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1.
Xiaomao WANG Garcia Leal M I Xiaolu ZHANG Hongwei YANG Yuefeng XIE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(6):820-824
The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of haloacetic acids (HAAs), a group of disinfection byproducts, in swimming pool and spa water. The samples were collected from six indoor pools, six outdoor pools and three spas in Pennsylvania, the United States, and from five outdoor pools and nine indoor pools in Beijing, China. Five HAAs (HAA5), including monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid were analyzed. Total chlorine, pH and total organic carbon concentration were analyzed as well. Results indicated that the levels of HAA5 in swimming pools and spas in the United States ranged from 70 to 3980μg·L^-1, with an arithmetic average at 1440μg·L^-1 and a median level at 1150μg·L^-1. These levels are much higher than the levels reported in chlorinated drinking water and are likely due to organic matters released from swimmers' bodies. The levels of HAA5 in swimming pools in China ranged from 13 to 332μg·L^-1, with an arithmetic average at 117μg·L^-1 and a median level at 114μg·L^-1. The lower HAA levels in swimming pools in China were due to the lower chlorine residuals. Results from this study can help water professionals to better understand the formation and stability of HAAs in chlorinated water and assess risks associated with exposures to HAAs in swimming pools and spas. 相似文献
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Huan HE Bo TANG Cheng SUN Shaogui YANG Weijuan ZHENG Zichun HUA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(3):409-416
High-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies against cadmium-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex have been produced using the hybridoma technique. A hapten was synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Vis. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative detection of cadmium in aqueous sample was developed. The monoclonal antibody with high level of binding affinity for Cd-IEDTA-BSA and high specificity for soluble Cd-EDTA complex showed less than 0.99% cross-reactivity with other 11 metals. The limit of detection was 0.10 μg·L-1, and the effective linear range was 10-1–103 μg·L-1. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations were 1.5%–6.3% and 3.2%–7.4%, respectively. The spike recovery in different water samples were between 98.5% and 110.3%. The detection limit of this assay was well below the allowable concentration of cadmium (3 μg·L-1), and the working range was wider than that of other methods which showed the range of 2.19–86.38 and 0–103 μg·L-1. The competitive ELISA established in this paper was sensitive and accurate in the screening of cadmium in aqueous samples. The results will lay a solid foundation for construction of an immunoassay kit for cadmium. 相似文献
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以乙二胺和抗坏血酸为原料,通过一步水热法制备了水溶性的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs).研究了N-CQDs的形貌特征、光学性能和应用分析.表征结果说明,N-CQDs形态为均匀分散的球形,有明显的晶格条纹,抗光漂白性能良好,表面富有含氧官能团,具有良好的水溶性.此外发现N-CQDs还具有优良的荧光性能和荧光稳定性,量子产率可以高达12.29%.分析得出,Hg2+对N-CQDs在1.0—120μmol·L-1范围内有一定的猝灭效应,可作为Hg2+的荧光探针,检出限达230 nmol·L-1. 相似文献
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Yan SUN Huang HUANG Ying SUN Chao WANG Xiaolei SHI Hongying HU Takashi KAMEYA Koichi FUJIE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(1):18-26
The purpose of this study was to give a worldwide overview of the concentrations of typical estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the effluent of sewage plants and then compare the concentra- tion distribution of the estrogenic EDCs in ten countries based on the survey data of the estrogenic EDCs research. The concentrations of three main categories (totally eight kinds) of estrogenic EDCs including steroidal estrogens (estrone (El), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17a- ethynylestradiol (EE2)), phenolic compounds (nonylphe- nol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA)) and phthalate esters (dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dibutyl phthalate (2- ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) in the effluents of sewage plants reported in major international journals over the past decade were collected. The statistics showed that the concentration distributions of eight kinds of EDCs were in the range of ng·L^-1 to μg·L^-1. The concentrations of steroidal estrogens mainly ranged within 50.00 ng. L-1, and the median concentrations of El, E2, E3 and EE2 were 11.00, 3.68, 4.90 and 1.00 ng·L^-1, respectively. Phenolic compounds and phthalate esters were found at pg. L-1 level (some individual values were at the high level of 40.00 μg·L^-1). The median concentrations of BPA, NP, DBP and DEHP were 0.06, 0.55, 0.07 and 0.88 μg·L^-1, respectively. The concentrations of phenolic compounds and phthalate esters in the effluents were higher than that of steroids estrogens. The analysis of the concentration in various ten countries showed that steroids estrogens, phenolic compounds and phthalate esters in sewage plant effluents were detected with high concentration in Canada, Spain and China, respectively. 相似文献
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Yongxiang REN Kai WEI Hua LIU Guoqiang SUI Junping WANG Yanjun SUN Xiaohui ZHENG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(2):166-172
Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·L-1 in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·L-1 in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·L-1 in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·L-1 in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. 相似文献
8.
