从"乡土情结"看农家乐的发展走向——以南充市近郊农家乐为例

乡村旅游是现代生态旅游的重要组成部分,农家乐是近20年我国发展最为迅速的乡村旅游形式之一。首先分析了“乡土情结”的由来和与农家乐旅游的紧密联系,进而指出“乡土情结”是旅游者到农家乐去旅游的根本动机,它具体体现在中国人身上就是“土地情结”和“家乡情结”。在此基础上,剖析了农家乐旅游者由“情结”产生的旅游动机和旅游偏好。这类旅游者势必要求体验原汁原味的农家生活情趣,借以慰藉自己的“乡土情结”;然后对南充市近郊农家乐的发展现状和存在的误区进行诊断,以此对南充市近郊农家乐的发展走向提出建议,那就是“走原味之路”。     

大城市郊区农村环境污染现状及治理对策

在城市环境日益得到改善的同时,农村环境正日趋恶化。尤其是在经济发达的大城市郊区农村,工业化、城镇化进程较快,各类污染源相互交织,严重阻碍了大城市发展和新农村建设的进程。本文以上海市某郊区为例,通过对农村地区实地调研,综合分析了郊区农村环境特点、环境污染现状,并探讨了农村环境污染的成因,在此基础上提出农村环境污染的治理对策建议。     

促进城市冷链物流资源向农村合理转移的措施研究——以云南欠发达地区为例

冷链物流资源在农村和城市有着很大的差距,这种差别影响到生鲜食品在城乡间的有效配送,因此研究冷链物流资源向农村合理转移的措施具有重要意义.基于云南欠发达地区城市和农村冷链物流现状,分析了农村冷链物流的不足和城市能提供的帮助,并在此基础上提出相应的对策和建议.研究表明,信息、交通、运输成本、人力、收益率等因素制约了云南欠发达地区冷链物流的发展.为了促进城乡冷链物流协调发展,缩小城乡冷链差距,城市可加大对农村地区的资金、科技和人力扶持,促进城市的优质资源向农村转移,以实现冷链物流整体效率的提高和社会资源的合理配置.     

基于活动偏好的西安市“农家乐”旅游市场细分

面向细分市场开发特色旅游产品是克服目前国内＂农家乐＂发展普遍存在的产品初级化和同质化现象的有效途径。基于游客活动偏好,应用市场调查获取的第一手数据,采用聚类分析方法对西安市＂农家乐＂旅游市场进行细分研究。细分结果表明,西安市＂农家乐＂旅游市场可按照旅游者的活动偏好不同划分为回归田园型、静态休闲型、康乐健身型、娱乐参与型和阳光运动型5个类型。与全国其他城市一样,西安市＂农家乐＂旅游市场的主体是市区和郊区的市民,且市场职业分异不显著,自驾车旅游者和大学生是西安市＂农家乐＂旅游市场的两个重要组成部分。根据市场细分结果,提出面向不同细分市场,打造特色旅游产品和根据游游客出行特点,改善交通基础设施发展＂农家乐＂的建议。     

云南境内金沙江流域城乡关系与协调发展战略研究

以金沙江流域为例,从城镇化发展及其辐射影响、城乡经济发展差别、城乡居民生活水平、城乡生产要素的流动与配置、城乡商品流通、城乡社会发展改革、城乡公共服务设施、城乡社会保障8个方面对金沙江流域城乡关系进行了分析,总结了限制城乡区域协调发展的思想观念、政策、城市发展和农村发展基础等方面的因素。基于金沙江流域城乡区域协调发展的基础和前景,提出了加快城镇及农村村镇建设发展、推进农业产业化发展进程、完善城乡基础交通网络、建设农村社会公共服务设施体系、加快实施城乡生态建设工程的五大战略,以及保障实施的政策建议与措施。     

基于活动偏好的西安市"农家乐"旅游市场细分

面向细分市场开发特色旅游产品是克服目前国内"农家乐"发展普遍存在的产品初级化和同质化现象的有效途径.基于游客活动偏好,应用市场调查获取的第一手数据,采用聚类分析方法对西安市"农家乐"旅游市场进行细分研究.细分结果表明,西安市"农家乐"旅游市场可按照旅游者的活动偏好不同划分为回归田园型、静态休闲型、康乐健身型、娱乐参与型和阳光运动型5个类型.与全国其他城市一样,西安市"农家乐"旅游市场的主体是市区和郊区的市民,且市场职业分异不显著,自驾车旅游者和大学生是西安市"农家乐"旅游市场的两个重要组成部分.根据市场细分结果,提出面向不同细分市场,打造特色旅游产品和根据游游客出行特点,改善交通基础设施发展"农家乐"的建议.     

