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1.
灰关联熵分析方法在城市交通环境噪声研究中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
灰关联分析在城市环境噪声研究中是一种非常有效的手段。作者采用基于信息熵理论的灰关联熵分析方法对广州市交通噪声进行分析,指出了影响其变化的优势因素,为噪声污染防治提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
    

Health is a basic human right. Improving health requires social and environmental justice and sustainable development. The 'health for all' movement embraces principles shared by other social movements—in sustainable development, community safety and new economics. These principles include equity, democracy, empowerment of individuals and communities, underpinned by supportive environmental, economic and educational measures and multi-agency partnerships. Health promotion is green promotion and inequality in health is due to social and economic inequality. This paper shows how health, environmental and economic sustainability are inextricably linked and how professionals of different disciplines can work together with the communities they serve to improve local health and quality of life. It gives examples of how local policy and programme development for public health improvement can fit in with global and national policy-making to promote health, environmental and social justice.  相似文献   

3.
城区天然气配气站噪声超标已成为供气部门亟待解决的难题,文章分析了配气站噪声污染现状,指出噪声产生原因主要为天然气流动,供气量增长使设备超负荷运行等7个方面。分别针对现有配气站和新建、改扩建站场提出降噪措施,指出设备在额定范围内运行、气体流速控制、工艺改造等是噪声控制的重要手段。并对城区天然气配气站噪声治理的进一步研究提出了建议。  相似文献   

4.
对不同城市景观格局下的声环境进行测量、分析,了解不同景观格局对声环境的影响,为城市格局的规划、建设提供一定的依据,建立和谐的生态文明。本次调研,除考虑景观布局因素之外,时间段、车流量、天气、其它声源等因素也考虑在内,分析比较各影响因子对声值的影响力大小,使数据更具代表性。  相似文献   

5.
    
ABSTRACT: Hydraulic geometry relationships, or regional curves, relate bankfull stream channel dimensions to watershed drainage area. Hydraulic geometry relationships for streams throughout North Carolina vary with hydrology, soils, and extent of development within a watershed. An urban curve that is the focus of this study shows the bankfull features of streams in urban and suburban watersheds throughout the North Carolina Piedmont. Seventeen streams were surveyed in watersheds that had greater than 10 percent impervious cover. The watersheds had been developed long enough for the streams to redevelop bankfull features, and they had no major impoundments. The drainage areas for the streams ranged from 0.4 to 110.3 square kilometers. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal surveys were conducted to determine the channel dimension, pattern, and profile of each stream and power functions were fitted to the data. Comparisons were made with regional curves developed previously for the rural Piedmont, and enlargement ratios were produced. These enlargement ratios indicated a substantial increase in the hydraulic geometry for the urban streams in comparison to the rural streams. A comparison of flood frequency indicates a slight decrease in the bankfull discharge return interval for the gaged urban streams as compared to the gaged rural streams. The study data were collected by North Carolina State University (NCSU), the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC), and Charlotte Storm Water Services. Urban regional curves are useful tools for applying natural channel design in developed watersheds. They do not, however, replace the need for field calibration and verification of bankfull stream channel dimensions.  相似文献   

6.
本文对京津冀城市群土地利用效率展开测度并分析其时空格局演变特征,探析土地利用效率的影响因素,通过提高城市土地利用效率助力京津冀协同发展。以京津冀城市群13个城市的市辖区为单元,建立土地利用效率以及影响因素评价指标体系,分别使用超效率SBM-Undesirable模型、Tobit模型展开测算和分析,使用Malmquist指数研究土地利用效率时空格局演变特征。结果表明:①2002-2020年京津冀城市群土地利用效率整体处于高水平利用,但是土地利用效率呈下降趋势。北京市土地利用效率增长明显,但受到“虹吸效应”影响,周边城市呈现不同程度的土地利用效率下降,冀中南地区大部分城市土地利用效率保持增长。②研究区内,低效率城市在投入方面存在较大冗余问题,其中固定资本存量和能源消费总量的冗余问题最为突出,造成资源浪费。③城市经济增长、城市医疗水平、城市教育水平、城市经济地位对土地利用效率具有正向作用;城市交通道路、人口密度则具有负向作用。在京津冀协同发展背景下,应着眼高新技术产业布局,优化城市国土空间结构,提高资源配置效率,严格保护生态环境,坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路,贯彻落实可持续发展战略。  相似文献   

7.
    
