包头市污水厂进水COD浓度偏高的影响因素分析

通过对包头市万水泉污水厂进水浓度的监测与分析。结果表明,针对COD负荷,居民生活污水的污染负荷高于工业废水和城市公共污水,污水厂进水COD浓度主要由居民生活污水的COD浓度决定,居民区生活污水COD浓度在600~1 500 mg/L,高于污水厂进水COD浓度的平均值749 mg/L,远高于全国平均水平COD浓度327.6 mg/L;化粪池对于颗粒性COD的去除率在40%以上,对总COD去除在20%~30%,设置化粪池可有效降低居民区污水中COD浓度;本地特有的餐饮习惯造成当地餐饮废水COD指标偏高,平均值达到1 084 mg/L。确定了包头市污水厂进水COD浓度偏高的影响因素,为污水厂的运行及升级改造提供依据。     

厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳研究Ⅰ:COD/NH_4~+-N对耦合反应的影响

采用ASBR反应器,通过改变进水COD/NH_4~+-N值,研究了COD/COD/NH_4~+-N对厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合反应的影响.结果表明:在COD为300mg/L,NO2--N为145mg/L时,COD/COD/NH_4~+-N是影响厌氧氨氧化对耦合反应脱氮贡献及COD/NH_4~+-N去除率的主要因素,但不会对NO2--N去除率产生影响.当COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值在1~3.25时,厌氧氨氧化对耦合反应的脱氮贡献率基本稳定在73.03%;当COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值在3.75时,厌氧氨氧化对耦合反应脱氮的贡献率开始由71.76%下降至约55%;当COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值在4.25~5.25时,厌氧氨氧化与反硝化的脱氮贡献率基本相等;当COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值在6.5~12.5时,反硝化的脱氮贡献率随着COD/COD/NH_4~+-N值的增大由51.69%增大到79.62%.耦合反应器中活性污泥的颗粒化程度不断增强,颗粒污泥的粒径主要分布在0.6~1.5mm范围内,污泥沉降性能良好.     

2015—2019洱海COD变化特征及影响因素研究

通过开展洱海及主要入湖河流沟渠水质监测并应用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、Morlet小波等方法分析洱海湖区COD变化特征。结果发现,洱海湖区的COD历史趋势具有较为明显的年际和年内变化特征,洱海湖区的COD在近年来由下降趋势转变为上升趋势,突变发生在2017—2018年。在此期间入湖COD负荷、气象条件均未发生突变,洱海湖区COD与入湖COD负荷相关性逐渐降低,与叶绿素和浮游植物相关性升高,反映出洱海COD趋于受内源影响。     

MSBR除磷影响因素的试验研究

在正交试验确定的相对最佳操作条件的基础上,对MSBR除磷影响因素进行了试验研究,结果表明:在本试验选定的因素中,进水COD/P为主要影响因素,对系统除磷影响的主次顺序为COD/P＞ MLSS ＞ R ＞COD/N;工艺要求COD/P＞100,但是过高的COD/P也会导致PAOs(聚磷菌)与GAOs(聚糖菌)竞争对有机底物的竞争,致使TP去除率下降;随进水COD/N增加,出水TP浓度有缓慢下降的趋势,在COD/N＞7时系统除磷效果较好;出水TP随R的增大表现为先降后升的趋势,在R为0.5时系统除磷效果最好;进水COD浓度越高除磷效果越好.     

水解-交替脉冲曝气工艺处理城市污水研究

采用淹没式膜法水解-交替脉冲曝气系统对城市污水的处理效能进行研究,讨论了装置进水COD浓度变化对生活污水处理效果的影响、处理工艺沿程COD、NH3-N浓度变化状况、NH3-N的去除、水解对COD去除效果的影响以及进水COD/N比与反硝化的关系。研究表明,该系统能有效地去除COD和NH3-N。进水COD在450mg/L以下时,出水COD基本维持在60mg/L以下;进水NH3-N<50mg/L时,出水NH3-N<10mg/L。     

高效生物反应器在低COD难降解石化废水处理中的应用

介绍了高效生物反应器在低COD难降解石化废水处理中的中试及实际工程应用,实践证明,高效生物反应器针对低COD难降解废水在中试中COD去除率为63.13,工程实例中COD去除率为59.4%,且运行费用低,抗冲击效果好,工艺流程简单,运行效果稳定。     

曝气及双氧水对废水COD去除效果的研究

为研究曝气及投加双氧水对废酸厂废气湿法脱酸中废水COD的处理效能和工艺运行的稳定性,我们进行了一系列实验。以COD为主要评价指标,考察不同方法对废酸厂废气湿法脱酸中废水COD的去除效果。方案1.通过曝气方式,以空气为媒介,降低废水中COD含量;方案2.通过投加双氧水,降低废水中COD含量;结果表明,仅曝气实验,可以改善废水中的COD值,处理效率为70%,而使用双氧水对废水的COD的处理效率达25%。曝气的同时投加双氧水可以在去除COD中发挥最大的效果,去除率为87%,可以作为一种新型去除废酸厂废气湿法脱酸中废水COD的方法推广使用。     

