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废旧汽车的环境问题与回收对策 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
我国汽车的保有量越来越大,随之废旧汽车带来的环境问题也日益严重.目前,我国废旧汽车的回收处置技术、管理方式和相应法规都不完善.因此,分析了废旧汽车主要污染物的危害,研究了一些发达国家的经验措施,提出了加强废旧汽车回收管理法规的建设,建立和完善回收管理体系以及示范试点,开发生产绿色汽车等措施. 相似文献
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欧洲、日本等国家和地区率先开启从污水及固体废弃物中回收磷的技术研发与工程应用,在政策/法律等层面也相继出台或修订了一系列有利于磷回收产品顺利进入市场的法规/条例。从磷的源分离、浓缩液沉淀、污泥分离以及污泥焚烧灰分提取几类技术,梳理分析了全球已研发并应用的污水处理磷回收技术的主要案例,并对比了各类技术的适用条件。分析了磷回收产品进入市场并获得竞争力的软性障碍,并从政策、法律及税收、补贴等层面介绍了个别国家和地区所采取的具体管理措施,以期为污水磷回收技术的应用与推广提供参考。 相似文献
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基于小波变换的ARIMA模型在水质预测中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,黑龙江黑河流域的水质状况逐年恶化,而溶解氧(DO)是研究水体自净能力和污染程度的一个重要指标。通过收集该地区2010年48周的DO浓度数据,经由小波变换对数据进行高频和低频的分离,再分别建立ARIMA模型,由此预测未来5期的DO浓度值的变化。结果表明,该模型较好地反映了DO浓度值的变化趋势,预测精度更高,同时,反映出DO浓度值随季节的变化规律,以期为该地区的水质分析预测和水体保护工作提供参考。 相似文献
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为解决传统养殖中养殖尾水的环境污染问题,促进池塘养殖可持续发展,基于新建的集装箱式循环水养殖系统,构建了三级养殖尾水净化塘水生态系统模型,对池塘水质、浮游植物及水生动物生物量以及池塘生态系统的演变进行了为期6个月的模拟预测,并设置添加沉水植物和添加低密度滤食性鱼类2种情景模拟。结果表明:水质模拟值的变化趋势与实测值基本一致,模拟值与实测值的平均相对误差为4.98% ~ 23.37%;模拟预测的设定条件下和模拟时段中,池塘生态系统的结构趋于稳定,形成以绿藻为主的藻类群落、以摇蚊和桡足类为主的水生动物群落;在尾水净化塘中,添加沉水植物对氮磷去除效果不明显,但对增加水体中溶解氧质量浓度作用明显,3个池塘溶解氧变化率最大值分别为23.11%、45.39%和77.90%;添加低密度滤食性鱼类有助于浮游植物的生长,3个池塘硅藻生物量的最大增幅为89.80%、47.22%和22.06%,绿藻生物量的最大增幅为76.95%、54.05%和23.29%,蓝藻生物量的最大增幅为45.99%、33.37%和20.30%。综上所述,基于AQUATOX构建串联的尾水净化塘水生态系统模型并模拟培植沉水植物和添加低密度滤食性鱼类的生物处理方法,不仅能够为管理者调整喂养结构提供借鉴与帮助,也可用于调控水生态系统组分,有利于水生态系统功能的恢复和平衡。本研究结果可为管理集装箱式循环水养殖模式的喂养结构、构建尾水净化塘生态系统、改进其他利用生物处理技术处理养殖尾水的养殖模式提供参考。 相似文献
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提出了评价对象、评价目标和评价方法三位一体的城镇生态承载力综合评价方法,构建了递阶多层生态承载力评价指标体系和面向应用对象的、融合多指标评语信息的生态承载力综合评价模型.以浙江省义乌市为例,对2000-2007年义乌市的生态承载力状况进行了评价与分析.结果表明,义乌市2000 2007年的生态承载力得分在60~70分,且呈逐年增加的趋势,说明其承载力状况良好;各支持力要素中,环境支持力得分一般,虽然随时间呈现一定波动但基本保持不变.资源支持力得分最差,人类支持力得分最高,且随时间逐年增加.结合研究区域实际情况对其生态承载力影响因素进行了剖析,并提出了生态承载力提高措施,为其可持续发展提供理论指导. 相似文献
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The Lagrangian dispersion model and its advantages while applying it in monitoring nuclear power plants in complex terrain at varying meteorological conditions is explained. The software developed has been installed at the Bavarian State Authority to monitor its six nuclear power plants. Input data are routinely measured meteorological data as well as emission data for iodine, aerosols and noble gas. 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(3)
利用北京某污水处理厂监测数据,建立了该厂的TSS和COD质量平衡模型。利用质量平衡校验污水厂监测数据,结果表明该厂初沉池、生物处理单元和污泥脱水单元TSS平衡误差分别为20.7%、19.3%和5.8%,全厂COD平衡误差为-3.8%,平衡准确性较好。通过与奥地利Strass污水处理厂的COD质量平衡数据进行比较,发现两者的差异主要在于:Strass污水处理厂通过一级处理去除了60.7%的进水COD,而北京某污水厂去除46.0%;Strass污水厂进水COD有35.9%转化为了CH4,而北京某厂为8.5%;Strass污水厂进水COD负荷的21.8%在生物反应池中通过碳氧化和反硝化转化为了CO2,而北京某污水厂为37.3%。COD质量平衡的差异是导致两厂曝气电耗和沼气产电差异的重要原因。以北京某厂COD质量平衡优化为视角,提出污水厂节能降耗的建议。 相似文献
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微波辐照糠醛渣制备活性炭及其性能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以糠醛渣及废炭粉为原料,通过掺合活化剂K2CO3成形后,在微波辐照下活化制备活性炭.研究K2CO3掺合比、辐照功率、活化气体CO2流量、辐照时间对活性炭结构与脱硫性能的影响,并设计正交实验优化工艺条件.结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,即K2CO3掺合比为1.0:2.0(质量比)、辐照功率为640 W、CO2流量为200 mL/min、辐照时间为10 min时,活性炭的吸附和脱硫性能较佳.扫描电镜和脱硫实验表明,后处理前后的活性炭在结构和脱硫性能以及脱硫机制上差异较大. 相似文献
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Duan Huiming Luo Xilin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(35):43884-43905