John WANG Peng JIN Paul L. BISHOP Fuzhi LI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(2):288-293
Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia (NH3) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L-1 for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L-1 for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L-1 for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two- year average BOD5 effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L-1, and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L-1. The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents. 相似文献
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于2017年冬季12月13—21日在青藏高原东缘理塘地区分昼夜采集PM2.5样品,并用DRI2001A热光碳分析仪测定了有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的质量浓度,研究青藏高原PM2.5中碳组分的化学特征及主要来源,以期为理塘地区制定污染排放政策提供参考。结果表明,2017年冬季青藏高原东缘理塘地区PM2.5平均质量浓度为44.34μg·m?3,OC和EC的质量浓度为12.72μg·m?3和3.85μg·m?3,分别占PM2.5质量浓度的29.61%和8.96%。通过经验公式,计算得到总碳气溶胶(TCA)质量浓度为24.20μg·m?3,占PM2.5的54.84%,说明碳质气溶胶对青藏高原东缘理塘地区PM2.5有着十分重要的贡献。OC和EC在白天和夜间都有较高的相关性(相关系数分别为0.74和0.91),表明OC和EC的来源基本一致,受燃烧源影响较大。其中白天的相关系数低于夜间,说明青藏高原东缘理塘地区白天碳组分来源相对复杂。昼夜浓度对比显示,青藏高原东缘理塘地区PM2.5白天和夜间的质量浓度分别为53.88μg·m?3和33.44μg·m?3,OC和EC浓度白天高于夜间,表明白天人为排放相对较高。冬季观测期间,PM2.5中二次有机碳(SOC)昼夜浓度分别为1.11μg·m?3和3.03μg·m?3,分别占OC质量浓度的7.09%、26.59%,表明青藏高原东缘理塘城区白天碳组分主要为一次源。利用PMF 5.0软件对理塘城区碳组分进行进一步的解析,结果显示燃煤和生物质燃烧的混合源对总碳(TC)的贡献高达47.84%,占比最高;其次是汽车尾气和柴油车尾气源,贡献率分别为28.62%和23.54%。 相似文献
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Yang PAN Xiangru ZHANG Jianping ZHAI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(1):121
When bromide/iodide is present in source water, hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid will be formed with addition of chlorine, chloramine, or other disinfectants. Hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid undergoes reactions with natural organic matter in source water to form numerous brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, tap water samples were collected from eight cities in China. With the aid of electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry by setting precursor ion scans of m/z 35, m/z 81, and m/z 126.9, whole pictures of polar chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples were revealed for the first time. Numerous polar halogenated DBPs were detected, including haloacetic acids, newly identified halogenated phenols, and many new/unknown halogenated compounds. Total organic chlorine, total organic bromine, and total organic iodine were also measured to indicate the total levels of all chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples. The total organic chlorine concentrations ranged from 26.8 to 194.0 μg·L–1 as Cl, with an average of 109.2 μg·L–1 as Cl; the total organic bromine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 113.3 μg·L–1 as Br, with an average of 34.7 μg·L–1 as Br; the total organic iodine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 16.4 μg·L–1 as I, with an average of 9.1 μg·L–1 as I; the total organic halogen concentrations ranged from 31.3 to 220.4 μg·L–1 as Cl, with an average of 127.2 μg·L–1 as Cl. 相似文献
11.
Shuting ZHANG Bo WEI Xin YU Bing LIU Zhuoying WU Li GU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(4):459-465
The biologic activated carbon (BAC) process is widely used in drinking water treatments. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the microbial community structure provides very helpful data to improve the reactor performance. However, the bottleneck of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from BAC attached biofilm has to be solved since the conventional procedure was unsuccessful due to firm biomass attachment and adsorption capacity of the BAC granules. In this study, five pretreatments were compared, and adding skim milk followed by ultrasonic vibration was proven to be the optimal choice. This protocol was further tested using the vertical BAC samples from the full-scale biofilter of Pinghu Water Plant. The results showed the DNA yielded a range of 40 μg·g-1 BAC (dry weight) to over 100 μg·g-1 BAC (dry weight), which were consistent with the biomass distribution. All results suggested that the final protocol could produce qualified genomic DNA as a template from the BAC filter for downstream molecular biology researches. 相似文献
12.
