加大绿色投入 促进和谐发展——嘉兴市港口开发建设有限责任公司生态文明纪实

正嘉兴港地处长江三角洲南翼,位于东海之滨杭州湾北岸,是浙北地区的唯一出海口和国家一类开放口岸。浙江省重要港口,长三角港口群的重要一员。自东向西依次规划为独山、乍浦、海盐三大港区。嘉兴市港口开发建设有限责任公司成立于2005年12月,于2006年1月正式开港运营,该公司位于乍浦港区三期围区内。公司拥有两个15万吨级通用泊位(兼靠3万吨级)及3000吨级滚装泊位一个。码头岸线总长度34058米(不包含滚装泊位),码头前沿水深-15m。后方陆域有20     

基于综合指数法的新疆典型内陆流域陆域生态健康评估研究

参考流域生态健康评估综合指数法,通过构建陆域生态健康评估指标体系,综合利用生态格局指标、生态功能指标和生态压力指标对某河流域陆域生态健康进行评估。结果表明:该河流域陆域生态健康总体呈良好状态,流域内评估单元4得分最低,评价等级为一般;评估单元3得分最高,评价等级为优秀;其他评估单元陆域生态健康状态均为良好。生态健康状态总体表现为支流优于干流,干流上下游优于中游。景观破碎度、水源涵养功能指数、受保护地区面积占国土面积比例和面源污染负荷排放指数等是影响该河流域陆域生态健康状态的主要指标。通过对该河流域陆域生态健康进行评估,全面识别人类活动对流域陆域生态系统的影响范围和程度,为流域生态环境保护和可持续发展提供技术支撑。     

基于低碳经济的海港区景观重建研究——以威海新港景观建设为例

低碳经济背景下的海港区景观重建是实现滨海城市可持续发展的重要途径之一。以威海新港景观环境建设为例,尝试提出低碳经济背景下现代海港区低碳景观规划的新模式,改观过去港区建设中仅注重服务功能和环境功用的传统理念,将港区低碳景观建设与港区生态性、文化性、艺术性有机结合起来,真正实现港区景观的可持续发展。     

基于数值模拟的水面溢油回收装置优化

为减小海面溢油,自主设计吸油单元组装结构,利用数值模拟的方法,研究吸油单元形状对吸油性能的影响,通过对吸油阵列单元速度场、油组分浓度场分析发现:圆形结构吸油单元表面平滑,运动阻力小,与流体接触面积大,有利于增加吸油效率。采用上下间隔三角阵列方式对吸油单元进行排布,研究不同流速下阵列单元横向间距、纵向间距、分布排数以及入口含油浓度对吸油效率的影响,发现吸油单元的横向间距对吸油效率作用显著,而纵向间距和入口含油浓度对吸油效率影响不大,随吸油单元分布排数的增加,吸油效率趋于稳定。在工程应用范围内,保持阵列单元横向间距为1.5 D,运动速度低于1m/s,阵列单元的吸油效率能达到90%以上。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂入炉垃圾比重动态测量探讨

旨在研究垃圾焚烧发电厂入炉垃圾比重动态测量方法。根据在珠海、宁波、花溪等地区进行垃圾焚烧发电厂调试自动燃烧控制系统(ACC)时遇到的问题,分析了入炉垃圾比重在ACC系统中的重要性,结合3D物位扫描仪在垃圾焚烧炉进料斗内的运用,建立立方体、三菱柱数学模型,提出了垃圾焚烧炉在实际运行过程中动态测量垃圾比重的方法。研究有助于提高焚烧炉设备运行速度计算的精确度和对垃圾料层的有效控制,保证焚烧炉的长期稳定运行。     

一种新型蚯蚓急性毒性测试方法的探索

以高效氯氟氰菊酯为实验试剂,大平二号蚯蚓为供试对象,采用向蚓粪中施用不同浓度药剂的方法使蚯蚓染毒,利用SPSS19.0统计软件对蚯蚓的中毒条数进行概率回归分析,继而计算出高效氯氟氰菊酯对蚯蚓的半数致死浓度LC_(50)。结果表明:高效氯氟氰菊酯对蚯蚓的半数致死浓度LC_(50)约为481mg/kg,属于低毒农药,与传统实验方法得出的实验结果一致。     

