB(A2/O)反应器处理城市污水厌氧富磷上清液的化学除磷,并分析了过程机理及特性。结果表明:对于TP在30~45 mg/L的富磷上清液,采用含20% Ca(OH)2的工业石灰与P的最佳投加质量比为22.5;纯Ca(OH)2与P的最佳投加质量比为5.6(摩尔比为2.5);FeSO4·7H2O与P的最佳投加质量比为10.7(Fe2+与P的摩尔比为1.3);Al2(SO4)3·12H2O与P的最佳投加质量比为12(Al3+与P的摩尔比为1.3)时,均可使出水TP稳定在0.3 mg/L以下;以石灰、NaOH的联合投加方式可大幅减少石灰投加量。 相似文献
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The presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites, i.e. 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexanal, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid in wastewater sludge (WWS) were investigated during aerobic digestion and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based fermentation of WWS. Ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation pre-treatment was applied to improve biodegradability of WWS and bioavailability of the target compounds for digestion and fermentation. DEHP and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were observed at higher concentration, meanwhile 2-ethylhexanol and 2-ethylhexanal were observed at lower concentration in WWS. After 20-day aerobic digestion, DEHP removal was 72%, 89%, and 85%, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid removal was 71%, 84%, 79%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges. Bt was found to degrade DEHP, leading to DEHP removal of 21%, 40%, and 30%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges in the fermentation. The results suggested that aerobic stabilization and Bt-based fermentation can remove the phthalates, and pre-treatment of WWS was also effective in improvement of DEHP biodegradation. Hence, Bt-based biopesticide production from WWS can be applied safely when taking into consideration the phthalate contaminants. 相似文献
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在汞固定床实验台上进行了飞灰-氢氧化钙和PPS滤料负载飞灰-氢氧化钙吸附单质汞,以及不同温度、气体成分对滤料负载吸附剂脱除汞影响的实验研究。实验结果表明,质量配比为2:1的飞灰-Ca(OH)2吸附剂对Hg0的脱除效果最好,最高可达到34.5%左右,比纯飞灰条件下的脱除效率提高了近10%。120℃条件下,PPS滤料负载飞灰-Ca(OH)2吸附剂对汞的脱除率最高达72%,远高于滤纸薄膜上吸附剂的脱除率。随着温度升高,PPS滤料负载吸附剂的脱除效率降低。HCl、SO2和NO对PPS负载吸附剂脱除汞表现出不同程度的促进作用,HCl具有很强的促进作用,少量HCl足以大幅度提高脱除效果,SO2有一定的促进作用,NO的促进效果并不明显。 相似文献
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微波活化对Ca(OH)2孔隙结构及脱氯性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用微波炉对一定质量的氢氧化钙样品进行活化,利用压汞仪考察了不同微波活化时间及脱氯反应前后的Ca(OH)2总比孔表面积、分段比表面积和孔径分布的变化,并在脱氯实验台上对脱氯效率进行实际测试。结果表明,微波活化存在一个最佳时间,在此时间内样品比孔表面积增大50%左右,而超过这一时间样品比表面积回复性减小;微波活化主要通过增加3~20 nm孔径段的微孔为样品提供更大比表面积;这些新增加的微孔在脱氯反应过程中被完全利用或消耗; 最佳活化时间下的微波活化使Ca(OH)2在较低Ca/Cl摩尔比下获得更大脱氯效率,Ca/Cl摩尔比=4.1时,脱氯效率增加了20%。 相似文献
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以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,在TiO2表面合成DEHP分子印迹聚合物,制备了分子印迹型TiO2(MIP-TiO2),优化了制备工艺条件。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FI-IR)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对MIP-TiO2进行表征,并考察了MIP-TiO2对DEHP的光催化降解性能。结果表明,MIP-TiO2的最佳制备工艺条件为模板分子、单体、交联剂和TiO2的摩尔比为1:4:10:1.875,反应温度为60 ℃;聚合时间为18 h。MIP-TiO2仍保持了和TiO2一样的锐钛矿型结构,对DEHP 的光催化效果明显高于TiO2,对浓度为5 mg·L-1的DEHP的光催化降解效率可达88.15%。 相似文献
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改良型A2/O-MBR工艺的反硝化除磷性能研究简 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
重点考察了一种改良型膜生物反应器(A2/O-MBR)的脱氮除磷性能。该工艺主要特点在于对膜池硝化回流液进行了固液分离,并将上清液和浓缩污泥分别回流至缺氧池和厌氧池,这种改进提高了系统对氮、磷的同步去除效率。实验结果表明,在水力停留时间(HRT)为12 h,污泥龄(SRT)为30 d,混合液回流比为200%的运行条件下,进水COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP平均浓度分别为(225±38)、(24.8±3.9)、(26.7±2.9)和(2.90±0.53)mg/L时,增加膜池硝化回流液固液分离装置前后,系统对COD和NH4+-N的去除都维持在较高水平,而系统对TN和TP的去除效果显著提高,出水TN和TP平均浓度分别由(14.9±3.3)mg/L和(1.95±0.72)mg/L下降到(9.4± 1.9)mg/L和(0.91±0.38)mg/L,表明增加膜池硝化回流液固液分离装置显著改善了A2/O-MBR系统的脱氮除磷效果。反硝化除磷活性实验结果进一步表明,改进后系统中反硝化除磷活性占总除磷活性的比例由51.5%上升至61.7%,说明增加膜池硝化回流液固液分离装置强化了系统的反硝化除磷性能。 相似文献
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Milko Novi? Irena Grgi? Mateja Poje Vida Hudnik 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1996,30(24):4191-4196
