乌昌地区废旧轮胎回收利用现状调查及分析

选取新疆经济发展最快的乌昌地区为靶区,以现场调查资料为基础,根据国内外废旧轮胎回收利用发展变化特点,对该区域的废旧轮胎现状进行了统计分析,并对乌昌地区废旧轮胎的产生量进行了预测。通过对乌昌地区废旧轮胎回收市场特点的调查研究,指出了乌昌地区废旧轮胎回收市场目前存在的问题,提出了相应的建议和措施。     

吸波材料反射率的现场测量方法

通过对微波暗室中安装在墙壁上的吸波材料反射率的现场测量方法的研究,采用矢量网络分析仪对吸波材料反射率进行现场测量时,利用时域门技术来减小暗室现场对吸波材料反射率测量的影响,通过比较标准金属板和吸波材料的测量值得到吸波材料的反射率。     

波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用的MPS法数值模型研究

为了研究波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用过程中大自由表面变形和堤内渗流等强非线性紊流运动问题,利用改进的MPS法,建立了模拟波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用的MPS法数值计算模型。模型将抛石潜堤假定为均质多孔介质,采用Drew的二相流运动方程描述多孔介质内外的流体运动;通过在动量方程中增加非线性阻力项,并引入亚粒子尺度紊流模型,模拟波浪与可渗结构物相互作用过程中的紊流运动。选取“U”型管中多孔介质内渗流过程和孤立波与可渗潜堤相互作用两个典型的渗流问题,通过将数值计算结果与理论解和实测值的对比分析,对所提出的MPS法紊流渗流模型的模拟精度进行验证。结果表明：基于改进的MPS法构建的垂向二维紊流渗流模型可以很好地再现 “U”型管中多孔介质内渗流以及波浪作用下可渗潜堤内外的复杂流场,显著缓解流-固界面处的压力震荡与粒子分布不均匀问题,实现了较高的模拟精度。     

海上溢油下潜过程特征的实验考察

海上溢油行为的研究是预测其归宿、控制其危害的关键所在。由于目前对溢油下潜于水时所受多因素影响、经历多个子过程的综合效应不清,文章用挡板烧瓶模拟波浪,考察其行为特征。结果表明:波浪类型对下潜率影响最大,破碎波和规则波下油的下潜率差异可达79.8%;上浮过程的影响可使得下潜率随时间出现最大值,随分散剂含量的增加有最大值。对比静置中下潜率的变化规律,可认为波浪通过夹带和破碎作用使油下潜,分散剂则增加了下潜稳定性。实验结果可对海面溢油下潜过程的预测提供理论依据和实验数据。     

岛屿地形下的核电厂护岸防洪设计研究

对国内第一个岛屿地形下核电厂的护岸防洪设计进行了研究,提出直立式护岸结构方案以满足核电厂防洪和避让毗邻海岛的要求。在波浪数值模拟计算结果基础上,开展了波浪整体物理模型试验、波浪局部整体物理模型试验和波浪断面物理模型试验,对护岸的越浪量和结构稳定性进行了优化验证。研究结果表明,岛屿地形下,波浪破碎和波能集中导致护岸堤身坡脚处波高增大,须加高挡浪墙和优化挡浪墙结构型式;在相同的越浪量标准下,采用直立堤结构相对斜坡堤结构对应的护岸挡浪墙的高程须明显加高;利用部分海岛地形斜坡高地作为厂区护岸一部分时,原状海岛地形斜坡高地处的波浪爬高效应明显,须加高邻近护岸挡浪墙的高程。     

碟形越浪式波能发电装置的三维数值模拟

基于计算流体力学软件的三维数值模拟技术,分析了碟形越浪式波能发电装置的越浪性能,通过构建基于水气两相VOF(Volume of Fluid)模型的三维数值波浪水槽对该装置进行三维数值模拟研究,数值计算结果与物理试验结果相互对比验证较为吻合,验证了所构建的三维数值波浪水槽的可靠性,通过考察装置的坡度、导流叶片个数、干舷高度对越浪性能的影响确定装置的最优结构参数。结果表明,在装置的斜坡面边缘增加回流板可减少波浪的反射,提高装置的越浪性能。在数值模拟中将装置的斜坡面边缘处安装回流板对碟形越浪式波能发电装置参数进行优化,通过分析回流板的长度对装置越浪性能的影响来探索最优回流板长度。     

