西双版纳勐养山地雨林群落生态学研究

依据5个25m×20m样地的调查,对西双版纳勐养热带山地雨林的群落结构、种类组成、生活型构成、多样性、种面积关系等进行了研究.结果显示,勐养山地雨林主要由茜草科、桃金娘科、肉豆蔻科、樟科、大戟科等植物种类组成,以黄棉木(Metadina trichotoma)、华夏蒲桃(Syzygium cathayense)、假广子(Knema erratica)及山桂花(Paramicheliabaillonii)为乔木优势种;群落乔木层以中叶、全缘、革质、尾尖、常绿植物占优势,灌草层植物则以中叶、全缘、纸质叶植物为主;藤本植物中以木质藤本占优势,板根和茎花现象少见.各种性质表明该群落是西双版纳较为典型的山地雨林群落类型,可命名为黄棉木-华夏蒲桃林.图1表5参22     

Ecology,feeding competition and social structure in baboons

Predictions of the model of van Schaik (1989) of female-bonding in primates are tested by systematically comparing the ecology, level of within-group contest competition for food (WGC), and patterns of social behaviour found in two contrasting baboon populations. Significant differences were found in food distribution (percentage of the diet from clumped sources), feeding supplant rates and grooming patterns. In accord with the model, the tendencies of females to affiliate and form coalitions with one another, and to be philopatric, were strongest where ecological conditions promoted WGC. Group fission in the population with strong WGC was “horizontal” with respect to female dominance rank, and associated with female-female aggression during a period of elevated feeding competition. In contrast, where WGC was low, females’ grooming was focused on adult males rather than other females. Recent evidence suggests that group fission here is initiated by males, tends to result in the formation of one-male groups, and is not related to feeding competition but to male-male competition for mates. An ecological model of baboon social structure is presented which incorporates the effects of female-female competition, male-male competition, and predation pressure. The model potentially accounts for wide variability in group size, group structure and social relationships within the genus Papio. Socio-ecological convergence between common baboons and hamadryas baboons, however, may be limited in some respects by phylogenetic inertia. Received: 22 April 1994/Accepted after revision: 9 December 1995     

Ecology, management and monitoring of grey dunes in Flanders

Grey dunes are a priority habitat type of the European Union Habitats Directive and demand special attention for conservation and management. Knowledge of the ecology of coastal grey dunes can contribute to this policy. Dune grassland succession is initiated by fixation and driven by the complex of soil formation (humus accumulation) and vegetation development. Leaching and mobilization of CaCO₃. which are important in nutrient dynamics, complicate the picture. At present, grass- and scrub encroachment greatly overrules these fine scaled soil processes and causes substantial loss of regional biodiversity. Belgium has an international responsibility in grey dune conservation because of the limited range of its characteristic vegetation, flora and fauna. As biomass removal seems essential in grassland preservation, grazing is an important management tool. Evaluation of management measures focuses on biodiversity measurements on the levels of landscape, community and species.     

景观生态学在农业景观生态规划中的应用

从景观生态学的基本原理入手 ,阐述景观生态学在农业景观生态规划中的应用。认为农业景观规划设计不仅关注景观的“土地利用”、“土地肥力”以及人类的短期需求 ,更强调景观的生态价值和美学价值及其带给人类的长期效益。农业景观生态规划设计的中心任务就是创建一个可持续发展的整体区域生态系统。以江苏省宝应县为例进行分析     

生态学范式下的清洁生产、产业生态和循环经济分析

运用生态学理论,从个体生态、种群生态、群落生态和生态系统生态4个生态学尺度上对清洁生产、产业生态和循环经济进行类比分析,论述了清洁生产与个体生态学、生态产业与种群生态学和群落生态学、循环经济与生态系统生态学的内在联系及3者之间的相容和递进关系,指出当前清洁生产和产业生态研究与实践中存在的局限性,认为提高清洁生产实施的层次,扩大清洁生产实施的范围,将产业生态研究上升到产业生态系统层面是清洁生产和产业生态未来研究和实践的方向,3者在不同层面的实践将最终推动人类不断接近可持续发展的理想目标.     

Editorial board page for “Chemistry and Ecology”, Volume 11, Number 1

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Editorial board page for “Chemistry and Ecology”, Volume 17, Number 3

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Editorial board page for “Chemistry and Ecology”, Volume 13, Number 3

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Editorial board page for “Chemistry and Ecology”, Volume 8, Number 2

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Editorial board page for “Chemistry and Ecology”, Volume 3, Number 1

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Editorial board page for “Chemistry in Ecology”, Volume 2, Number 2

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