Redox cycling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) during the catalyzed aqueous S(IV) oxidation by dissolved oxygen in the presence of Fe(II) and/or Fe(III) at an initial pHi of 4.4, often observed in atmospheric waters, was studied in detail. It has been found that the reaction rate is not considerably affected by the oxidation state of iron at the start of the reaction. An equilibrium between Fe(II) and Fe(III) was established a few minutes after the start of the reaction, regardless of the oxidation state of iron at the beginning of the experiment. The prevailing oxidation state of iron in a particular phase of the reaction depends on the concentration of S(IV) in the reaction solution. It has been found that the formation of polymerized hydroxo Fe(III) species is also included in the mechanism of the Fe-catalyzed oxidation of S(IV). The formation of these species was confirmed by the on-line measurement of Fe(II) and Fereac. The results also clearly demonstrate that the pHi of the solution is a major factor, controlling the concentration of Fe(III) ions, the form of S(IV) species, and consequently the reaction rate of S(IV) oxidation by oxygen. 相似文献
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Qingchun Huang Jihua Wu Yuping Kong Manhui Liu Song Cao 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):305-310
The photodynamic decomposition of two new insect-growth inhibitors (IGRs), 2-tert-butyl-5-[5′-aryl-2′-(1′,3′,4′-oxadiazolyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinones (OPB) and its 4-chloro substituted derivative (OPC), and effect of surfactants on persistence of their bioactivity were taken into investigation. Both chemicals were significantly induced to photolysis by ultraviolet light at 365 nm wavelength and their inhibitory activities against Pseudaletia separata larvae decreased with the increasing irradiation time. However, irradiation at 254 nm wavelength didn't cause their photodegradation. Triton X-100 and Succinic-sulfonie acidic sodium but not Tween 60 possessed strong capability to slow down the decomposition and obviously prolonged the half life of OPC in laboratory and field whilst effects of the three surfactants almost did not preserve the inhibitory activity of OPB. Data suggested that electron-withdrawing halogen (?Cl) on the π electron system in planar benzene-oxadialyl structures might reduce the efficiency of OPC on ultraviolet (UV) photoabsorption, and its hydrophobic interaction with the surfactants might be beneficial for forming stable micellar solubilization, thus sustaining the chemical's bioactivity. 相似文献
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Raphael A. Lavoie Louise Champoux David R.S. Lean 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2189-2199
Concentrations of organochlorines (OCs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and mercury (Hg) were measured in eggs of six seabird species breeding in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes were used as ecological tracers to measure trophic level and connectivity with benthos, respectively. Concentrations, patterns as well as ecological tracers varied significantly between species. The sum of polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs) was the most important group measured in all seabird species based on concentration followed generally by the sum of chlorinated pesticides (ΣCPs), the sum of brominated flame retardants (ΣBFRs) and finally total Hg (THg). ΣPCBs, ΣCPs and ΣBFRs increased with trophic level, whereas THg did not. Only ΣBFRs increased with a higher connectivity with the benthos. Seabird species resident to the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence ecosystem showed higher Hg and BFR levels than migratory species. Molt patterns were used to explain variations of contaminant levels. 相似文献
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为研究铬污染地下水化学类型对硫系还原剂除铬的影响,采用批实验的方式,分别比较了3种还原剂焦亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O5)、连二亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O4)、多硫化钙(CaSx)对SO4-Na型、SO4-Ca型、Cl-Na型和HCO3-Ca型4种地下水中去除Cr(VI)的效果。结果表明,在20℃有氧条件下,4种地下水环境中还原剂的除铬能力受到了不同程度的抑制,其中HCO3-Ca型地下水中的抑制作用最大。但当Na2S2O5、Na2S2O4、CaSx投加量分别为理论投加量的30.8、21.7和2.4倍时,4种地下水中Cr(VI)的去除率均大于90%。Na2S2O5投加量与水中HCO3-含量的摩尔比大于0.5时,Cr(VI)才可能被还原去除;Na2S2O4对Cr(VI)的去除率由高到低排序是:SO4-Na型 > Cl-Na型 > SO4-Ca型 > HCO3-Ca型;CaSx的除铬效果在不同地下水化学类型中的差异最小。地下水的HCO3-含量越高,缓冲能力越强,抑制作用越明显,所需还原剂投加量越多。 相似文献