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy saving and emission reduction are the most concerned issues in the world. Objective and accurate prediction of carbon emissions can provide... 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,42(4):359-370
As environmental issues are of increased concern, many enterprises have participated in some forms of green-purchasing initiatives. Beside the traditional criteria, the supplier's environmental consciousness, environmental mission, advances in developing environmentally friendly goods, etc., should be evaluated. The attitude difference among supply chain partners will create potential problems for their cooperation and collaboration. A conflict evaluation method is proposed based on measuring their inconsistent attitudes toward important issues such as the environmental ones. A model is built for discovering weight parameters from experience. A pre-qualification process is suggested for screening the suppliers by eliminating those conflicts with the buyer firm. 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,23(4):397-409
Multicomponent models containing both substrate and biomass have an advantage over conventional models in seeking better understanding of activated sludge systems. Such models are also useful in the characterisation of wastewater. Studies in recent years have shown that most of the soluble organic matter in the effluent of treatment systems consists of soluble microbial products that arise during biological treatment. In order to support experimental studies, mathematical models have also been developed to explain microbial product formation. In connection with the approaches in the literature, a mathematical model for estimating chemical oxygen demand in effluent in dispersed media has been developed in this study. The death–regeneration approach – an approach of multicomponent activated sludge models containing the formation of soluble inert organic matter with together carbon oxidation – was used. Because the differential equations developed for dispersed media have no analytical solutions, the system was represented with the in-series reactor approach, with the death–regeneration and hydrolysis concepts advised in the IAWPRC Task Group Model. 相似文献
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Toshiki Iwasaki Takashi Maki Keiichi Katayama 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1998,32(24):4520
This paper describes the JMA tracer transport model and its sensitivity to model physics and initial conditions by using the ETEX data. Compared with observations, the model overestimates ground-level concentration in the early stage within about one day from the emission, possibly due to underestimation of vertical diffusion. In the early stage, the enhanced vertical diffusion effectively transports the tracer upward and decreases the ground-level concentration, while in the later stage, it enhances downward transports from the upper layer and increases the ground-level concentration. A conceptual model is given for understanding the vertical transport due to vertical diffusion. The horizontal diffusion introduced to the model has preferable impacts on forecasts especially in the early stage. Finally, we discuss the predictability of this model based on sensitivity to initial conditions of emission time and height. 相似文献