前墙结构对OWC气室捕能效果影响的数值研究

基于不可压缩黏性流体理论VOF(VolumeofFluid)方法建立了二维数值波浪水槽模型,将模拟波形与波浪理论值进行对比,分析了模型可靠性,并利用该模型研究了5种不同前墙结构OWC气室在不同波高、周期时的出气口速度和气室内空气压强。基于模拟结果,从波能-动能转换效率和气室内空气压强角度分析了前墙结构对OWC气室的捕能效果的影响。结果表明:对于传统的直立型OWC 气室,采用合适的前墙结构可有效提高OWC气室的捕能效果;相比三角截面(20D型,30D型)和矩形(Y型)截面前墙,采用椭圆截面(20TY 型,30TY 型)的前墙结构的捕能效果更优,且在周期较大(1.6和1.8s)时其作用更显著,其波能-动能转换率相对Y 型前墙结构气室平均提升37%;5种前墙结构不同的气室中,20TY型和30TY型前墙结构气室的捕能效果最优。     

多管齐下,推进企业节能减排——玲珑集团有限公司节能减排工作侧记

玲珑集团是一家以轮胎为主业,主辅并举、多元发展的集团化公司,涵盖轮胎制造、机电加工、化工原料、建筑建材、热电联产等八大行业领域,下属企业20多家,总资产100多亿元,是中国大型企业500强、中国制造业500强企业。公司以轮胎主业为核心,园区为平台,发展低碳经济,倡导绿色制造,先后投资60多亿元建设了热电联产、炭黑、钢丝、水泥、粉煤灰砖等项目,形成了以能源为保障、原材料生产为辅助、轮胎生产为核心的循环经济产业链,不仅实现了工业三废的资源化和再利用,而且对水、汽、热等资源和能源进行了高效的综合利用。     

废轮胎等离子体热解固体产物性质研究

等离子体热解废弃轮胎的产物包括可燃气、固体产物两部分,本文利用工业分析、元素分析、SEM扫描、XPS表面分析、NMR分析等手段考察了等离子体热解固体产物的特性,并与轮胎工业用碳黑做了对比研究。研究结果表明,废轮胎等离子体热解固体产物可作为热解碳黑进行回收利用。     

废旧可充电池资源化新工艺研究

本文研究了废旧可充电池中Ni、Cd、Co的回收新工艺.混合电池经消电后粉碎至柱径不大于5mm的粉末,在600℃下灼烧1 h.得到的粉末用碳酸铵水溶液浸取,过滤使Ni、Cd、Co与Fe分离;用催化氧化方法,将含氨滤液中形成的Co(OH)3沉淀析出;用含LIX64N的煤油作苹取剂从上述滤液中分离出Ni,再通过逐出溶液中的NH3,得到CdCO3沉淀.     

WIND GENERATED WAVES IN LAKE OKEECHOBEE1

ABSTRACT: The study of wind generated waves is important because waves affect sediment resuspension in lakes. Measurements of wind velocity and wave elevation were made at three different stations in Lake Okeechobee. Significant wave heights were computed using a direct count from the recorded data, and verified by the root-mean-square value approach. The correlation between wind stress and significant wave height also was analyzed. The data revealed a strong correlation. In addition to field measurements, a Boussinesq-type wind-wave model was developed to simulate wind-generated, long-propagating waves. This model included the effects of wind stress and bottom viscous dissipation. Wave elevation and velocity field were evaluated numerically. A six-day simulation using 1996 wind data was conducted. Simulated significant wave heights were found to agree reasonably well with measured values. A predictive wind-wave model provides information about wind generated waves, which is used to compute bottom shear stresses required for sediment resuspension studies.     

Waste minimisation in practice

One of the major hindrances to waste minimisation on a construction site is the difficulty in establishing a methodology and using this methodology to benchmark future construction projects. This paper introduces SMARTWaste, a software tool that has been used to audit, reduce and target waste arisings on a construction site. This tool tries to link the construction process and the waste hierarchy. That is reducing waste on a construction site rather than landfilling it. Three applications of the SMARTWaste software will be discussed using case studies from three different types of construction. An evaluation of these case studies shows that, by implementing a waste minimisation scheme on-site, you can improve material recovery for reuse. Also, by using the waste arisings as a benchmark you can reduce your waste arisings on future sites. Application of SMARTWaste or a similar waste minimisation tool on a wider basis could reduce waste arisings and could result in a built environment that consumed less natural resources and energy, and also produced less pollution and waste. Such a built environment would be environmentally and socially more responsive and responsible.     