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采用共沉淀法合成磁性复合材料NiFe2O4/ZnAl-LDH,通过静态吸附试验考察复合材料去除水中Cr(VI)的性能,系统地研究了溶液初始pH值、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和温度等因素对Cr(VI)去除效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液初始pH值为2、初始Cr(VI)浓度为50 mg·L-1、吸附剂投加量为4 g·L-1时,吸附过程在240 min内达到平衡,此时Cr(VI)的去除率为89.5%。动力学和吸附等温式的研究表明:NiFe2O4/ZnAl-LDH吸附Cr(VI)的过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型。热力学参数表明该吸附过程为自发、放热的反应过程,低温有利于吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附。吸附剂经4次再生后对Cr(VI)仍有83.1%的去除率,且其在外加磁场的作用下能快速与水溶液分离,因此NiFe2O4/ZnAl-LDH可作为去除水中Cr(VI)的良好吸附剂。 相似文献
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2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is known as an important chemical intermediate and an environmental endocrine disruptor. There is no paper dealing with the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 2,4-DCP, mainly due to shortage of chronic and site-specific toxicity data. In the present study, toxicity data was obtained from the tests using six Chinese native aquatic species. The HC5 (hazardous concentration for 5% of species) was derived based on the constructed species sensitivity distribution (SSD), which was compared with that derived from literature toxicity data of non-native species. For invertebrates, the survival no-observed effect concentrations (NOECs) were 0.05 and 1.00 mg L−1 for Macrobrachium superbum and Corbicula fluminea, respectively. NOECs based on fishes’ growth were 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mg L−1 for Mylopharyngodon piceus, Plagiognathops microlepis and Erythroculter ilishaeformis, respectively. For aquatic plant Soirodela polyrhiza, NOEC based on concentration of chlorophyll was 1.00 mg L−1. A final PNEC calculated using the SSD approach with a 50% certainty based on different taxa ranged between 0.008 and 0.045 mg L−1. There is no significant difference between HC5 derived from native and that from non-native taxa. 相似文献
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Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of H2O2/Fe(II) molar ratio, pH, sequence of pH adjustment, initial As(V) concentration, and interfering ions on As(V) removal in H2O2-Fe(II) process from synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD). The optimum H2O2/Fe(II) molar ratio was one for arsenate removal over the pH range of 4-7. Arsenate removal at pH 3 was poor even at high Fe(II) dosage due to the high solubility of Fe(III) formed in situ. With the increase of Fe(II) dosage, arsenate removal increased progressively before a plateau was reached at pH 5 as arsenate concentration varied from 0.05 to 2.0 mg L−1. However, arsenate removal was negligible at Fe/As molar ratio <3 and then experienced a striking increase before a plateau was reached at pH 7 and arsenate concentration ≥1.0 mg L−1. The co-occurring ions exerted no significant effect on arsenate removal at pH 5. The experimental results with synthetic AMD revealed that this method is highly selective for arsenate removal and the co-occurring ions either improved arsenate removal or slightly depressed arsenate removal at pH 5-7. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) derived As-Fe length, 3.27-3.30 Å, indicated that arsenate was removed by forming bidentate-binuclear complexes with FeO(OH) octahydra. The economic analysis revealed that the cost of the H2O2-Fe(II) process was only 17-32% of that of conventional Fe(III) coagulation process to achieve arsenate concentration below 10 μg L−1 in treated solution. The results suggested that the H2O2-Fe(II) process is an efficient, economical, selective and practical method for arsenate removal from AMD. 相似文献