探讨高炉出铁场颗粒物无组织排放治理——以天津市某钢铁企业为例

铜铁企业在污染物有组织排放控制技术上比较成熟面对日益严峻的环保形势和要求,企业必须加强无组织排放控制,对高炉出铁场无组织控制技术进行改造创新,以提升其除尘效果、减少污染物排放,改善现场环境本文以天津市某铜铁企业为例,介绍其高炉出铁场颗粒物无组织排放治理改造方案的具体情况及污染物减排量,以期为其他企业的环保治理作为借鉴。     

布袋除尘+湿式电除尘器改造应用

本文是针对350MW燃煤机组烟尘超净排放改造应用实践进行的论述,介绍了原有布袋除尘器的情况以及存在的问题,并围绕布袋除尘器开展改造方案的论证,提出了布袋除尘器加设湿式电除尘器与脱硫系统协同除尘的方案,介绍了湿式静电除尘器原理以及应用于本工程的技术优势。工程改造后通过性能测试满足性能保证值出口粉尘不大于5mg/m~3,同时SO_3的脱除效率为70.5%,满足不小于70%性能要求。布袋除尘器加设湿式电除尘器与脱硫系统协同除尘实现超净排放,取得了显著的环保效益,也为其他机组的改造提供了应用经验。     

3×300t转炉二次除尘系统改造工程

宝钢股份公司第一炼钢厂除尘系统扩容改造项目中,风量为300万m3/h的转炉二次脉冲布袋除尘器是目前国内冶金行业最大的布袋除尘器改造工程。针对除尘工艺流程、主要设备参数、系统技术优势以及实际运行效果进行了叙述,项目投产后运行良好,车间环境得到有效的改善,烟气排放达标。     

高炉炼铁工艺细颗粒物PM2.5排放特性分析

采用静电低压撞击器(electrical low pressure impactor,ELPI)对高炉出铁场、矿槽除尘后细微颗粒物(PM2.5)的粒径及质量浓度分布进行在线分析.结果表明,出铁场除尘后PM2.5粒数浓度在105~106cm-3数量级范围内,主要为粒径小于0.1μm的颗粒物,而矿槽除尘后PM2.5粒数浓度在104~105cm-3数量级范围内,主要为粒径1.0μm以下的颗粒物,质量浓度呈单峰分布;PM2.5化学组成分析表明水溶性离子SO2-4、K+、Ca2+含量较高,分别为10.32%~28.55%、10.36%~12.15%、3.97%~15.4%;主量元素主要为Fe、Si、Al,含量分别为16.8%~31.62%、2.24%~8.76%、1.24%~5.89%;含碳组分OC和EC在PM2.5中的含量也较为丰富,分别为2.7%~4.6%和0.8%~1.3%.PM2.5单体颗粒形态主要为球状颗粒和不规则颗粒.高炉出铁场、矿槽除尘后PM2.5的排放因子分别为0.045~0.085 kg·t-1、0.042~0.071 kg·t-1.     

首钢2#高炉出铁场除尘技术历次改造的剖析

通过对首钢 2 #高炉三次改造的剖析 ,陈述了高炉出铁场除尘系统从无到有 ,不断改进和完善 ,直至实现清洁化生产的典型发展历程。文中从技术角度分析了出铁场除尘的难点 ,特别指出结合出铁工艺 ,设计合理的捕集罩是解决问题的关键     

宝钢中厚板分公司煤干燥机除尘系统风量调整技术探究

文章针对宝钢股份中厚板分公司炼铁厂煤干燥机除尘系统吸尘点冒灰,粉尘无组织排放超标的现象进行了测试分析,数据表明主要由除尘系统风量匹配不佳、吸尘点风量不合理造成。笔者通过不断调整阀门及风机档板开摩,测试调整后的风量、除尘性能、岗位粉尘浓度等参数,确定了一个合理的系统风量,不仅可以达到环境排放及职业卫生的要求,而且充分挖掘了除尘系统潜力,达到了节能降耗、经济运行的目的,同时对类似除尘系统风量匹配不佳、扬尘等问题也形成了有效的解决方案。     

大型高炉除尘工程设计

目前国家钢铁行业政策明确要求:炼铁高炉应大型化以更好满足环保和节能减排的要求。新建大型高炉有效容积一般在3 200～5 500 m3之间,其除尘系统一般划分为供料、出铁场、炉顶等三个除尘系统,采用高效捕集罩、高效布袋除尘器、高效电机变频调速节能等技术。国内大型高炉的设计、建设、生产水平,已经达到国际先进水平。     

运煤系统粉尘综合治理方案评估

通过对运煤系统的除尘系统的设计及评估,将3种除尘过程进行详细的比较分析,得出,布袋除尘器方案技术合理,初投资最低,运行费用适中。因此推荐布袋除尘器作为本工程输煤系统除尘方案。     

一种高效超低排放组合式除尘净化装置

依据现行的技术规范、以往工程项目的设计经验,介绍了一种高效超低排放组合式烟气除尘净化装置降阻提效技术,组合式烟气除尘净化装置是由进气烟箱机械振打预除尘部分、一个电场电除尘器部分、布袋除尘器部分组成,组合式烟气除尘净化装置阻力的优化设计降低了总体阻力,延长布袋除尘器滤袋、脉冲阀的使用寿命,同时可以降低布袋除尘器总体阻力,节省电耗,降低除尘器的运行、维护费用,保证了除尘净化装置出口排放浓度长期在15 mg/m3以下高效运行,同时延长了系统的使用寿命,节省能耗,具有一定的经济意义。     

炼铁厂的烟尘控制

炼铁厂是钢铁企业中散发污染物的主要车间之一,国内现有高炉烟尘控制尚不够完善,至今还是钢铁厂的一个薄弱环节。炼铁厂的烟尘控制必须妥善解决高炉矿槽、出铁场及铸铁机室的除尘,特别是矿槽卸料小车、料坑、出铁场、以及铸铁机等处的除尘。从目前国内的实际情况出发,只要提高认识,认真总结经验,加强综合防治,炼铁厂的烟尘是有办法治理的,也是可以治理好的。     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.