光化学氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液影响因素的研究

以光化学氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,对不同光反应器、H2O2的投加方式、渗滤液曝气、不同光源以及原水初始COD浓度等影响因素进行了探讨,实验结果表明：旋转式反应器对COD去除效果最高,降膜反应器虽效率略差,但结构简单,光源无污染,易于在工程中使用;H2O2一次性投加更有利于COD的去除;在合适时间段采取曝气方式可提高紫外光氧化反应速度;紫外灯光对COD去除较好,而太阳光对COD去除稍差,可能耗低、成本低,在污染物治理时有广阔的应用前景;COD去除效率随原水初始COD浓度的增加而增加。     

SBR处理早期垃圾渗滤液中的COD和氨氮

采用SBR法对早期垃圾渗滤液进行好氧生物处理,探讨了进水COD负荷、pH值对COD、氨氮的处理效果和机理。实验结果表明:当运行周期为24 h时,好氧生物处理对早期的垃圾渗滤液有很好的处理效果,COD的去除率都能达到88%左右;出水的COD浓度随着进水COD浓度呈直线变化。pH一直保持在中性条件下,有利于COD的去除,但是对氨氮的去除却有一定的抑制作用。     

化学需氧量（COD）测定中氯离子的干扰及消除方法探讨

由于Cl^-离子在COD测定中会干扰测量结果,尤其对于高氯低COD的水样,其干扰尤为严重,因此COD测定过程中需要对水样中的Cl^-进行处理。文章从方法的原理、消除效果及适用范围等方面对目前国内在COD测试中采用的Cl^-干扰消除方法进行了评述。     

Treatment of oilfieid produced water by anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis

Treatment of oilfield produced water was investigated using an anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis (ME), focusing on changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biodegradability. Results showed that COD exhibited an abnormal change in the single anaerobic system in which it increased within the first 168 hr, but then decreased to 222 mg/L after 360 hr. The biological oxygen demand (five-day) (BOD5)/COD ratio of the water increased from 0.05 to 0.15. Hydrocarbons in the wastewater, such as pectin, degraded to small molecules during the hydrolytic acidification process. Comparatively, the effect of ME was also investigated. The COD underwent a slight decrease and the BOD5/COD ratio of the water improved from 0.05 to 0.17 after ME. Removal of COD was 38.3% under the idealized ME conditions (pH 6.0), using iron and active carbon (80 and 40 g/L, respectively). Coupling the anaerobic process with ME accelerated the COD removal ratio (average removal was 53.3%). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze organic species conversion. This integrated system appeared to be a useful option for the treatment of water produced in oil fields.     

Treatment of oilfield produced water by anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis

Treatment of oilfield produced water was investigated using an anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis (ME), focusing on changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biodegradability. Results showed that COD exhibited an abnormal change in the single anaerobic system in which it increased within the first 168 hr, but then decreased to 222 mg/L after 360 hr. The biological oxygen demand (five-day) (BOD5)/COD ratio of the water increased from 0.05 to 0.15. Hydrocarbons in the wastewater, such as pectin, degraded to small molecules during the hydrolytic acidification process. Comparatively, the e ect of ME was also investigated. The COD underwent a slight decrease and the BOD5/COD ratio of the water improved from 0.05 to 0.17 after ME. Removal of COD was 38.3% under the idealized ME conditions (pH 6.0), using iron and active carbon (80 and 40 g/L, respectively). Coupling the anaerobic process with ME accelerated the COD removal ratio (average removal was 53.3%). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze organic species conversion. This integrated system appeared to be a useful option for the treatment of water produced in oilfields.     

用凹凸棒石净化污染河水的研究

凹凸棒石或其活化产物对严重有机污染河水的色度、挥发酚、油、NH_3-N和COD_(cr)等均有明显的去除效果:对COD_(cr)的吸附净化符合Freundlich吸附等温式,并呈现一级反应动力学的特征:当与某些混凝剂组合使用时,对SS和COD_(cr)的净化呈明显的增强作用。从而可使污染河水的整体水质大获改善,其中某些水质指标可达到我国地面水Ⅰ—Ⅱ级的质量标准。提出了几种应用方式,并作了简要的效益和费用评估     

粉煤灰-土壤系统对沤麻废水的处理效果

将由粉煤灰-土壤过滤后的沤麻废水收集,定期测定收集到的废水的COD值,研究粉煤灰-土壤对沤麻废水的处理效果,结果表明:3种规模的粉煤灰-土壤对沤麻废水的COD平均去除率分别达到84%,77.6%和72.3%,且随着土壤深度的增加COD的去除率有所增加,试验取得了一定的效果。     