ABSTRACT: Major erosion of urban stream channels is found in smaller basins in the North Texas study area with contributing drainage areas of less than ten square miles. Within these basins, four basic channel types are identified based on bed and bank lithologies: alluvial banks and bottoms, alluvial banks and gravel bottoms, alluvial banks with rock bottoms, and rock banks with rock bottoms. Most channels (75 percent) have alluvial banks with gravel or rock bottoms. Channel slopes are steep (.38 to.76 percent). Rock consists predominantly of shale and limestone. Channel cross sections are divided into the following four zones based on weathering, scour and entrainment mechanisms: soil zone, slake zone, rock zone and bed material zone. Erodibility of the channels is determined using multiple techniques including reach hydraulics and stream power computations, submerged jet testing, slab entrainment thresholds, and slake durability rates. Procedures are based on both empirical and modeled time series estimates of channel erosion. Field and modeled results support rates of erosion of up to four inches per year. Rates are tied to flow regime, climate, and type of channel bed and banks.  相似文献   

8.
城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,在改善城市生态系统方面有重要作用。现今交通是城市环境中的主要噪声来源,城市道路绿地是交通噪声治理的有效方式之一。本文选取杭州市西湖区不同等级的三条道路(紫金港路、天目山路和丰潭路)作为研究对象,利用手持噪声测量仪测量实时噪声对不同道路等级和距离的绿地降噪效果进行分析。研究发现,杭州市三条道路存在以下问题:(1)噪声距离道路越远越低,且噪声平均衰减率表明绿地降噪效果为主干道次干道快速路;(2)配置模式为乔木+灌木+地被的绿地植物群落的降噪效果最佳,且乔木和灌木交错的种植形式在降噪效果上优于灌木在前、乔木在后的排列式种植;(3)当道路绿地宽达到15m时,植物群落降噪效果会有大幅度提升,且快速路与次干道在距离为15m处,植物群落降噪能力最佳。  相似文献   

9.
以中原城市群强市-新乡市为例,介绍城市环境噪声的声源构成主要以工业噪声和社会生活噪声为主。随着城镇化规模的扩大,近年来的噪声监测值总体呈下降趋势,但道路交通噪声和社会生活噪声有增高趋势。结合声环境质量现状,提出了合理规划功能区布局、加强声环境管理、利用城市绿地降低噪声、提高单体建筑规划设计水平等改善对策措施。  相似文献   

10.
目前,我国加快绿色、低碳化高质量发展的窗口期已然到来,以绿色发展理念引领高质量发展是美丽中国建设的必由之路。绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)作为我国高质量发展阶段体现经济发展与环境保护协调关系的核心指标,科学测算城市GTFP并分析其时序、空间分布特征与驱动要素对于推动经济社会绿色转型和美丽中国建设具有重要意义。本文通过构建包含非期望产出的Super-SBM(Slacks-Based Measure)模型与Malmquist-Luenberger(ML)指数测算我国2013—2022年283个地级市的GTFP,结合核密度估计和莫兰指数探讨其时空分布特征。最后,对城市GTFP进行分解以识别驱动要素。研究发现:①2013—2022年全国城市GTFP呈现总体水平不断上升与局部差异增大并存的时序分布趋势,且不同区域、流域城市GTFP发展水平具有不同特点;②城市GTFP具有显著的“高—高聚集、低—低聚集”的空间分布特征;③我国城市GTFP呈现以技术进步为主导、技术效率为辅助的驱动增长特征。最后基于研究结论提出政策建议,为提高城市GTFP、推动经济社会高质量发展提供有益参考。  相似文献   

11.
以大型复杂环境模拟试验系统为例,通过对系统各设备及控制间噪声数据的测量,详细分析了噪声的来源和特性,并从消声、吸声、隔声等方面采取了一些有效的措施。结果表明,取得了较好的效果,且对试验设备不造成任何负面影响,同时也为工程实际中的噪声治理提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