新时期长春市郊区化进程及其对策分析

长春市郊区化发展过程中,中心商业区人口迁往近郊区,但工业布局主要集中在市区,产业调整以后要对地域格局做出适宜调整,以此推动城市工业郊区化;部分位于城市中心的教育科研单位已开始向郊区迁移。长春市郊区化存在城市交通拥挤、周边环境恶化等问题,建议政府加强宏观指导,建立并完善城市公共交通系统,加快郊区基础设施与生活服务设施建设,合理规划郊区居住区,促使城市由单中心向多中心发展。     

上海郊区小型沼气发展的前景与方向

文章介绍了上海郊区沼气开发利用的发展历程和现状,分析了上海沼气发展萎缩的原因,指出上海在节能减排的大形势、寻找合理的农村生活垃圾处理出路和解决小型禽畜养殖场的环境问题等压力下,对郊区的沼气发展产生了新的需求。而以小型养殖场为中心、吸纳农村有机生活垃圾的小型沼气系统则是上海郊区未来沼气发展的方向,也是新农村环境整治的可行途径。     

城郊区新农村建设中环境经济协同发展路径——以成都郊区为例

城郊区是城市和农村的过渡和交叉地带,既是新型城镇化的辐射领域,也是新农村建设的重点区域。以成都市郊区为例,分析了其环境经济协同发展的实践探索,得出了城郊区新农村建设中环境经济协同发展的实现路径:依据城郊区的功能定位,结合紧靠城市的特点,推进城乡一体化的进程;通过环境功能区划,优化空间布局;发挥农业的多功能性,积极探索符合区情的环境经济协同发展的新道路。     

城乡融合视角下农村公用事业发展困境及路径探索

农村公用事业的发展既是促进当地经济社会发展的基础性工程,也是统筹城乡融合发展格局的关键性保障。在我国新型城镇化推进过程中,长期存在政府投资力度不足、公用设施发展滞后、资源配置不合理和城乡要素流动不顺畅等现实困境,农村公用事业发展始终难以与城市接轨,农村居民始终无法和城市居民享受同等的便利公共服务。基于城乡融合的视角,应不断完善城乡一体化公用事业建设规划体系,促进资金和技术要素向农村地区畅通流动。通过探索农村公用事业公私合作模式,推动农村公用设施升级改造,探索农村监管机构驻点设置,建立城乡不定期联合监管和错区域监管机制等路径,加快推进农村公用事业发展,为我国新型城镇化建设奠定坚实的基础。     

城市生态环境质量评价——以南充市为例

以可持续发展理论为指导,结合南充生态城市建设的要求,对南充城市生态环境进行定量评价并提出改进对策。采用城市空气污染指数API等23个指标,应用层次分析法对四川省第二座大城市南充的生态环境质量进行定量评价,2010年南充城市的生态质量综合值P为0.67,达到Ⅲ级标准,城市生态可持续发展水平状况良好。伴随着快速的城市化和人口激增,南充城市生态问题日益突出。主要问题表现为:老城区交通拥堵、绿地面积小、建筑屋间距不够,城市环境指数低,工业园区建设与城市房地产开发占用较多土地,城市原生态的生态-地貌景观被人为过度的破坏与改造,城市经济有待进一步发展。     

农村面源污染现状分析与防治对策——以四川省南充市为例

通过走访、问卷调查及查阅文献等形式对四川省南充市农村面源污染现状进行调研,为加强农村环境质量监督监测及污染防治提供依据。结果表明:过量施用化肥和农药,畜禽废弃物、生活废水和垃圾、污水灌溉等是农村面源污染日趋严重的主要原因。为此,本文针对性地提出了推广循环农业和先进适用技术,加强基础设施建设及完善法规体制等对策。     

Urban Sprawl and Rural Landscapes: perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland, Oregon

In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue--primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change in Portland. We combine findings from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with planning policy regarding the UGB.     

The importance of differentiating urban and rural phenomena in examining the unequal distribution of locally desirable land

Previous research addressing the unequal distribution of locally desirable land (LDL) has mainly ignored their associated environments (i.e., rural or urban). However, this study proposed a new framework that treats rural and urban regions separately. In rural areas, the LDLs included all public lands. In urbanized areas, the LDLs were defined as green open spaces. Potential inequities in the distribution of LDL were assessed with respect to socioeconomic characteristics of residents in the State of Georgia. Using US Census Bureau Data (2000), Census Block Groups (CBGs) adjacent to LDLs were compared to CBGs outside of LDLs on four socioeconomic variables (per capita income, occupation, education, and race) in urban, suburban and rural environments. Results showed that CBGs adjacent to LDLs were composed of statistically significant upper-class communities containing fewer blue-collar workers, more whites, and higher income and higher educated people in rural, suburban and urban areas.     

