2008年污水治理技术新进展

文章评述了我N2008年污水治理技术的新进展,重点介绍了高难废水治理、炼油污水特色治理、石化废水治理、油田污水处理以及污水零排放和回用等技术。     

制革行业污染治理集成技术及工程应用

介绍了"五水分流"清洁生产技术、铬液灰液循环利用技术、制革高氨氮废水稳定达标排放技术、MicrowaterTM环境治理微生物技术体系、四相废水深度达标治理专利技术、膜处理回用技术、含铬污泥资源化利用技术等制革行业污染治理集成技术的概况;通过分析应用实例,指出该技术体系在达标治理的前提下,通过清洁生产、高效处理、中水回用、铬泥资源化利用等手段,可有效降低污染治理成本,应用前景广阔。     

浅谈低浓度有机废气治理技术的选择

文章介绍了4种常见低浓度有机废气治理技术的原理、优缺点,对比分析了低浓度有机废气治理技术的环保性能、运维费用和安全性能。沸石转轮吸附浓缩催化氧化技术在净化效率、运行费用、安全性方面明显优于其他有机废气治理技术。建议对于常规低浓度有机废气治理优先选择沸石转轮吸附浓缩催化氧化技术。     

分子键合TM技术在垃圾焚烧飞灰治理中的应用

结合国内垃圾焚烧飞灰的治理现状,对分子键合TM技术治理垃圾焚烧飞灰的原理、工艺进行了介绍分析,并通过实验研究对分子键合TM技术在垃圾焚烧飞灰治理中的应用进行了探讨。     

混合菌种的共固定化技术在污染治理中的应用

对混合菌种固定化技术所用的载体和改进方法作了介绍,以及在污染治理中的应用进行了综述,治理的污染物主要包括酚类、卤化烃、氮和磷及其芳香族化合物。对该技术在污染治理中的应用前景作了评述。     

石油污染土壤生物修复技术的研究进展

目前对石油污染环境的治理方法有物理法、化学法和生物修复三种类型。文章综合论述了国内外对石油污染土壤的几种微生物修复方法,分别介绍了利用植物、动物及微生物进行治理的修复技术。在我国,对于石油污染的治理应更多地采用低成本、无污染、高效率的生物治理技术。     

2015年国家鼓励发展的环境保护技术目录(水污染治理领域)

为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》,落实《国务院关于加强环境保护重点工作的意见》(国发〔2011〕35号)和《水污染防治行动计划》(国发〔2015〕17号),加快环保先进污染防治技术示范、应用和推广,环境保护部组织有关单位筛选了一批先进水污染治理技术,编写形成了2015年《国家先进污染防治示范技术名录(水污染治理领域)》和《国家鼓励发展的环境保护技术目录(水污染治理领域)》并于2015年12月7日发布。《国家先进污染防治示范技术名录(水污染治理领域)》所列技术具有创新性,技术指标先进、治理效果好,基本达到实际工程应用水平,具有工程示范价值。内容见本刊上期。《国家鼓励发展的环境保护技术目录(水污染治理领域)》所列技术是经工程实践证明了的成熟技术,治理效果稳定、经济合理可行,鼓励推广应用。内容如下。     

福斯近零排放技术在钢铁企业的应用

概括分析了在环保超低减排高压态势下钢铁企业烧结机烟气治理的现状;介绍了福斯近零排放技术(FOSS-D)的主要理念、工艺流程和系统构成;比较了该技术与烧结超低排放治理技术路线的异同;概括了FOSS-D技术在烧结烟气治理项目达到超净指标稳定运行的情况;展望了FOSS-D技术在烧结、钢厂自备电厂锅炉、加热炉等烟气治理场合的应用前景。     

城市河涌污染治理技术的研究进展

随着经济的高速发展,大量污染物排放于城市河涌,导致城市河涌受到严重的污染。采取有效的技术措施治理河涌污染势在必行。结合近年来国内外河涌治理的研究成果,综述了河涌治理的主要技术的原理、特点、存在的问题,并指出目前各项技术的研究重点。     

钢铁行业烧结烟气脱硫脱硝联合治理技术

分析了烧结烟气的特点,介绍了当前几种主要的烧结球团烟气脱硫脱硝联合治理技术,从技术原理、特点、适用条件及工程应用等方面进行了叙述,提出了钢铁行业烧结烟气污染物治理技术的发展方向。     

重金属污染土壤的修复方法及其在几类典型土壤修复中的应用

文中首先阐述了重金属污染土壤的途径与特点。介绍了当前几类主要的重金属污染土壤修复方法:物理化学方法、植物修复法、微生物修复法、动物修复法等的技术要点,详述了各自的技术特点及机理,并对它们的修复效能、环境友好性等进行了比较。从土壤的特性出发,区分出了3种典型的遭受重金属污染的土壤:农业土壤、城市土壤、矿区土壤,并从国内外最新的重金属污染修复实践中选取了适合各自土壤类型的修复方法进行了重金属污染土壤的治理探讨。最后,对土壤重金属污染修复技术的发展进行了展望。     

Prioritizing groundwater remediation policies: a fuzzy compatibility analysis decision aid

The implementation of groundwater remediation strategies in contaminated areas includes not only a cost-benefit analysis and an environmental risk assessment but also another type of study called compatibility analysis. A compatibility analysis targets the interactions between remediation technologies and site characteristics, such as the types of active contaminants and their concentrations, soil composition and geological features, etc. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the most compatible remediation plan for the contaminated site. In this paper, we introduce a decision support system for the prioritization of remediation plans based on their estimated compatibility index. As this model receives data in terms of linguistic judgments and experts' opinions, we use fuzzy sets theory to deal with these uncertainties. First, we break down the concept of compatibility into the measurable factors. Then by using a multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) outline, we compute a factorial, regional and overall compatibility indicator for each plan. Finally, by comparing these generated indicators, we rank the remediation policies.     

