共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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生物法净化低浓度工业废气的技术进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
综述了生物法净化有害气体的发展历史与现状,介绍了有机废气、SO2、H2S、NOx废气处理的生物净化实验研究和工业应用情况。 相似文献
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利用无泵水幕废气净化器治理高浓度NOx的工程实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了无泵水幕废气净化器的工作原理和运行特点,采用该设备处理某金刚石公司的酸洗车间高浓度的NOx气体,其净化效率达90%以上,净化后的NOx气体可直接达标排放。无泵水幕废气净化器解决了传统的水喷淋塔普遍存在的喷嘴堵塞、单级净化效率低、运行费用高等问题,在高浓度酸性气体治理方面具有很好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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氮的氧化物(NOx)的排放主要是在煤、石油和煤气燃烧过程中以及在生产硝酸和用其进行硝化、氧化的过程中造成的,本文所述方法已在硝酸厂的烟道气和废气进行过大型工业试验。此外,本文还考虑到炼焦厂废气和用于热力耦联器与金属酸洗装置的柴油发动机装置废气的再利用问题。 相似文献
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化学原料药制造行业是挥发性有机废气(VOCs)排放重点监管行业。原料药生产过程中VOCs排放具有排放节点多、成份复杂等特点。在阐述典型原料药生产过程中VOCs产生环节的基础上,分析了制药企业VOCs治理普遍面临的治理技术缺乏针对性、无组织废气收集不足、企业废气自行监测能力不足等难点问题,并对制药企业VOCs治理提出了加强有机废气成分溯源监测和规范废气收集等前瞻性建议,以期为提高该行业的VOCs治理效果并促进制药行业的可持续发展提供参考。 相似文献
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《环境污染与防治》2016,(6)
根据1996—2013年中国大陆31个省份工业废气排放总量和经济增长的面板数据,在考虑工业废气排放和经济发展相互作用的基础上,运用联立方程探究贸易开放程度、产业结构、工业废气污染治理力度、技术进步程度等污染控制变量对工业废气排放总量的影响,以及物质资本存量、劳动力投入量等对经济发展的作用,分析各区域工业废气排放总量和经济增长所处环境库兹涅茨曲线不同阶段的原因。结果表明:(1)全国以及东、中、西部不同区域的工业废气排放总量和经济增长的环境库兹涅茨曲线都呈"倒N"型;且东部已进入经济增长抑制工业废气排放时期,而中部、西部和全国尚处于工业废气排放总量随经济增长而增加的阶段。(2)联立方程表明,产业结构、贸易开放程度、技术进步程度等方面的差异是促使各区域所处阶段差异的主要原因。(3)联立方程中部分要素对各区域的影响机制类似,且污染方程中环境污染治理投资对工业废气减排的效果甚微。产出方程估计结果表明,各区域污染排放与人均GDP均呈弱正相关关系,说明大部分区域经济发展以环境为代价;且物质资本存量和人力资本存量对各区域经济增长的推动作用相对稳定。 相似文献
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以86台中小型燃烟煤层燃炉(≤65 MW)的燃料特性分析数据和NOx排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了锅炉出力、过量空气系数、燃煤挥发分、燃煤氮含量对NOx排放浓度的影响,分析了我国中小型燃烟煤层燃炉NOx的排放与管理控制现状。结果表明,中小型燃用烟煤层燃炉NOx平均排放浓度为324.6 mg/m^3;锅炉出力对NOx排放浓度不具有显著影响;燃煤挥发分增高,NOx排放浓度降低;过量空气系数和燃煤氮含量增大,NOx排放浓度增高;并建议在国家层面上尽快制订燃煤锅炉NOx排放标准限值。 相似文献
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本文详细地介绍了日本大气污染现状及其趋势,对主要污染物的污染状况进行了分析。概述了日本几十年来大气污染防治技术研究的进展。对改善燃烧、电子束法、NO_x处理触媒研究、NO_x吸附剂的研究、活性炭法干式脱硫、利用煤炭的干式脱硫、半干式简易脱硫、静电的应用、微生物的应用、电除尘、过滤除尘等大气污染防治技术的研究,做了详细介绍。对目前人们普遍关心的含氟气体排放控制问题进行了探讨。还简要介绍了日本大阪府等地,准备偿试的汽车排气总量控制的研究状况。 相似文献
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The objectives of this paper are to (1) identify the problems with many of the units that are used to report and regulate NOx, (2) show how to properly correct NOx measurements for oxygen-enhanced combustion, and (3) recommend a preferred type of NOx unit. The current variety of NOx units make comparisons difficult and can cause considerable confusion. NOx may be measured on a wet or dry basis, but it is commonly reported on a dry basis. The reported NOx may differ from the actual measurements, which may be converted to a specific O2 basis level. Nearly all of the measured NOx from industrial combustion systems is in the form of NO, which is converted to NO2 in the atmosphere. However, when given on a mass basis, the measured NO is commonly reported as NO2 for regulatory purposes, but may be reported as NO, NO2, or simply NOx in technical papers. Some existing regulations may penalize combustion technologies with higher efficiencies and lower flue gas volumes, such as oxygen-enhanced combustion. Confusion may occur when applying some of the "conventional" NOx units to oxygen-enhanced processes. A better unit is the mass of NOx generated per unit of production, which also incorporates the overall process efficiency into the emissions. That unit does not penalize more efficient processes that may generate more NOx on a volume basis, but less NOx on a production basis. 相似文献
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干法烟气同时脱除技术优于联合脱除技术和湿法烟气脱除技术。将国内外现有的干法烟气同时脱除技术按分离剂分为3类,即多种污染物的吸附剂脱除技术、催化剂脱除技术和光催化剂脱除技术。其中,吸附剂脱除技术主要采用炭基材料;该技术可脱除多种污染物,但脱除效率一般,吸附剂消耗量大,且吸附剂的再生困难。催化剂脱除技术主要集中于以CO、NH3、CH4等催化还原同时脱硫脱硝和SCR同时脱硝除汞;该技术脱除效率高,但存在催化剂中毒问题。光催化剂脱除技术主要采用TiO2光催化剂,该技术操作温度低,但对浓度高的废气处理效率较低,以及光催化剂对一般光源利用率低等,使其在工业应用中受到很大制约。最后,对干法烟气同时脱除技术进行了展望。 相似文献
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针对平板玻璃行业烟气排放治理问题,采用定电位电解法、离子色谱法等对不同燃料的玻璃熔窑烟气污染物浓度进行测定,并使用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和激光粒度分析仪(LPSA)对颗粒物特性进行表征,结合工程应用对污染物的治理技术进行研究。结果表明,平板玻璃行业烟气NOx浓度普遍高于2 000 mg·m−3,燃用重油及石油焦粉的烟气中SO2的浓度明显高于天然气和煤制气,烟气颗粒物中普遍含有易导致脱硝催化剂中毒的Na、K等碱金属元素,且粒径主要集中在1~3 μm及20~60 μm。进一步分析表明,燃料是导致平板玻璃行业烟气污染物浓度差异的重要因素,治理工艺应根据燃料种类进行选择。结合工程实例,对燃用重油的玻璃熔窑烟气提出符合现行排放标准要求的治理工艺,为平板玻璃行业烟气深度减排提供技术参考。 相似文献
