论清洁生产和工业企业管理

清洁生产是从８０年代末发展起来的一种新的、创造性的保护环境战略措施，其中心思想是通过对生产进行全过程控制达到节能、降耗、减污的目的。本文介绍了清洁生产的基本概念，并通过分析和总结我国一些工业企业实行清洁生产的结果，论述清洁生产和工业企业管理的关系。     

论工业企业改扩建中清洁生产的评估与审计

论述了工业企业改扩建项目进行清洁生产评估与审计的地位和作用,同时也讨论了我国推行清洁生产的进展情况和存在问题,并提出了一些建议。     

以清洁生产促进浙江省工业的持续发展

国内外清洁生产的实践表明,通过对企业的废物审计和清洁生产的实施,在国家投入少量资金的条件下,短期内即可减少原材料消耗5％～10％,污染物排放减少10％～50％,经济效益显著提高,并腾出了环境容量满足进一步发展生产的需要,达到了发展经济和保护环境的目的。1背景长期以来,我国经济发展一直沿用以大量的消耗资源粗放经营为特征的传统发展模式。通过高投入、高消耗、高污染,来实现较高的经济增长。传统的生产模式导致资源利用不合理,大量资源和能源以废物的方式排入环境造成严重的污染。多年的实践证明,继续维持传统粗放型经济增…     

海门市工业企业清洁生产试点

阐述了推行清洁生产试点的工业企业必须具备的条件和开展清洁生产的主要步骤。通过对工业企业清洁生产的审计验收,取得了较好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。     

产业园区的区域清洁生产浅议

清洁生产在企业层次的推广成效显著,但也逐渐显现出其局限性,如单个企业能耗、物耗的进一步降低往往涉及工艺改造,技术风险大且成本较高,而且线性的生产模式不利于废物的循环利用等.清洁生产的意义和内涵已随着时代的需要有了进一步的延伸和扩展,将清洁生产应用于工业共生系统已成为清洁生产理论创新的重要组成部分.产业园区的建设为进一步提高资源、能源利用率创造了条件,产业生态学的发展为区域层次的清洁生产提供了理论基础.把清洁生产应用于产业园区是必要且可行性的,但产业园区的清洁生产理论和方法尚需进一步探索和实践.     

论企业持续清洁生产

持续清洁生产是清洁生产审核之后一项非常重要的工作，只有真正了解持续清洁生产的意义和内涵，才能使清洁生产具有可持续性，才能为企业的发展提供一种新的思路。文中结合徐州夹河煤矿清洁生产审核过程，就持续清洁生产的基本内容和如何实现持续清洁生产进行了探讨。     

技术性清洁生产在保温材料制造业的实践

现阶段,在工业企业推行清洁生产的过程中十分有必要重视技术性清洁生产.技术性清洁生产对工业生产过程中污染物的减产甚至彻底消除某种污染物具有直接面快速的效果.此外,技术性清洁生产以改进企业主体生产工艺及装备技术水平和实现废弃物回收利用为主要切入点,具有提高产品质量、降低能耗、提高利润及全面优化生产过程等多方面的综合效益,这对工艺设备未达到较先进水平的企业尤为重要.分析了技术性清洁生产在现阶段工业企业推行清洁生产过程中的重要作用,并以某保温材料制造企业为例,介绍了该企业进行清洁生产技术改造的具体实施方案和取得的效益.     