大连港和营口港空间效应变化预测分析——基于太平湾港口建设

太平湾作为大连港距离东北腹地最近的港区,其建设将对营口港和大连港的腹地空间效应产生重要影响。从港城可达性、港城引力、港腹潜力三大空间指数,探讨太平湾港区建设对营口港和大连港的空间效应变化。研究结果发现:1太平湾港区的建设将进一步提升东北腹地城市与大连和营口各港区的空间联系,各空间指数提升幅度均呈现由南向北依次递减的趋势。2太平湾港区建设将进一步巩固大连港在东北腹地优势区的竞争优势,同时降低营口港在东北腹地优势区的绝对优势,在加剧大连港和营口港腹地竞争的同时,使营口港和大连港在东北腹地市场划分中呈现新的局面。随着大连发展重心向太平湾港区的转移,这种空间效应变化将更加明显。3太平湾港区建设加剧了大连各港区之间的内部竞争,容易造成港口资源浪费,因此大连在合理开发太平湾港区的同时,要注意内部港口之间的协同合作。     

油气田建设水土保持措施体系研究

文章对西南地区典型油气田建设工程水土保持措施的类型、工程量进行数理统计,监测评估水土保持措施体系的实施效果,对不同的工程单元分区利用多元相关分析方法,研究水土保持措施与实施效果之间的线性关系,进一步提出不同类型水土保持措施的优先等级。结果表明：当前油气田建设过程中,工程措施使用频率最高,植物措施与临时措施对水土保持效果最为显著。为西南油气田建设工程水土保持措施制定和实施提出指导性建议。     

基于绿色基础设施评价方法的生态网络识别与构建——以大连市旅顺口区为例

以大连市旅顺口区为研究对象,基于绿色基础设施评价(GIA)方法,通过构建生态建设空间必要性模型识别生态源地。运用最小累积阻力模型和水文分析构建潜在陆域和水域生态廊道,基于重力模型分析生境斑块间的作用强度,利用连通评价指数提出生态网络构建方案。结果表明:(1)共构建219个生态建设空间斑块,其中面积大于1km²的有13个,多为极重要和较重要生态源地分布区,主要分布于研究区的南部和西北部山地。(2)初步生成的86条潜在陆域生态廊道中,重复廊道较多且交叉严重,而通过MCR模型构建的生态廊道缺少了水域生态廊道。(3)选取相互作用强度> 0.7的陆域生态廊道为重要陆域生态廊道,共17条;当汇水面积为2.25km²时,水域生态廊道为9条,能较好地连通各生态建设空间。(4)将生态建设空间和生态廊道的重要性评价分为三级,I级生态源地和生态廊道为生态网络的核心区,位于旅顺口区西南部,以林地、耕地和水域为主,有利于物种迁移,应优先考虑对其进行保护和建设。     

垃圾焚烧系统烟风计算方法的探讨

在充分考虑垃圾焚烧炉工艺特殊性的前提下,文章提出了一种垃圾焚烧系统专用的烟风计算方法。与其他计算方法相比,本计算方法的参数选择更全面,公式形式更贴近原理,计算过程更便捷,对工程实践有一定的借鉴意义。     

黑龙江垦区土地资源可持续利用研究

以黑龙江垦区土地资源利用为例,运用统计分析方法,结合土地利用变化幅度和土地利用动态度等分析指标,对黑龙江垦区土地利用现状与动态变化进行分析。在此基础上,提出了黑龙江垦区土地利用中存在的主要问题：耕地面积总量增加,但人均耕地面积下降;土地资源利用效益有待提高;土地质量逐年下降,生态环境趋于恶化;部分农场场址道路建设用地过大,土地浪费现象严重;土地后备资源日益匮乏,开发整理复垦难度大等5个方面,并提出了相关的对策建议。     

Spatial and Temporal Effects of Port Facilities Expansion on the Surface Area of Shallow Coral Reefs

There is a close relationship between ports and reef areas, mainly because reefs provide protection to vessels against extreme weather events like storms and hurricanes. This historical relationship has generated severe impacts on reef ecosystems. In order to identify the main impacts from the construction of port facilities in shallow coral reef areas, we analyzed and described the effects of land reclamation and coastal structure construction associated to port growth throughout a century in the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Park, Mexico. We used aerial photographs and maps of the nineteenth and early twentieth century to assess the impacts caused by port expansion activities on shallow coral reefs. Three types of impacts were identified: (a) direct reef area loss caused by landfills and perpendicular coastal structures construction leading to the loss of nearly 50 % of the fringing reef near to the port; (b) fragmentation in short- and medium-term scale, which affects two fringing reefs, and (c) long-term modification of coastal dynamics leading to sedimentation and loss of a complete reef area. On the eve of a new expansion of Veracruz Port, we used the New Port Project Plan, long-shore net drift geomorphic indicators and the port impact typology from the 100-year period assessment to evaluate a possible future scenario. The scenario describes how the new expansion project will repeat the three types of impacts affecting a whole reef area, which is currently part of the National Park.     