Effects of humic acid on residual Al control in drinking water treatment plants with orthophosphate addition 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wendong WANG Hua LI Zhenzhen DING Xiaochang WANG Rui LIU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(4):470-476
This study aimed to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) on residual Al control in drinking water facilities that used orthophosphate addition. The results showed that adding orthophosphate was an effective method for residual Al control for the raw water without HA. When orthophosphate was added at 1.0 min before the addition of poly aluminum chloride (PACl), the concentrations of soluble aluminum (Sol-Al) and total aluminum (Tot-Al) residue were 0.08 and 0.086 mg·L-1, respectively; both were reduced by 46% compared with the control experiment. The presence of HA would notably increase the residual Al concentration. For the raw water with 5 mg·L-1 of HA, the concentrations of Sol-Al and Tot-Al increased from 0.136 and 0.174 mg·L-1 to 0.172 and 0.272 mg·L-1, respectively. For water with a HA concentration above 5 mg·L-1, orthophosphate was ineffective in the control of residual Al, though there were still parts of orthophosphate were removed in coagulation. The amounts of Al removal were positively correlated with the solids freshly formed in coagulation. Similar to the raw water without HA, the best Al control was obtained with orthophosphate salt added at 1.0 min before PACl. HA concentrations in the raw water, solution pH, and the orthophosphate dosage suitable for residual Al control by orthophosphate precipitation were also investigated. 相似文献
13.
Ruiping LIU Wei XU Kun WU Wenxin GONG Huijuan LIU Jiuhui QU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(4):568-578
The unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater into water environments results in significantly increased levels of arsenic in water; however, the species distribution of arsenic in sediments has never been reported before for such cases. This study focuses on an As pollution accident in the Dasha River, and uses sequential extraction procedures with deionized water, 1?mol·L-1 MgCl2 at pH= 8, 1?mol·L-1 NaH2PO4 at pH= 5, and 1?mol·L-1 HCl to investigate four binding phases of arsenic (i.e., water soluble, ion-exchangeable, strongly-bound, and precipitates) in sediments at different layers in different cross-sections along the river. The average ratio of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) was found to decrease from 0.74:1 in river water to 0.48:1 in sediment, owing to its higher affinity toward As(V) than As(III). The content of arsenic in the sediments was relatively low and the maximum content was observed to be 36.3?mg·kg-1 for As(III) and 97.5?mg·kg-1 for As(V). As(III) and As(V) showed different binding phases in sediments, and the average fractions of these four species were determined to be 0.09, 0.11, 0.17, and 0.63 for As(III) and 0.03, 0.14, 0.63, and 0.20 for As(V), respectively. For all the sediment samples, the content of arsenic showed no relationship with the characteristics of the sediments such as the particle diameter, the content of organic carbon, Fe, and Mn, although a negative correlation with particle diameter was observed for the sediments in the uppermost 2-cm layer. The unexpected emergent As incident results in the high content of total arsenic in the surface sediment, which may be potential secondary source to the elevated As levels in surface water. 相似文献
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In this study, samples were taken from six conventional water treatment plants for disinfection by‐products analysis. Results from the analysis revealed that trihalomethanes (THMs) concentrations in all samples were below regulatory levels (100 μg/L). Although the national standard for haloacetic acids (HAA5) has not yet been promulgated in Taiwan, samples from two water plants contained HAA5 concentrations exceeding the USEPA limit (MCL of HAA5 of Stage 1, 60 μg/L). THMs and HAA5 were found to be the major disinfection by‐products in all water treatment plants. It was noted that the concentration of HAA5 in most samples was higher than that of the trihalomathanes. However, the formation potential of THM (THMFP) was found to be higher than that of HAA (HAAFP). Good correlation also was found between THMFP (or THMFP) and HAA5 (or THMs). In evaluating the performance of the treatment processes, it was found that conventional water treatment processes followed by activated carbon were effective in removing disinfection by‐products (DBPs) from source water with pre‐ozonation. The treatment processes were at their optimum performance in removing contaminants when O3/TOC0 was held at 0.75. 相似文献