12.
石化炼制企业噪声治理探讨   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
文章通过对石油化工炼制企业噪声的分析,相对不同场所噪声源进行不同治理方案的探讨,就某石化公司典型装置蒸馏装置为例进行噪声源及相应的治理方案分析,选择在临厂界处建设隔声屏障,对声源进行有效的阻隔,监测结果表明:隔声屏障起到了有效的隔声降噪作用,厂界噪声达GB 12348-2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》。  相似文献   

13.
基于经济效益的成都市土地集约利用评价研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在立足供需角度分析影响城市土地集约利用因素的基础上,使用因子分析和聚类分析法对成都近年分区县城市土地集约利用的经济效益进行评价.结果表明,人口规模、经济水平和产业结构成为影响到成都城市土地集约利用的关键因素;成都市区县土地利用集约化程度逐年改善,距离中心城区的空间距离大小直接影响到成都市土地集约利用程度,人口密度是促使土地集约利用的最重要驱力.  相似文献   

14.
变压器噪声控制技术及装备   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍并分析了某城市110kV变电站的变压器噪声源特点,在满足其运行工艺、设备性能、声学效果、经济、安全的条件下,设计开发了特殊的隔吸声结构、消声结构等变压器降噪装置,并成功应用于工程实践中,取得了理想效果。  相似文献   

15.
余洋 《环境技术》2011,(6):31-33
总结了环境噪声人工监测方法的缺陷,然后从城市环境噪声数据的性质、噪声自动监测系统的物理构成、噪声监测子站的布设、噪声自动监测有效时间的确定这几个方面对噪声自动监测系统进行了相关问题的论述.  相似文献   

16.
    
A growing empirical evidence base identifies environmental noise exposure as an important health problem. While the health effects depend for a great part on personal noise sensitivity and contextual factors, in environmental policy, generic noise standards and procedures based on objective sound levels are used. In this article, the relation between objective and subjective noise exposure variables is further explored by carrying out a residents’ survey in a highly noise polluted area along two highways south of the city centre of Ghent, Belgium. The survey results show only a weak correlation between objective and subjective exposure variables, with both variables demonstrating different associations with the respondents’ background characteristics. While lower-educated and lower-income people are generally higher exposed according to the models, they do not report a higher subjective exposure. People who have been living longer in the area are not necessarily higher exposed according to the models but do report a higher subjective exposure. Most strikingly, owners of a comfortable detached house report a higher subjective exposure than renters of an apartment or small house, while the latter group is significantly higher exposed according to the models. The results support a plea for the joint evaluation of both objective and subjective noise exposure variables in environmental policy and environmental assessments. In addition, the results argue for specific attention for noise exposure of socio-economically vulnerable people and the establishment of a shared knowledge base on noise exposure with both objective and subjective information.  相似文献   

17.
为使增压站噪声降到国家允许标准,对其噪声进行了综合治理,设计了动力缸排气消声器和百叶窗式进风消声器等,经测试增压站内噪声由93dB(A)~101dB(A)降为81dB(A)~88dB(A)。单台增压机运行时冷却风机噪声由96dB(A)降为82.5dB(A)。排气消声器噪声由92dB(A)降为81dB(A)。值班室噪声由55dB(A)降为52.5dB(A),治理后达到了预期的效果。  相似文献   

18.
谭孔庚  梁荫 《四川环境》2000,19(1):37-43
本文根据气流噪声的频率特性和发声部位,提出重点降噪与综合整治的方法,对城市气流噪声污染进行控制。  相似文献   

19.
济钢球团竖炉工艺除尘风机因场地受限建设在办公区域内,致使办公室的室内外噪音检测超标,为了保证正常生产办公秩序,采用隔声罩原理对除尘风机及风机出口噪声进行降噪处理,在解决风机出口噪声问题的同时,较好地解决了烟囱传播噪声的达标问题。  相似文献   

20.
This article delineates concepts of eco-modernisation and urban sustainability (including its associated discourses), elucidating Foucault's notion of governmentality and examining select moments of contested urban governance in the neighbourhood of Old Ottawa South, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It shows how intensification – a “compact city approach” to urban sustainability – as both policy and practice, serves to both discipline and regulate by “conducting the conduct” of environmental and entrepreneurial subjects. It reveals that zoning has more explicitly become a political technology (albeit a flexible one) for achieving “highest and best use” of private property, privileging intensification projects proposed by developers, through a hierarchical exercise of state power that privileges market processes, while undermining community values and priorities.  相似文献   

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