A model for estimating construction waste generation index for building project in China

The increasing construction and demolition (C&D) waste causes both cost inefficiency and environmental pollution. Many countries have developed regulations to minimize C&D waste. Implementation of these regulations requires an understanding of the magnitude and material composition of waste stream. Construction waste generation index is a useful tool for estimating the amount of construction waste and can be used as a benchmark to enhance the sustainable performance of construction industry. This paper presents a model for quantifying waste generation per gross floor area (WGA) based on mass balance principle for building construction in China. WGAs for major types of material are estimated using purchased amount of major materials and their material waste rate (MWR). The WGA for minor quantities of materials is estimated together as a percentage of total construction waste. The model is applied to a newly constructed residential building in Shenzhen city of South China. The WGA of this project is 40.7 kg/m², and concrete waste is the largest contributor to the index. Comparisons with transportation records in site, empirical index in China and data in other economies reveal that the proposed model is valid and practical. The proposed model can be used to setup a benchmark WGA for Chinese construction industry by carrying out large-scale investigations in the future.     

A comparison of disposal methods for on-site sewage facilities within the state of Texas,USA

Currently, 1.5 million homes in Texas, USA utilize an on-site sewage facility to manage their household waste. This study compares the conventional septic dispersal technology of perforated pipe drain field with two of the new technologies recently implemented in Texas, multi-pipe and chamber systems, determining if soil classification and climate are influencing factors in functional ability for each of the technologies. There is no statistical significance for failure of a system with respect to system type or climate zone. The textural classification of soil is a statistically significant variable in septic system failures. Soil type III, which includes the clay groups except pure clays and silty clay, appears to significantly influence system failures. Additionally, occupant misuse and lack of maintenance are contributing factors to system failure.     

Design of unsurfaced roads constructed with large-size shredded rubber tires: a case study

Stockpiles of scrap tires are serious fire hazard, public health hazard, and an environmental burden. The construction of road embankments, using tire shreds as a lightweight fill, can consume large quantities of scrap tires and has certain engineering benefits. All the previous research focused on small size tire shreds (3–6 in. size) in terms of its use in civil engineering applications and determination of the engineering/environmental properties. This research specifically focuses on large size tire shreds (12 in. size) and its direct comparison with the other sizes of the tire shreds to develop mechanistic-empirical practical design model and so that the use of tire shreds in road bases could be used on regular basis with enhanced reliability instead of on an empirical basis. The research also examines the potential environmental implications of the use of shredded rubber tires and the comparison of the short-term results with other long-term monitoring studies.     

Applying a mathematical approach to improve the tire retreading process

Problem of waste treatment is very important for environment and the share of tires in this scope is high. The aim of this paper is to analyse retreading as one very interesting way of tires’ treatment. In practice, firms involved with commercial vehicles exploitation have to decide whether to retread used tires or not, depending on the number of retreadings of used tires and travelled distances after each retreading. An approach based on Bayesian networks is proposed as a tool for decision making support in tire retreading process. Analysis is performed on database of tires’ exploitation from a company of public passenger transportation and the statistical results are used as inputs to the proposed model. The results obtained according to the proposed model provide a good basis when it comes to making a decision whether to retread or not a used tire.     

黄土湿陷地区长输管线施工弃渣对河道行洪的影响研究

在西气东输管道工程(靖边—临汾段)建设过程中,在河道及河岸荒地弃渣的情况时有发生,这些弃渣将对河道的防洪产生不良影响,极易造成地质灾害。不仅对上、下游居民、厂矿、企业及生态环境造成影响,而且对管线本身的安全也构成威胁。为此提出在施工设计时有必要在附近河岸荒地集中设立弃渣处理场。这种方法可以有效地缩短运渣距离,方便施工,利于管理,可以实现施工、水保、管道安全、经济等因素的良好组合。     

最佳钻井防污土建结构的设计及应用

设计了一种高效实用的钻井防污土建结构，该结构与原结构相比能杜绝处理渣泥流入废水沉砂池参与废水循环，也可防止废弃钻井液和掏罐泥浆水直接进入沉砂池，因此能更好地控制钻井废水浓度，一定程度上提高钻井废水处理达标率，同时该结构具有对处理水进一步隔油、净化等优点，现场推广应用后得到证实。     

Transport of fecal bacteria by boots and vehicle tires in a rural Alaskan community

People living without piped water and sewer can be at increased risk for diseases transmitted via the fecal-oral route. One rural Alaskan community that relies on hauling water into homes and sewage from homes was studied to determine the pathways of fecal contamination of drinking water and the human environment so that barriers can be established to protect health. Samples were tested for the fecal indicator, Escherichia coli, and the less specific indicator group, total coliforms. Shoes transported fecal contamination from outside to floor material inside buildings. Contamination in puddles on the road, in conjunction with contamination found on all-terrain vehicle (ATV) tires, supports vehicle traffic as a mechanism for transporting contamination from the dumpsite or other source areas to the rest of the community. The abundance of fecal bacteria transported around the community on shoes and ATV tires suggests that centralized measures for waste disposal as well as shoe removal in buildings could improve sanitation and health in the community.