重视山桐子的开发利用

山桐子(Idesia polycarpa)是油脂、用材、观赏兼备的树种之一。它具有:①有前途的油料树种。山桐子树结实早、产量高,3～5年开花结果,15年生单株果实为50kg 以上,盛果期可达200～300kg,果实和种子均可榨油,含油率为20.9～32.1%。山桐子油为半干性油,可代替桐油,供制造油漆和肥皂等,并可食用。此外,山桐子油中维生素 E 的含量较高,能中和血液中的胆固醇,调节人体生理机能,对高血压、冠心病等老年性疾病有一定疗效。②速生用材树种。山桐子树宜于做板材、箱柜、家具及工艺品用     

荒漠植物红砂研究进展

主要综述了荒漠植物红砂的分布区及其生境、解剖学特征、种子萌发及幼苗生长影响因素、组织培养、生理生态特征、繁殖及育苗、分子生物学特性等方面的研究。简要阐述了修复和重建红砂植被的必要性,并着重研究了红砂种子萌发的影响因素及育苗技术的发展现状,在此基础上指出红砂研究中的不足之处,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

荒漠植物红砂研究进展

主要综述了荒漠植物红砂的分布区及其生境、解剖学特征、种子萌发及幼苗生长影响因素、组织培养、生理生态特征、繁殖及育苗、分子生物学特性等方面的研究。简要阐述了修复和重建红砂植被的必要性,并着重研究了红砂种子萌发的影响因素及育苗技术的发展现状,在此基础上指出红砂研究中的不足之处,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

木薯茎秆基质育苗效果研究

以草炭、椰糠为对照,研究腐熟木薯茎秆对番茄、黄瓜、丝瓜、茄子、大吊瓜及西瓜的育苗效果,为木薯茎秆作为育苗基质提供依据。育苗结果表明：（1）原木薯茎秆用于番茄育苗时,其发芽率、株高、茎粗及真叶数与草炭育的番茄效果相当;过2mm筛木薯茎秆对番茄育苗效果不如草炭,但优于椰糠;原木薯茎秆用于黄瓜育苗时,其发芽率、株高、茎粗及真叶数与草炭、椰糠育的黄瓜效果相当;原木薯茎秆对番茄、黄瓜的育苗效果优于过2mm筛木薯茎秆。（2）原木薯茎秆、过2mm筛木薯茎秆对丝瓜、大吊瓜和西瓜的育苗效果不如草炭、椰糠,但对茄子的育苗效果优于椰糠。总的看来,腐熟木薯茎秆可用于番茄、黄瓜、茄子育苗,而不宜单独用于丝瓜、大吊瓜和西瓜育苗。     

攀西地区干香柏容器育苗技术研究

研究了攀西地区(攀枝花市和西昌地区)采用无底营养袋与多穴容器盘培育干香柏苗木的根系状况和苗木生长状况。研究结果表明,多穴容器盘育苗能从根本上解决无导根或边缝切根的容器育苗产生的根系盘绕现象,本地区适合采用的多穴容器盘规格为导根线类多穴容器盘,容积为90—150ml以上;本地区适合采用的育苗基质配方由燥红土泥碳土和牛粪组成,体积比为5%红土、35%泥碳土和60%牛粪组成。     

双台振动技术在运输试验中的应用

为考核航天器在运输环境下的环境适应性，依据双台振动控制原理，设计并搭建了双台振动试验系统。以大尺寸、大质量产品为试验对象，开展了双台运输振动试验技术研究。研究了不同相干系数、相位参数设置对试验结果的影响，并对比分析了各工况下的加速度时间历程曲线。研究结果对大型航天器运输振动试验的实施具有参考意义。     

鲍鱼人工育苗新工艺

本工艺过程是：种鲍促熟→诱导产卵→卵化→采集→硅藻饲育→剥离→平流饲育→饵料技术→商品苗。其特征在于：在种鲍促熟阶段，以日本黑鲍为母本，中国波纹盘鲍为父本进行杂交；采苗时间提前，降低采苗温度，采苗面积减半，延长硅藻饲育的时间，增大剥离规格。本方法大大地提高了鲍鱼人工育苗的成活率和规格，经济效益较显著鲍鱼人工育苗新工艺     

