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蚕豆根尖微核技术监测农药污染的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
实验应用蚕豆根尖微核技术对农药2,4-D和甲胺磷进行诱变性研究,结果表明:农药2,4-D和甲胺磷达到一定浓度时即成为诱变污染物,能明显诱发蚕豆根尖微核率的增高,在一定范围内显示出较好的剂量效应关系,说明蚕豆根尖微核技术是监测环境污染的一种有效方法。 相似文献
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企业外来工的安全管理苏州化工农药集团公司马上林,张慧聪苏州化工农药集团公司拥有固定资产原值1.2亿元,职工近4千人。所生产的产品有六个系列40多个品种。1993年实现产值近4.7亿元,利税4000万元;1994年l~5月完成产值近2.3亿元,利税20... 相似文献
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《安全.健康和环境》1999,(10)
最近发生在美国的爆炸和火灾造成大约30人死亡 发生在1998年10月到1999年2月间的造成近30人死亡的5起事故是成立18个月的联邦机构美国化学安全和危险调查委员会正在调查的案例,调查是为找到事故原因和防止类似事故的发生。这5起死亡事故的回顾:阿伦敦1999年2月19日,当爆炸毁坏了阿伦敦附近的ConceptScience公司时,造成5人死亡,14人受伤。死亡人员中有4人正在有20名员工的工厂工作,第五人在与该化工厂共用场所的另1家企业工作,受伤者包括Con-ceptScience公司的工人… 相似文献
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固定化微生物对水胺胺磷降解机理的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用气相色谱-质谱联机和有关分析方法,给出了精品水胺硫磷的质谱图;证实固定化微生物可使有机磷农药水胺硫磷的环链断裂,其最终产物为CO2、H2O、NH3、H2S、H3PO4等简单无机化合物;初步推断水杨酸异丙酯等有机化合物是降解过程的中间产物。 相似文献
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农药对藻类的生态毒理学研究Ⅰ:毒性效应 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
随着现代农业的发展,世界范围内使用的农药品种越来越多,用量不断增加。农药对非靶生物的影响以及农药残留导致环境污染,造成生态系统结构和功能的破坏。早已受到了国内外的广泛关注。有关农药对生态系统中消费者类群毒性效应的较多。近年来,农药对于生态系统初级生产者-藻类的毒性及其生态毒理学的研究倍受重视。 相似文献
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简易,快速检测有机磷农药的酶片的生色基质片 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
研制出简易、快速检测有机磷农药的酶片和生色基质片。用胆碱酯酶抑制试验检测水中的有机磷农药、检测灵敏度在0.01 ̄10mg/L范围,适宜温度在25-35℃之间,分析周期约为15-20min。甲胺磷和水胺硫磷等硫代磷酸酯类农药经溴水活化后检测灵敏度也达上述水平。实际水样检测表明,检样中农药含量在检测灵敏度范围内时,阳性结果相当明显,溶液吸光度比值A对照/A检样〉2。由于检测时无需配制试剂和使用仪器,本 相似文献
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阿特拉津和溴氰菊酯降解规律及其分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了阿特拉津(atrazine)和溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin0两类农药在环境介质中的降解行为,详细比较了两者降解性能之间存在的差异,并明确指出它们的降解产物都具有一定的毒性和更强的极性,通过对阿特拉津及其降解产物的研究实例,说明了在研究环境介质中残余微量农药的检测方法时,建立以农药家族及其降解产物为整体的系统分析方法是必要的。 相似文献
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主要研究了中国东北兴凯湖周围水稻种植区域农药残留以及对湖水水质的影响.分别于水稻抽穗期和水稻成熟期在兴凯湖地区对稻田、排干和大小兴凯湖地表水进行采集并对27种农药及其降解产物进行分析.结果表明,在水稻抽穗期所分析的27种农药及其降解产物全部检出,总浓度范围为247.97~6 094.49 ng·L-1;水稻成熟期检出25种,总浓度范围为485.36~796.23 ng·L-1,两时期对比,抽穗期的农药及其降解产物检出数量更多且总浓度更高;在水稻抽穗期阿特拉津、西草净和多效唑为主要检出农药,在水稻成熟期阿特拉津和稻瘟灵为主要检出农药;大小兴凯湖水中农药的分布特征与排干水相似,表明大小兴凯湖水中农药及其降解产物很可能来源于稻田排干的输入;在排干和大小兴凯湖水中,阿特拉津、西草净、扑草净、丁草胺、稻瘟灵和草酮RQ均值大于0.1,对水生生物存在潜在生态风险. 相似文献
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文章以汞灯为光源,在对映体水平上考察了六种典型手性农药的光化学降解。丙溴磷、马拉硫磷、稻丰散、三唑酮和甲氰菊酯等五种农药含有1个手性中心,存在两个对映体,对各对映体分别进行光解,结果表明光解速率基本一致,且几种手性农药是手性稳定的,未发现对映体转化现象,几种农药中有机磷农药降解较快,而甲氰菊酯降解最慢,半衰期长达280h。氯氰菊酯含有3个手性中心,存在4个可在非手性硅胶柱上得到拆分的异构体,每个异构体又存在两个对映体,因此共8个对映体。进一步对氯氰菊酯的一个反式异构体所含的一个单一对映体进行光解,结果发现存在一定的异构体转化,氯氰菊酯的另外3个异构体均有生成,按氯氰菊酯各异构体总量计算的光解半衰期为66.7h。 相似文献
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Organic pesticides have been used for more than 50 years, and have made a major contribution to the profound alteration of agricultural practice which has occurred during this period. Among the many effects arising from these developments in agriculture, various environmental changes have been identified, which have been the subject of considerable public debate and disagreement. Attention has focussed particularly on the popularly assumed adverse influence of pesticides on the natural flora and fauna. This review examines the position in the United Kingdom where interest in wildlife has always been extensive and