气候变化视角下的污染场地绿色可持续修复新方向

全球气候变化背景下,绿色可持续修复已成为修复领域的必然趋势。极端天气频发和水文条件改变等气候变化会影响污染场地修复工程实施和修复技术适用性等,绿色可持续修复亟待进一步发展和完善。弹性修复是在绿色可持续修复的基础上,进一步应对和适应气候变化的新兴修复方向。英美等发达国家已经初步发展了弹性修复的理论和实践,本文通过探究污染场地修复与气候变化的交互作用,借鉴发达国家的相关经验和实践案例,为我国污染场地绿色可持续修复适应气候变化提出发展建议。     

土壤污染的健康危害与修复技术

土壤污染是当今社会面临的重要环境问题之一,已经对人体健康构成了严重威胁。本文将土壤污染物分为有机污染物、无机污染物、生物污染物和放射性污染物,并阐述了各类污染物对人体健康的危害,介绍了具有广阔应用前景的污染土壤修复技术,即植物修复技术和微生物修复技术。最后,本文还对解决土壤污染问题提出了具体的建议。     

Remediation of saturated soil contaminated with petroleum products using air sparging with thermal enhancement

Pollutants in the form of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), such as petroleum products, pose a serious threat to the soil and groundwater. A mathematical model was derived to study the unsteady pollutant concentrations through water saturated contaminated soil under air sparging conditions for different NAPLs and soil properties. The comparison between the numerical model results and the published experimental results showed acceptable agreement. Furthermore, an experimental study was conducted to remove NAPLs from the contaminated soil using the sparging air technique, considering the sparging air velocity, air temperature, soil grain size and different contaminant properties. This study showed that sparging air at ambient temperature through the contaminated soil can remove NAPLs, however, employing hot air sparging can provide higher contaminant removal efficiency, by about 9%. An empirical correlation for the volatilization mass transfer coefficient was developed from the experimental results. The dimensionless numbers used were Sherwood number (Sh), Peclet number (Pe), Schmidt number (Sc) and several physical-chemical properties of VOCs and porous media. Finally, the estimated volatilization mass transfer coefficient was used for calculation of the influence of heated sparging air on the spreading of the NAPL plume through the contaminated soil.     

CHALLENGES IN GROUND WATER REMEDIATION: DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS1

ABSTRACT: Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminated ground water has proven to be exceptionally difficult to remediate for both physical and chemical reasons. Since DNAPL's are denser than water, their movement is not governed by the direction of ground water flow as is generally the case for other ground water contaminants. Additionally, DNAPLs' interactions with aquifer solids through processes such as sorption tend to make the pollution linger or sometimes apparently disappear, only to return later. Unfortunately, pump-and-treat systems, the traditional way ground water contamination is addressed, have not been effective in cleaning DNAPL contaminated water. Other remediation technologies continue to be developed to address these problems. Policy changes will also be necessary to effectively address the difficulties associated with ground water remediation.     

A Proactive Approach Can Make Site Remediation Less Expensive

Without any incentive to clean up a contaminated site, remediation is often delayed until the site owner is compelled to act by regulatory agencies. In such a context, the selected technology is typically the one that will reach the remediation goals as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, this criterion is often met by overly expensive technologies, resulting in high and sometimes unaffordable total remediation costs, leading to a remediation with a negative net benefit. This study examines the effects of time constraint and benefit value on the optimal remediation strategy for a diesel-contaminated site. This strategy is developed using the technico-economic model METEORS, which takes into account the technology’s effectiveness, the uncertainty of the level of contamination, and the possibility of reducing this uncertainty through either an additional characterization (before selecting and applying a technology) or the monitoring of the remediation technology (during its use). Results of simulations with both economic and temporal constraints support a proactive approach to site remediation.     

地下水DNAPLs污染的研究进展

地下水有机污染特别是DNAPLs污染是当前国际上地下水污染控制的热点问题。本文综述了DNAPLs的监测技术、DNAPL在含水层的迁移及DNAPb污染场地修复技术的研究进展。     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术研究及其前景

根据污染土壤的生物修复技术具有高效、无二次污染和操作管理简便的优点，本文介绍谊类技术在石油污染治理领域的应用。在概述石油的组成成分及其对环境造成的污染的基础上，重点论述了微生物和植物修复技术有效去除有机污染物的应用条件，并就目前两种技术的最新研究成果即基因技术的应用作了介绍，同时指出了石油污染土壤生物修复技术的发展趋势和应用前景。     

污染场地修复技术的种类

本文旨在归纳总结目前国内外对污染场地的修复的各种技术。认为场地修复通常包括污染土修复和含水层净化等2个方面。污染土常见的处理技术目前大致可归纳为6类，即微生物修复技术、化学处理技术、物理分离技术、固化／安定化技术、高温处理技术、植物修复技术等。而污染地下水的修复方法主要有5项：注气法、原位微生物修复技术、两相蒸气提取法、原位氧化法、原位反应墙技术等。