在干旱荒漠无洪灌区营造柽柳林的研究

柽柳属(tamarix 1.)植物是优良的固沙树种,洪灌营林已取得成效,而荒漠区大多不具备洪灌条件,限制了柽柳林的扩展。经多年考察,作者已在天山南北无洪灌区发现了一系列自然侵移的柽柳实生苗地。研究表明:生长季偶发性大雨引起短期积水,表土的一定组合和有生命力的种子的配合是干旱区大漠环境幼苗自然发生的必要条件,尤其以底为粘土,上覆15-30cm沙层的土壤剖面结构最适宜幼苗存活。模拟育苗试验证实了上述结论。本研究为荒漠无洪灌区营造柽柳林提供了理论依据。     

电工产品可靠性试验研究概述

电工产品可靠性试验研究概述魏铭炎纵观可靠性工程的发展历史，从四十年代电子产品故障试验研究开始，六十年代由于空间科学和宇航技术的发展，使其水平进一步提高，试验研究的范围从电子产品逐渐扩展到机电系统，七十年代初集成电路的迅速发展，又更进一步促进了可靠性的...     

系列压缩泥炭育苗营养钵及其制备方法

压缩泥炭育苗营养钵是采用我国蕴藏丰富的低位草本泥炭为原料 ,配加成型固化剂、高吸水树脂以及作物必须的常量和微量营养元素 ,经高压赋型制成的钵体与基质合一的新型育苗材料 ,可广泛用于蔬菜、花卉、林木、经济作物、药材等育苗生产。同时 ,它还具有使用简便 ,节省空间 ,便于机械化育苗操作管理 ,尤其适用于干旱、盐碱、风沙地区早春育苗生产。 (ＣＮ 1 2 4 91 32Ａ)系列压缩泥炭育苗营养钵及其制备方法     

睫毛萼凤仙花响应土壤水分和竞争的表型可塑性

研究了睫毛萼凤仙花在干、湿两种土壤水分条件下和密、疏两种栽种密度条件下形态和生长的表型可塑性。睫毛萼凤仙花在土壤水分饱和条件下的形态参数和生物量积累都高于干旱条件,在稀疏栽植下的形态参数和生物量积累也高于密集栽种。睫毛萼凤仙花通过调整器官生物量分配和形态参数来适应不利的环境,但付出了减少后代数目的代价。睫毛萼凤仙花适宜在土壤水分充足、植株密度不高的生境中生长。     

落新妇地下部分挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取落新妇地下部分的挥发油,测得含量为0.10%;采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对落新妇的挥发性成分进行了分离鉴定,分离出57种成分,鉴定了其中50种;运用峰面积归一法确定了各成分的相对含量,检出率为87.71%.落新妇地下部分挥发油的主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、十六甲基八环硅氧烷.     

落新妇地下部分挥发油化学成分GC—MS分析

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取落新妇地下部分的挥发油,测得含量为0．10％;采用气相色谱－质谱联用技术（GC—MS）对落新妇的挥发性成分进行了分离鉴定,分离出57种成分,鉴定了其中50种;运用峰面积归一法确定了各成分的相对含量,检出率为87．71％。落新妇地下部分挥发油的主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、十六甲基八环硅氧烷。     

GC-MS分析短梗五加化学成分

为了开发利用短梗五加这一潜在的民间药用植物资源,采用GC-MS方法对短梗五加乙醚部分化学成分进行了分析。结果表明,经毛细管色谱柱分析分离出31个成分,应用色谱峰面积归一法分析各成分的相对含量,含量较高的物质3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯-1-醇为50.21%,化合物类型主要为萜类及其衍生物。本方法简便、可靠、快速、重现性好,为短梗五加的化学成分研究提供了参考依据。     

无刺构骨秋季光合特性的初步研究

采用Li-6400光合测定系统对无刺构骨的秋季光合特性进行了初步研究.结果表明,无剌构骨净光合速率（Pn）日变化规律为双峰曲线形式,有“午睡”现象,最高峰值于11：00左右出现,次高峰出现在14：00,日最大净光合速率为8.33μmol/m2·s,净光合速率（Pn）与气孔导度（Cond）、蒸腾速率（Tr）呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈负相关.无刺枸骨光补偿点为12.146μmol/m2·s,光饱和点为1499μmoL/m2·s.     