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低碳氮比废水好氧颗粒污泥系统稳定性及微生物种群多样性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
低碳氮比(C/N)废水处理是含氮废水处理中的难题之一.本实验在C/N为4:1和2:1(COD和NH4+-N浓度分别为400 mg·L-1和100 mg·L-1,400 mg·L-1和200 mg·L-1)条件下,考察好氧颗粒污泥系统对低碳氮比废水的处理效果、长期运行稳定性,研究C/N对好氧颗粒微生物结构变化的影响.研究结果表明,在C/N为4:1的废水中接种活性污泥培养好氧颗粒污泥,形成的颗粒沉降性能良好,MLSS为4.94 g·L-1,SVI30为40 mL·g-1,COD去除率90%以上,氨氮去除率接近100%.降低碳氮比,即C/N为2:1后,好氧颗粒的物理及硝化性能无明显变化,MLSS为11.38 g·L-1,SVI30/SVI5维持在1左右,COD去除率大于85%,氨氮去除率98%.碳氮比降低使颗粒微生物多样性减少,其中陶厄氏菌受影响较小,而硝化功能菌出现更替:噬氢菌、食酸菌、里德拜特氏菌消失,鞘氨醇单胞菌、束缚杆菌等成为优势菌种.实验表明,该低碳氮比条件下好氧颗粒污泥系统能够稳定运行,且具有优良的处理性能. 相似文献
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Youjun CHEN Feng XIAO Yongkang LIU Dongsheng WANG Ming YANG Hua BAI Jiong ZHANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(1):66
The continuous variations of dissolved oxygen (DO), manganese (Mn), pH, and their effect on manganese removal by different water treatment processes are investigated. The results show that the declined DO concentration and pH value in the bottom of reservoir results in the increasing release of Mn from sediment to source water. Manganese concentration increased from 0.1 to 0.4 mg·L-1 under the condition that DO concentration decreased from 12.0 to 2.0 mg·L-1 in raw water. The different water treatment processes exhibited different efficiency on manganese removal. The processes with recycling of the suspended sludge, low elevation velocity in settling tank and slow filter rate, will benefit the manganese removal. During a high release of manganese in raw water, traditional coagulation-sedimentation and filtration could not completely remove Mn, although granular activated carbon filtration (GAC) had been applied. At that case, preoxidation with chlorine or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was necessary to address the high manganese concentration. 相似文献
17.
Yun FANG Meiying XU Xingjuan CHEN Guoping SUN Jun GUO Weimin WU Xueduan LIU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):444
Extraction of high-quality microbial DNA from contaminated environmental samples is an essential step in microbial ecological study. Based on previously published methods for soil and sediment samples, a modified pretreatment method was developed for extracting microbial DNA from heavily contaminated river sediment samples via selection of optimal pretreatment parameters (i.e., reagent solution, reaction duration, and temperature). The pretreatment procedure involves washing the river sediment sample for three times with a solution containing 0.1 mol·L-1 ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.1 mol·L-1 Tris (pH 8.0), 1.5 mol·L-1 NaCl, 0.1 mol·L-1 NaH2PO4, and Na2HPO4 at 65°C with 180 r·min-1 for 15 min to remove humic materials and heavy metals prior to the employment of standard DNA extraction procedures. We compared the results of standard procedure DNA extraction following pretreatment, without pretreatment, and with using a commercial PowerSoilTM DNA Isolation Kit. The results indicated that the pretreatment significantly improved the DNA quality based on DNA yield, DNA fragment length, and determination of prokaryotic diversity. Prokaryotic diversity exhibited in the DNA with the pretreatment was also considerably higher than that extracted with the PowerSoilTM DNA Isolation Kit only. The pretreatment method worked well even with a small amount of sediment sample (0.25 g or even lower). The method provides a novel, simple, cost-effective tool for DNA extraction for microbial community analysis in environmental monitoring and remediation processes. 相似文献
18.