THE SOUTHEAST FLORIDA EXPERIENCE IN RESOLVING DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT CONFLICTS1

ABSTRACT: Land development projects that are presumed to have regional impact according to the Florida Land and Water Management Act of 1972 are forced to minimize adverse environmental impact through a detailed procedure called Application for Development Approval (ADA). In Southeast Florida, as part of this review process, the water-supply and flooding conflicts must be resolved with the regional water management agency, Central and South Florida Flood Control District (FCD). This paper discusses the efforts to resolve these two conflicts for a large proposed residential development in Broward County, Florida. The project, as envisioned by Leadership Housing, Inc., places 25,000 dwelling units on the 3,960-acre site. The project is located in a flood prone area of the Hillsboro Canal Basin and is at the northwest edge of the Biscayne Aquifer. Significant land modification is required to flood-proof the project. The water-supply conflict was resolved only when the FCD was assured that the ultimate water demand for the project was balanced by the natural recharge to the site. Significant water-resources studies were required to produce these conflict resolutions.     

Characteristics of major secondary ions in typical polluted atmospheric aerosols during autumn in central Taiwan

In autumn of 2008, the chemical characteristics of major secondary ionic aerosols at a suburban site in central Taiwan were measured during an annually occurring season of high pollution. The semicontinuous measurement system measured major soluble inorganic species, including NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), and SO(4)(2-), in PM(10) with a 15 min resolution time. The atmospheric conditions, except for the influences of typhoons, were dominated by the local sea-land breeze with clear diurnal variations of meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations. To evaluate secondary aerosol formation at different ozone levels, daily ozone maximum concentration (O(3,daily max)) was used as an index of photochemical activity for dividing between the heavily polluted period (O(3,daily max) ≧80 ppb) and the lightly polluted period (O(3,daily max)<80 ppb). The concentrations of PM(10), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), NH(4)(+) and total major ions during the heavily polluted period were 1.6, 1.9, 2.4, 2.7 and 2.3 times the concentrations during the lightly polluted period, respectively. Results showed that the daily maximum concentrations of PM(10) occurred around midnight and the daily maximum ozone concentration occurred during daytime. The average concentration of SO(2) was higher during daytime, which could be explained by the transportation of coastal industry emissions to the sampling site. In contrast, the high concentration of NO(2) at night was due to the land breeze flow that transport inland urban air masses toward this site. The simulations of breeze circulations and transitions were reflected in transports and distributions of these pollutants. During heavily polluted periods, NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+) showed a clear diurnal variations with lower concentrations after midday, possibly due to the thermal volatilization of NH(4)NO(3) during daytime and transport of inland urban plume at night. The diurnal variation of PM(10) showed the similar pattern to that of NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+) aerosols. This indicated that the formatted secondary aerosols in the inland urban area could be transported to the coastal area by the weak land breeze and deteriorated the air quality in the coastal area at night.     

Nonpoint Source Loading Rates From Selected Land Uses1

ABSTRACT: Loading rates derived from monitoring natural runoff from selected land uses are compared. Land uses selected for evaluation are construction sites, barnyards, and agriculture (dairying). Runoff volumes, sediment, and nutrient fractions were monitored and expressed as areal loadings for comparison purposes. Sediment yield and total phosphorus (total P) loss was directly proportional to runoff (m³/ha). In decreasing order, the loadings for sediment and total P were as follows: construction site > barnyard > general dairying. Runoff from the barnyard area was approximately 10 times higher in soluble phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen than the other land uses under investigation. Areal loss for nitrate nitrogen was highest from the construction site and was attributed to the higher volume of runoff per unit area. Results show that barnyards in a dairying watershed are potentially a major source of sediment and nutrients, especially those dissolved fractions which have the potential for immediate water quality impacts. Relative to general agricultural land, urban construction sites also appear to be a major source of sediment and nutrients. As with barnyard sites, however, the effect of such sites on water quality likely depends on proximity to surface water bodies and other watershed characteristics affecting delivery ratios of contaminants.     