Improving Survival and Growth of Planted Austrocedrus chilensis Seedlings in Disturbed Patagonian Forests of Argentina by Managing Understory Vegetation

This study was aimed at determining, under field conditions, early interactions between planted cypress seedlings and their associated shrubs in a mesic area of Andean Patagonia and, in a nursery, the effects of increasing light availability on cypress performance when soil water was not a limiting factor. The field experiment was performed in a former cypress–coihue mixed forest (42°02′S, 71°33′W), which was replaced in the 1970s by a plantation of radiata pine. In 2005, 800 cypress seedlings were planted under maqui shrubs in a clear-cut area of the pine stand. In 2007, two treatments were set: no-competition treatment ([NCT] i.e., the surrounding aboveground biomass was removed) and competition treatment ([CT] i.e., without disturbance). The nursery experiment (42°55′S, 71°21′W) consisted of two groups: “shade” (grown under shade cloth) and “sun” (grown at full sun) cypress seedlings. After one growing season, seedling survival and stem growth (in height and diameter) were determined at both sites. Furthermore, the growth rate of leaves, stems, and roots was determined in the nursery. In the field experiment, height growth and survival in NCT were significantly greater than in CT, and a competition process occurred between cypress and surrounding shrubs. In the nursery, sun plants grew more in diameter and increased root weight more than shade plants. Results also showed that in mesic areas of Patagonia, decreasing competition and increasing light levels produced stouter seedlings better adapted to support harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, the removal of protecting shrubs could be a good management practice to improve seedling establishment.     

White spruce response to co-composted hydrocarbon-contaminated drilling waste: effects of compost age and nitrogen fertilization

There are growing interests to use co-composted drilling wastes contaminated with hydrocarbons as growth media for planting in land reclamation. However, such use of the compost may have potential problems such as inherent toxicity of residual hydrocarbon and microbial N immobilization due to high compost C to N ratios. We investigated the growth, biomass production, N uptake, and foliar delta13C of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) seedlings in a pot experiment using 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-yr-old composts (with different hydrocarbon concentrations and C to N ratios) and a local noncontaminated soil with (200 kg N ha(-1)) or without N fertilization. Growth and N content of seedlings (particularly N content in roots) were lower when grown in the compost media as compared with those grown in the soil. Within the compost treatments seedling growth was affected by compost age, but the magnitude of growth reduction was not linearly proportional to hydrocarbon concentrations. Plant N uptake increased with compost age, which corresponds with an increase in indigenous mineral N concentration. Effects of N fertilization on N uptake were curtailed by the presence of indigenous mineral N (e.g., in the 4-yr-old compost) and by fertilization-induced stimulation of microbial activities (e.g., in the 1-yr-old compost). The differences in foliar delta13C values between seedlings grown in compost and soil (P < 0.05) suggest that limitations on water uptake caused by the residual hydrocarbon might have been the predominant factor limiting seedling growth in the compost media. This study suggests that water stress caused by residual hydrocarbons may be a critical factor for the successful use of co-composted drilling wastes as a growth medium.     

四川重楼属药用植物资源研究

经调查鉴定,四川重楼属药用植物有10种7变种,均在我省民间广泛应用。目前川产商品重楼原植物有3种6变种,除中国药典收载的华重楼和滇重楼外,其分布广、产量大的还有七叶一枝花、狭小重楼和短梗重楼等3种4变种。     

An Assessment of Changes in Kunzea ericoides var. microflora and Other Hydrothermal Vegetation at the Wairakei–Tauhara Geothermal Field, New Zealand

Hydrothermal ecosystems are of high conservation and scientific value, but they are sensitive to external perturbations that result from development. This study examines the composition of vegetation at four plots at the Wairakei-Tauhara geothermal field, New Zealand, using the Scott height-frequency method, ground temperatures at 0.1- and 1-m depth, soil pH, and photographic surveys. It highlights the response of plant communities, in particular that of Kunzea ericoides var. microflora, in terms of composition, structure, and biomass index values, measures changes in ground temperature, as well as provides baseline data against which to compare future changes. It was found that optimal growing conditions for K. ericoides var. microflora are at temperatures above background conditions with a slightly acidic pH. Plots with cooler, less acidic conditions support more diverse plant communities, which also promote the establishment of invasive species. This suggests that the largest threats to thermotolerant vegetation in New Zealand, including K. ericoides var. microflora, are further decreases in ground temperature because the establishment of invasive species may result in thermolerant vegetation being out-competed in hydrothermal ecosystems. Recognising and understanding the ecological diversity and dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems, as well as acknowledging the competing interests between development and conservation, is key to the management and protection of these areas.