Yijing CHAN Meifong CHONG Chunglim LAW 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(2):334
Optimization of an integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB) treatment system for the reduction of organic matter (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations) in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) to legal standards with high methane yield was performed for the first time under thermophilic condition (50°C–55°C) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three independent operating variables, organic loading rates in anaerobic compartment (OLRan) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration in anaerobic (MLVSSan) and aerobic compartments (MLVSSa). The optimum conditions for the POME treatment were determined as OLRan of 15.6 g COD·L-1·d-1, MLVSSan of 43100 mg·L-1, and MLVSSa of 18600 mg·L-1, where high aerobic COD, BOD and TSS removal efficiencies of 96.3%, 97.9%, and 98.5% were achieved with treated BOD of 56 mg·L-1 and TSS of 28 mg·L-1 meeting the discharge standard. This optimization study successfully achieved a reduction of 42% in the BOD concentrations of the final treated effluent at a 48% higher OLRan as compared to the previous works. Besides, thermophilic IAAB system scores better feasibility and higher effectiveness as compared to the optimized mesophilic system. This is due to its higher ability to handle high OLR with higher overall treatment efficiencies (more than 99.6%), methane yield (0.31 L CH4·g-1 CODremoved) and purity of methane (67.5%). Hence, these advantages ascertain the applicability of thermophilic IAAB in the POME treatment or even in other high-strength wastewaters treatment. 相似文献
19.
为研究中国典型沿海城市冬季PM2.5中碳组分的污染特征及来源,于2018年12月5日—2019年1月30日分别在天津(TJ)、上海(SH)和青岛(QD)同步采集PM2.5样品。结果表明,天津、上海和青岛PM2.5的平均浓度分别为(116.96±66.93)、(31.21±25.62)、(74.93±54.60)μg·m-3,OC和EC的空间分布均为天津(18.69±7.95)μg·m-3和(4.98±2.08)μg·m-3>青岛(16.45±8.94)μg·m-3和(2.01±1.04)μg·m-3>上海(7.28±3.11)μg·m-3和(1.05±1.25)μg·m-3。3个站点的OC和EC均呈现较好的相关性,表明OC和EC具有相似的来源;OC/EC比值范围在2.37—7.53、5.47—46.41和4.77—13.36之间,证明各采样点均存在二次有机碳(SOC)的生成;采用最小R2法(MRS)估算SOC浓度,得到3个采样点SOC的平均质量浓度为(5.09±4.68)、(3.90±1.65)、(4.21±4.31)μg·m-3,分别占OC总量的27.2%、55.8%和19.5%,其中上海的SOC在OC中的占比最大,说明上海二次有机碳污染较为严重,这主要归因于冬季严重污染源排放和有利的二次转化气象条件,而天津和青岛的碳组分主要来自污染源的直接排放。主成分分析(PCA)结果发现,天津PM2.5中碳组分主要来源于道路尘、生物质燃烧和机动车尾气,上海PM2.5中碳组分主要来源于生物质燃烧、道路扬尘和机动车尾气。青岛PM2.5中碳组分主要来源于道路扬尘、机动车尾气。后向轨迹聚类分析表明,来自西北方向的气团对天津的影响较大,PM2.5和碳组分的浓度值最大;而对上海而言,主要受北方气溶胶经过海面又传输回上海的气团的影响;青岛站点主要受华北地区污染物和本地排放源的影响。 相似文献
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Yuanting LI Dawei LI Wei SONG Meng LI Jie ZOU Yitao LONG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(6):831-838
A disposable biosensor was fabricated using single-walled carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles and tyrosinase (SWCNTs-AuNPs-Tyr) modified screen-printed electrodes. The prepared biosensor was applied to the rapid determination of phenolic contaminants within 15 minutes. The SWCNTs-AuNPs-Tyr bionanocomposite sensing layer was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry methods. The characterization results revealed that SWCNTs could lead to a high loading of tyrosinase (Tyr) with the large surface area and the porous morphology, while AuNPs could retain the bioactivity of Tyr and enhance the sensitivity. The detection conditions, including working potential, pH of supporting electrolyte and the amount of Tyr were optimumed. As an example, the biosensor for catechol determination displayed a linear range of 8.0 × 10-8 to 2.0 × 10-5 mol·L-1 with a detection limit of 4.5 × 10-8 mol·L-1 (S/N = 3). This method has a rapid response time within 10 s, and shows excellent repeatability and stability. Moreover, the resulting biosensor could be disposable, low-cost, reliable and easy to carry. This kind of new Tyr biosensor provides great potential for rapid, on-site and cost-effective analysis of phenolic contaminants in environmental water samples. 相似文献