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Wet deposition and dry deposition samples were collected in an urban/industrialized area of Izmit Bay, North-eastern Marmara Sea, Turkey, from September 2002 to July 2003. The samples were analyzed for sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds by using HPLC-UV technique. Wet and dry deposition concentrations and fluxes of PAHs were determined. The results showed that PAH concentrations were high because of industrial processes, heavy traffic and residential areas next to the sampling site. Total dry deposition flux of the fifteen 3-6 ring PAHs was 8.30 microg m(-2)day(-1), with a range of 0.034-1.77 microg m(-2)day(-1). The total wet deposition flux of the fifteen 3-6 ring PAHs was 1716 microg m(-2) 11 month(-1), with a range of 10-440 microg m(-2) 11 month(-1). Significant seasonal differences were observed in both types of deposition samples. The winter fluxes of total PAHs were 1.5 and 2.5 times greater than those of the warm period for wet and dry deposition samples, respectively. Factor analysis of dry deposition samples and back trajectory analysis of wet deposition samples were also used to characterize and identify the PAH emission sources in this study. 相似文献
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提出了一种利用餐厨废油为热交换介质,在常压下对城市污水厂污泥进行油炸干化制成固体燃料,以实现城镇两大废弃物一污泥和餐厨废油综合处置的方法。以大豆油模拟餐厨废油,研究了污泥油炸干燥特性及过程影响参数。实验结果表明,污泥经油炸干化后,干基含水率从初始的4.56kg/kg降低至0.05kg/kg,干基含油率升为0.37~0.47kg/kg,干污泥热值达到21.551~24.082MJ/kg,是一种高热值固体燃料。油温对污泥油炸干化过程影响显著,当油温从120℃升至180℃时,污泥干燥时间从28min缩短至4min。实验条件下,1t餐厨废油可处理约8.3t湿污泥。 相似文献
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Formation, release and control of dioxins in cement kilns 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Karstensen KH 《Chemosphere》2008,70(4):543-560
Co-processing of hazardous wastes in cement kilns have for decades been thought to cause increased emissions of PCDD/PCDFs--a perception that has been evaluated in this study. Hundreds of PCDD/PCDF measurements conducted by the cement industry and others in the last few years, on emissions and solid materials, as well as recent test burns with hazardous wastes in developing countries do not support this perception. Newer data has been compared with older literature data and shows in particular that many emission factors have to be reconsidered. Early emission factors for cement kilns co-processing hazardous waste, which are still used in inventories, are shown to be too high compared with actual measurements. Less than 10 years ago it was believed that the cement industry was the main contributor of PCDD/PCDFs to air; data collected in this study indicates however that the industry contributes with less than 1% of total emissions to air. The Stockholm Convention on POPs presently ratified by 144 parties, classifies cement kilns co-processing hazardous waste as a source category having the potential for comparatively high formation and release of PCDD/PCDFs. This classification is based on early investigations from the 1980s and 1990s where kilns co-processing hazardous waste had higher emissions compared to those that did not burn hazardous waste. However, the testing of these kilns was often done under worst case scenario conditions known to favour PCDD/PCDF formation. More than 2000 PCDD/PCDF cement kiln measurements have been evaluated in this study, representing most production technologies and waste feeding scenarios. They generally indicate that most modern cement kilns co-processing waste today can meet an emission level of 0.1ngI-TEQ/m(3), when well managed and operated. In these cases, proper and responsible use of waste including organic hazardous waste to replace parts of the fossil fuel does not seem to increase formation of PCDD/PCDFs. Modern preheater/precalciner kilns generally seems to have lower emissions than older wet-process cement kilns. It seems that the main factors stimulating formation of PCDD/PCDFs is the availability of organics in the raw material and the temperature of the air pollution control device. Feeding of materials containing elevated concentrations of organics as part of raw-material-mix should therefore be avoided and the exhaust gases should be cooled down quickly in long wet and long dry cement kilns without preheating. PCDD/PCDFs could be detected in all types of solid samples analysed: raw meal, pellets and slurry; alternative raw materials as sand, chalk and different ashes; cement kiln dust, clinker and cement. The concentrations are however generally low, similar to soil and sediment. 相似文献