where many amateur observations and professional scientific studies have been brought to bear on the problem. It differentiates between ‘direct’ effects which may be attributed to particular uses of certain compounds and ‘indirect’ effects normally arising from changes in habitat or food supply brought about by pesticides. The approach adopted has been to assess the effects of pesticide use on populations rather than attempting to place a financial estimate on any adverse environmental effect attributed to pesticides. Systems of surveillance are described and their ability to detect adverse effects is assessed. The difficulty of correlating such effects with pesticide use is examined. In general, it is concluded that other than for insects the levels of surveillance have been adequate to detect adverse effects on fauna and flora arising from pesticide use. Where direct effects have been discerned in the past, action has, where possible, been taken to rectify the position and it is suggested that this will continue. Overall there is little evidence that the survival of individual species is threatened by the direct effects of pesticides. Indirect effects are neither simple to delineate nor readily corrected and it is recommended that more research be carried out to develop the ability to assess their influence. 相似文献
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用于有机磷农药固相萃取的吸附材料的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
有机磷农药由于在环境中相对于有机氯农药容易降解,而成为全球范围内使用最广泛的杀虫剂。尽管有机磷农药已经被证实了低环境持久性,但由于具有生物毒性、高毒性、再生毒性、免疫毒性和基因毒性,造成的残留仍能对人类健康产生危害。样品前处理是有机磷农药残留分析过程的重要步骤,该过程耗费时间,其好坏直接影响整个分析结果的准确性。固相萃取相对液-液萃取由于具有诸如快速、简单和绿色环保的特点及较强的选择吸附性,是目前应用最广泛的农药残留分析样品前处理技术。吸附材料是决定固相萃取过程效能的关键因素。文章介绍了常见的硅吸附材料、碳吸附材料、分子印迹吸附材料及磁性吸附材料在有机磷农药固相萃取领域的研究应用现状,同时对未来研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Umber Saleem Sohail Ejaz Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Ovais Omer Imran Iltaf Zainab Batool Riffat Fatim Msbah Afzal 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(7):1471-1480
Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan(EN) and Lambda-cyhalothrin(LC); individually and in combination. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide(MTT) assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains(TA98, TA100) were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant(p 〈 0.05) increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity. 相似文献
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为阐明我国东南地区典型饮用水源地农药类微污染物的污染特征及生态风险,检测评估了某省7个水库的苯并咪唑类、酰胺类、三唑类和有机磷类等19类共55种常用农药的检出频率、检出浓度以及每种农药对于绿藻、水蚤和鱼类这3种不同营养级生物的风险商.在分析的55种农药中,多菌灵和乙草胺的检出频率为100%,12种农药的检出频率在80%以上.多菌灵的检出浓度最高(77.7 ng·L-1),其次是乙草胺(51.6 ng·L-1).风险评估结果显示,大部分农药在目标区域都处于低风险状态.对于3种生物来说,乙草胺是绿藻的风险主导型农药,而多菌灵是鱼类和水蚤的风险主导型农药. 相似文献
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传统有机磷、有机氯农药具有高毒性、持久性和环境激素效应,处于痕量和超痕量浓度水平都可能给人类生命健康和生态环境带来严重威胁和风险。由于农药及其副产物的历史残留、累积及跨界迁移和分布,农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发场地环评具有很大困难。结合南方某市一大型农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发项目的案例,探讨了该类场地评价中基础资料的搜集方法和环评中应遵循的理念和原则。 相似文献
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腐殖酸极性与有机农药吸附行为的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用不同的方法对腐殖酸(HA)进行了结构改性处理,并用元素分析仪、红外光谱仪和电位滴定仪对改性前后的HA进行了表征;通过振荡平衡法,研究了HA改性前后对有机农药甲基对硫磷、西维因、克百威的吸附行为.结果表明,水解处理使得HA的碳水化合物结构减少,肟化处理使得HA的C=N结构增加,氧化处理使HA的芳香环发生开环反应、-COOH基团增加,肟化和氧化处理均使得HA极性增强;有机农药甲基对硫磷、西维因、克百威通过分配作用吸附于HA,分配系数Kd与HA有的机碳含量成正比,HA的极性越强,吸附量越小. 相似文献