富马酸的清洁生产工艺

富马酸的生产方法有很多种,主要有淀粉石蜡发酵和马来酸异构化。而马来酸异构化又有光异构化、生物异构化和化学品异构化。镇江市联港化学科技有限公司采用硫尿催化异构化来生产富马酸,是目前生产富马酸最主要的生产方法,并且已完全实现清洁生产。     

机械镀锌工艺的清洁生产

结合机械镀锌的实际生产过程 ,讨论了机械镀锌实现清洁生产的主要途径 ,并且从工艺过程、经济效益、环境效益 3个方面对机械镀锌进行了综合评价 ,结果表明 ,机械镀锌是切实可行的清洁生产技术     

化学分析实验室的清洁生产

化学分析实验室的能源和资源用量大，效率低，环境污染严重，建议推行清洁生产，并就如何推行提出了建议。     

清洁生产纳入环境影响评价的现存问题及其改进建议

目前,清洁生产已成为工业企业建设项目环境影响评价中重要内容,但尚存在（1）缺乏统一的参照标准,（20实际落实情况不尽人意,（3）主管单位的不确定,导致清洁生产措施难以落实,影响了清洁生产实际推广,为此,提出了相应的改进建议。     

工业废水COD剖析分析及其与有机物总量的关系

对钢铁厂、化工厂、制药厂、煤气焦化厂、煤矿废水COD进行了剖析分析,结果表明,废水中SS和可溶性无机物对COD有着重要贡献,不同类型或同一类型的工业废水,两者对COD贡献不同,且差值较大。SS贡献最大和最小者分别为61.1％和12.4％。可溶性无机物最大和最小贡献者分别为28.4％和14.6％。原水澄清或过滤测得COD明显偏低。同时,试验了GC法测得有机物总量与澄清水和原水COD的关系,前者呈相关,r为0.8183(n=7),后者无相关性,r仅为0.379(n=7)。     

The Application of Chemical Leasing Business Models in Mexico

- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.02.294 Background, Aim and Scope. To better address the requirements of the changing multilateral order, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Cleaner Production Programme, in 2004, developed the new Sustainable Industrial Resource Management (SIRM) approach. This approach is in accordance with the principles decided at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Unlike the traditional approaches to environmental management, the SIRM concept captures the idea of achieving sustainable industrial development through the implementation of circular material and energy flows in the entire production chain and reduction of the amount of material and energy used with greater efficiency solutions. The SIRM approach seeks to develop new models to encourage a shift from selling products to supplying services, modifying, in this manner, the supplier/user relationship and resulting in a win-win situation for the economy and the environment. Chemical Leasing represents such a new service-oriented business model and is currently being promoted by UNIDO′s Cleaner Production Programme. Main Features. One of the potential approaches to address the problems related to ineffective use and over-consumption of chemicals is the development and implementation of Chemical Leasing business models. These provide concrete solutions to the effective management of chemicals and on the ways negative releases to the environment can be reduced. The Chemical Leasing approach is a strategy that addresses the obligations of the changing international chemicals policy by focusing on a more service-oriented strategy. Mexico is one of the countries that were selected for the implementation of UNIDO's demonstration project to promote Chemical Leasing models in the country. The target sector of this project is the chemical industry, which is expected to shift their traditional business concept towards a more service and value-added approach. This is being achieved through the development of company specific business models that implement the above-indicated Chemical Leasing concept with the support from the Mexican National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC). Results and Conclusions. The implementation of Chemical Leasing in Mexico has proven to be an efficient instrument in enhancing sustainable chemical management and significantly reducing emissions in Mexico. Several companies from the chemical industrial sector implement or agreed to implement chemical leasing business models. Based on the positive findings of the project, several Mexican companies started to negotiate contents of possible Chemical Leasing contracts with suitable business partners. The project further aimed at disseminating information on Chemical Leasing. It successfully attracted globally operating companies in the chemicals sector to explore possibilities to implement Chemical Leasing business models in Mexico. At the international level, the results of the UNIDO project were presented on 20TH September 2005 during a side event of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) Preparation Conference in Vienna. Recommendations and Outlook. To facilitate the promotion and application of Chemical Leasing project at international level, UNIDO is currently developing a number of tools to standardize Chemical Leasing projects. These include, among others, Chemical leasing contract models; Chemical Leasing data base to find partners for chemical leasing; and guidelines to implement Chemical Leasing projects and work programmes.