共查询到3条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Foran J. Brosnan T. Connor M. Delfino J. DePinto J. Dickson K. Humphrey H. Novotny V. Smith R. Sobsey M. Stehman S. 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,62(2):147-167
The International Life SciencesInstitute (ILSI) Risk Science Institute (RSI) convenedan expert panel of scientists to developrecommendations for a comprehensive monitoring programfor the Croton and Catskill/Delaware watersheds, whichprovide drinking water to New York City's residents. This effort was conducted as part of efforts topreserve and enhance the quality of New York City'sreservoir system through a watershed protectionprogram. The panel developed recommendations for astrategic framework on which to construct a monitoringprogram. As part of this activity, the paneldetermined whether existing monitoring activities weredeficient and, where activities were deficient, thepanel developed recommendations for additionalinformation that should be collected.The panel recommended the development and use of anintegrated approach to watershed monitoring, whichdraws on modeling, risk-based planning and analysis,statistical sampling and design, and basic compliancemonitoring. The approach should be designed toprovide an assessment of natural and anthropogenicsources of stress to the system as well as anassessment of water quality trends in response tostresses acting in concert, both over the long termand over the five-year New York City Memorandum ofAgreement (MOA) assessment time frame. It should alsoprovide an assessment of the human health andenvironmental risks posed by a variety of stressors,and the impact of management actions implemented toameliorate stressors. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents an air-quality surveillance system designed to detect the occurrence of air pollutant concentrations greater
than a reference level in an urban area. The system is integrated by an air-quality monitoring network and atmospheric dispersion
models simulations. An objective methodology to design an urban air-quality monitoring network is proposed. This methodology
is based on the analysis of air-quality modelling results. The procedure is applied to design an air-quality monitoring network
to control NO
x
concentration levels in Buenos Aires City. Results indicate that six monitors will detect the occurrence of concentration
greater than the air-quality guidelines with an efficiency of about 67%. Once a violation is detected, results of atmospheric
dispersion models will help in the determination of affected areas. Four possible examples are included to illustrate the
assistance that the results of atmospheric dispersion models can bring to a better estimation of possible affected areas in
the city. Combining these results with the last census data, an estimation of the inhabitants possibly exposed is obtained. 相似文献
3.
Strobl RO Robillard PD Shannon RD Day RL McDonnell AJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,112(1-3):137-158
The principal instrument to temporally and spatially manage water resources is a water quality monitoring network. However,
to date in most cases, there is a clear absence of a concise strategy or methodology for designing monitoring networks, especially
when deciding upon the placement of sampling stations. Since water quality monitoring networks can be quite costly, it is
very important to properly design the monitoring network so that maximum information extraction can be accomplished, which
in turn is vital when informing decision-makers. This paper presents the development of a methodology for identifying the
critical sampling locations within a watershed. Hence, it embodies the spatial component in the design of a water quality
monitoring network by designating the critical stream locations that should ideally be sampled. For illustration purposes,
the methodology focuses on a single contaminant, namely total phosphorus, and is applicable to small, upland, predominantly
agricultural-forested watersheds. It takes a number of hydrologic, topographic, soils, vegetative, and land use factors into
account. In addition, it includes an economic as well as logistical component in order to approximate the number of sampling
points required for a given budget and to only consider the logistically accessible stream reaches in the analysis, respectively.
The methodology utilizes a geographic information system (GIS), hydrologic simulation model, and fuzzy logic. 相似文献