我国农村居民点整理潜力测算方法研究进展

农村居民点整理是我国农村土地整理的重要内容之一，已成为当前土地整理工作的重要组成部分，引起众多学者的关注。在阅读大量相关文献资料的基础上，结合近年来我国农村居民点整理研究现状，针对其中的农村居民点整理潜力及其测算方法这一技术问题进行了简要综述，并就存在的问题及未来的发展趋势进行了探讨。该研究不但有助于农村居民点整理工作的开展，而且可完善其理论研究。     

农村居民点用地问题研究--以安徽宣城市为例

引入距离指数、分散度等定量指标,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,从用地数量、布局等方面对宣城市农村居民点用地现状进行了阐述,在此基础上对农村居民点用地存在的主要问题进行了深入分析与探讨,并针对存在的问题提出相应的对策及建议.其研究结果不但为农村居民点用地整理的开展、农村社区生态环境的改善等提供了理论参考,而且对土地利用总体规划的修编提供了重要参考价值.     

Environmental impact assessment of a proposed info-tech complex in East Calcutta wetlands

An info-tech complex is proposed for 286 acres (116 ha) of land within the East Calcutta wetlands. The proposed site is 15 km east of Kolkata city and only 8 km south of Dum Dum airport. The site is vacant, with pockets of agricultural land and a few degrading water-logged areas. In order to assess the likely impact of the proposed development on the environment, a rapid environmental impact assessment of an area of 10 km radius from the centre of the project site was carried out. The present status of the environment with respect to ambient air, surface water, groundwater, soil, landuse, noise, and socio-economics of the core and buffer zone has been documented and correlated with 24 project activities during construction, development and operational phases. The frequency of adverse impacts is greater than that of beneficial impacts. Out of the total adverse impacts 20 are short term, reversible and have a low magnitude. The total impact score for the proposed project is (–)468.75 and as per the Assessment Value Index Scale the environmental impact of the proposed project activities is no appreciable impact. But there are certain sectors where the environment will be adversely impacted. Therefore, appropriate measures have been suggested to ameliorate the adverse impacts. It is envisaged that if these measures are implemented then there will be an improvement in the quality of the environment, as well as life, by 687.5 units.     

ESTIMATING TMDL BACKGROUND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOADING TO GREAT LAKES TRIBUTARIES FROM EXISTING DATA1

ABSTRACT: The total maximum daily load (TMDL) for suspended sediment is the maximum quantity of suspended sediment that can enter a waterway without affecting the beneficial uses of the waterway. It is calculated as the sum of permissible allotments of point sources of suspended sediment, permissible allotments of nonpoint sources of suspended sediment, background (natural) loading of suspended sediment, and a margin of safety. The goal of this project was to develop methods for estimating background levels of sediment loads in tributaries of the Great Lakes. Such quantification is key to determining permissible TMDL in waters that do not meet water quality standards under the Clean Water Act of 1972. Suspended sediment loading for 46 rivers was estimated from data collected at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages. Land use and physiographic attributes were estimated for these gaged basins with a geographic information system (GIS). Basin attributes and sediment yield data are the basis for examining two approaches to estimating background suspended sediment loads. One method, based upon envelope curves of sediment yield and drainage area, will be shown to have considerable merit. A second method, based upon correlation of sediment yield to various basin attributes such as drainage area and land use, will be shown to be fraught with difficulties.     

国内外生态足迹研究进展

在可持续发展的定量研究中,生态足迹形象地反映了人类经济活动对环境影响的程度,对地区可持续发展的决策具有一定的指导意义。本文阐述了：（1）生态足迹的理论背景、相关概念、计算方法以及与能值分析法、产品生命周期法和投入产出法等综合应用的趋势;（2）生态足迹在全球、国家、地区尺度上的研究成果,以及在国际贸易、能源、旅游、交通、饮食等领域的应用进展;（3）土地互斥假设、全球面积单位、等效因子取值以及研究尺度方面的局限性。最后,本文指出了在多指标整合、污染影响分析和家庭消费尺度研究等方面的研究趋势。