我国北方城市污水处理厂二级处理出水的水质特性

将生活污水二级处理出水分离为悬浮态、近胶体态和溶解态物质,并分别进行了分析.结果表明,溶解态COD占二级出水总COD的78.2%～86.5%,而悬浮态COD仅占10.1%～17.0%,近胶体态COD最高占4.8%;溶解态TOC占二级出水总TOC的82.6%～86.6%;悬浮物中有机组分占物质总量的75.54%～89.93%;二级出水中80%的颗粒分布在2.00～6.84 μm之间;二级出水的可生化性较差：BOD₅/COD为0.19５～0.28３, BDOC/DOC为0.156～0.26.溶解性有机物和悬浮性有机物的GC/MS分析表明,具有环状结构的化合物分别占各自总化合物的58%和35%.分析认为,二级出水中大多为难降解有机物,可生化性很差,要实现较高的去除效率,必须首先改善其可生化性,才能充分发挥后续生化工艺净化有机物的潜力.     

超声技术强化处理制革废水中的有机物

采用超声波强化混凝沉淀法处理制革废水,考察了超声波的作用时间和施加方式、混凝剂投加量等因素对降低废水中有机物的影响.实验结果表明:只用超声波作用废水60s,COD去除率为40.6%;混凝剂总浓度为100mg/L时COD去除率最高;先施加超声波60s,再投加混凝剂,COD去除率最高可达73.2%,比不用超声波时提高10%以上.因此,超声技术用于混凝沉淀法处理制革废水有明显的强化作用.     

Assessment and management of the performance risk of a pilot reclaimed water disinfection process

Chlorination disinfection has been widely used in reclaimed water treatment plants to ensure water quality. In order to assess the downstream quality risk of a running reclaimed water disinfection process, a set of dynamic equations was developed to simulate reactions in the disinfection process concerning variables of bacteria, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia and monochloramine. The model was calibrated by the observations obtained from a pilot disinfection process which was designed to simulate the actual process in a reclaimed water treatment plant. A Monte Carlo algorithm was applied to calculate the predictive effluent quality distributions that were used in the established hierarchical assessment system for the downstream quality risk, and the key factors affecting the downstream quality risk were defined using the Regional Sensitivity Analysis method. The results showed that the seasonal upstream quality variation caused considerable downstream quality risk; the effluent ammonia was significantly influenced by its upstream concentration; the upstream COD was a key factor determining the process effluent risk of bacterial, COD and residual disinfectant indexes; and lower COD and ammonia concentrations in the infiuent would mean better downstream quality.     

纺织洗布废水回用新工艺研究

纺织洗布废水具有较高的COD,浊度,电导率,处理此类废水一般都采用普通的生化处理使其达标排放。采用臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺对广东某纺织品有限公司洗布废水的生化处理出水进行深度处理以达到企业确定的回用标准。经试验表明:臭氧投加量为30mg/L时,深度处理系统的COD去除率超过62.5%,出水COD控制在30mg/L以下,浊度<1NTU,完全达到企业确定的回用标准。纺织洗布废水回用新工艺具有处理成本很低,处理效果稳定,具有显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

滨州高速公路径流污染特征分析

采用现场连续取样,对长深高速滨州段路面径流排水进行监测,探讨了路面雨水径流污染物的出流规律以及各污染物之间的相关性。结果表明:高速公路路面径流有较高的污染强度,汛期开始时降雨径流中COD、SS、TP、TN和NH3-N的事件平均浓度(EMCs)分别为292,366,0.85,7.52和2.75mg/L;降雨量大、初期降雨强度大的降雨事件,初期效应显著,径流形成30min后,COD、SS、TP、TN和NH3-N的浓度降为径流初期的29.4%,35.0%,59.2%,58.7%和64.5%,降雨量小、降雨强度小的降雨事件,整个降雨过程污染物浓度没有明显的降低趋势;初期降雨强度大的降雨事件,初期以颗粒态COD为主,中等降雨强度的降雨事件,颗粒态与溶解态COD的浓度在同一水平波动;SS与COD,TP有显著的相关性,颗粒物携带污染是高速公路径流污染的重要来源之一。     

用超滤技术评价絮凝法处理制浆废水最佳COD去除效果的探讨

利用超滤的分离特性剖析制浆洗漂废水及其絮凝上清液的COD的分子量分布,以探讨、评价絮凝法处理此类废水所能达到的最佳COD去除效果。研究结果表明,洗漂废水中MW>10000与MW<3000的物质是COD值的主要组成部分,占76％;COD最佳去除效果为70.3％。