Urban Sprawl and Rural Landscapes: Perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland,Oregon

In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue—primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change in Portland. We combine findings from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with planning policy regarding the UGB.     

From Boom to Bust? An Assessment of the Impact of Sustainable Development Policies on Housing in the Republic of Ireland

In many countries, moves towards sustainable development have been driven by a range of international agreements and by EU directives. This paper assesses the impact of international policy in this area on Irish housing policy and practice. To a large extent, Irish housing development has consisted of suburban sprawl on greenfield sites, low-density housing and one-off housing in rural areas. There is strong dependence on the car and very limited public transport. These unsustainable housing trends was exacerbated in recent years when the demand for housing increased significantly. The main response to this demand has been a substantial rise in the construction of housing. The paper examines the conceptualization and operationalization of sustainable housing in Irish policy and reveals that international developments have had some impact on policy but a very limited effect in practice.     

Is Denser Greener? An Evaluation of Higher Density Development as an Urban Stormwater‐Quality Best Management Practice1

Abstract: A simple spreadsheet model was used to evaluate potential water quality benefits of high‐density development. The question was whether the reduced land consumed by higher density development (vs. standard suburban developments) would offset the worse water quality generated by a greater amount of impervious surface in the smaller area. Total runoff volume and per acre loadings of total phosphorous, total nitrogen, and total suspended solids increased with density as expected, but per capita loadings and runoff decreased markedly with density. For a constant or given population, then, higher density can result in dramatically lower total loadings than more diffuse suburban densities. The model showed that a simple doubling of standard suburban densities [to 8 dwelling units per acre (DUA) from about 3 to 5 DUA] in most cases could do more to reduce contaminant loadings associated with urban growth than many traditional stormwater best management practices (BMPs), and that higher densities such as those associated with transit‐oriented development could outperform almost all traditional BMPs, in terms of reduced loadings per a constant population. Because higher density is associated with vibrant urban life, building a better city may be the best BMP to mitigate the water quality damage that will accompany the massive urban growth expected for the next several decades.     

城市人居环境与经济发展协调性分析——以南充市城市建成区为例

城市人居环境与经济协调发展是实现南充市可持续发展的重要途径。文章利用主成分分析法,求出1997—2006年南充市城市建成区人居环境与经济系统的综合发展指标,分析近10年城市人居环境与经济协调程度。     

Landform Classification for Land Use Planning in Developed Areas: An Example in Segovia Province (Central Spain)

Landform-based physiographic maps, also called land systems inventories, have been widely and successfully used in undeveloped/rural areas in several locations, such as Australia, the western United States, Canada, and the British ex-colonies. This paper presents a case study of their application in a developed semi-urban/suburban area (Segovia, Spain) for land use planning purposes. The paper focuses in the information transfer process, showing how land use decision-makers, such as governments, planners, town managers, etc., can use the information developed from these maps to assist them. The paper also addresses several issues important to the development and use of this information, such as the goals of modern physiography, the types of landform-based mapping products, the problem of data management in developed areas, and the distinctions among data, interpretations, and decisions.     

MODELING TRANSIENT pH DEPRESSIONS IN COASTAL STREAMS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA USING NEURAL NETWORKS1

ABSTRACT: Transient events in water chemistry in small coastal watersheds, particularly pH depressions, are largely driven by inputs of precipitation. While the response of each watershed depends upon both the nature of the precipitation event and the season of the year, how the response changes over time can provide insight into landscape changes. Neural network models for an urban watershed and a rural‐suburban watershed were developed in an attempt to detect changes in system response resulting from changes in the landscape. Separate models for describing pH depressions for wet season and dry season conditions were developed for a seven year period at each watershed. The neural network models allowed separation of the effects of precipitation variations and changes in watershed response. The ability to detect trends in pH depression magnitudes was improved by analyzing neural network residuals rather than the raw data. Examination of sensitivity plots of the models indicated how the neural networks were affected by different inputs. There were large differences in effects between seasons in the rural‐suburban watershed whereas effects in the urban watershed were consistent between seasons. During the study period, the urban watershed showed no change in pH depression response, while the rural‐suburban watershed showed a significant increase in the magnitude of pH depressions, likely the result of increased urbanization.