基于集对原理的天然草地分类方法

本文首次将集对原理用于天然草地分类中,以中国新疆某地区的31个天然草地为例进行计算,并将分析结果,与灰色关联度分析法、投影寻踪法以及投影寻踪动态聚类法作了对比分析。结果表明,集对法与三种方法分析结果一致,但集对法计算简单,使用方便,不受样本容量限制,且能清晰和形象地显示所属类别的程度,在多因素聚类分析中具有广阔的应用前景。     

水环境质量评价的投影寻踪模型及其应用

将投影寻踪分类模型应用于水环境质量综合评价中,利用基于实码的加速遗传算法来优化投影方向,将多维数据指标转换成低维子空间,通过寻求最优投影方向来计算投影函数值,从而根据投影值的大小进行水环境质量评价。结合实例进行了应用,结果较令人满意,为水环境质量评价提供了一条新的方法和途径。     

煤炭产业国际竞争力的遗传—投影寻踪评价

根据煤炭产业发展的实际状况,提出了煤炭产业竞争力评价的指标体系。采用探索性数据分析—投影寻踪法,结合遗传算法,建立了遗传—投影寻踪综合评价模型。以全球11个主要产煤国为对象进行了实证研究,验证了该方法的科学性和实践的可行性,提出提升我国煤炭产业竞争力的对策建议。     

基于灰色关联投影的四川省生态环境质量定量研究

生态环境系统是一个包括自然、经济和社会等多个方面,具有信息不确知性和不完全性因素的灰色系统。以四川省为研究区,在构建生态环境评价指标体系的基础上,基于灰色系统理论和矢量投影原理,建立了生态环境质量评价的灰色关联投影模型,并运用所建模型对四川开展生态省建设前后3年的生态环境质量进行评价。结果表明,四川省自开展生态省建设以来,生态环境质量逐步提高,但仍然有进一步提高的空间。     

低碳经济视角下的城市圈土地节约集约利用评价研究——基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型

从低碳经济视角出发,运用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型对武汉城市圈低碳土地节约基于利用水平进行了评价研究.结果显示,各市低碳土地节约集约利用水平差异较大,发展极不协调,难以有效地实现城市圈协同发展.武汉城市圈应以整体效益最大化为目标,注重保护环境与经济增长相结合,大力发展低碳经济,以协同发展促进低碳土地利用.     

基于土地适宜性评价的区域碳排放权分配研究

资源环境与经济发展的矛盾日益突出,严格控制碳排放是增强可持续性发展的根本途径.研究参考已有文献,将碳平衡引入土地适宜性评价研究,分别从经济、生态、社会角度建立了基于碳平衡的城市圈土地适宜性评价指标体系,具体包括碳源适宜性评价和碳汇适宜性评价.运用基于蚁群算法的投影寻踪模型得到两类适宜性综合评价值.碳平衡适宜性评价结果显示,各城市适宜性差异显著,存在较大的区域内协调潜力.运用多目标规划模型在适宜性评价的基础上对城市圈的碳排放权进行优化配置.碳排放权配置研究可促进低碳经济发展,是生态文明建设的目标之一,对城市圈可持续发展具有重要的指导意义.     

聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂研究进展

聚硅酸铝铁（PSAF）作为一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂,其除浊、脱色及去除有机物的性能优越,文献报道的最高去除率可分别达97％、98％、87％。使用不同方法制取的PSAF性能及稳定性有较大区别;同时,PSAF的效果还受水体参数的影响。本文介绍了PSAF的作用原理、制作方法、使用效果及其影响因素,最后简要概括了当前研究存在的问题。     

利用聚类分析方法对金沙江等四水系鱼类分布的初步探讨

近年来,国外应用聚类分析方法研究鱼类分布区划使其从定性水平发展为定量水平。苏联科学院(1981)出版的《现代鱼类学问题》一书对此法作了肯定和介绍。我国鱼类学者潘炯华教授、刘成汉副教授等[1]应用聚类分析法分别对我国淡水鱼类分布区划和     

土壤重金属污染评价Fisher模型的建立与应用

针对南充市区土壤重金属污染片区的分类结果,为了判断其有效性,应用多类Fisher判别法,建立了南充市区土壤重金属污染评价的Fisher模型。通过检验,模型具有显著的判别效果,因而该模型可被用于判断环境评价分类结果的有效性。     

液压振动台功率谱复现控制研究

PID控制因为结构简单、稳定性好、可靠性高等优点被广泛应用。针对实际控制系统往往存在非线性因素,常规PID不能满足实际需求,设计了基H1法频响函数估计的变参数PID控制算法。通过对两点激励液压振动试验系统进行随机振动试验,表明H1法变参数PID控制算法对振动台具有良好的控制效果,可以实现高精度的功率谱复现。     

遗传投影寻踪回归在城市环境质量评价中的应用

引入投影降维的思想,将遗传投影寻踪与回归分析技术运用到城市环境质量评价中。将此技术与神经网络方法进行实例比较,投影寻踪回归方法不但可以合理地作出环境质量的综合评价,而且消除了神经网络方法中类别判断不够精确的影响。     

碳中和评估与预测预估方法研究进展

人类活动排放的大量温室气体已经造成多种不利影响,为缓解这些不利影响,已有多个国家提出了碳中和目标。碳中和评估与预测预估是实现碳中和目标的科学基础,准确估算碳排放量和碳去除量是进行碳中和评估的关键,可以帮助决策者制定减排和增汇政策。本文梳理了碳排放量和碳去除量的估算方法以及预测预估方法的原理和特点,以期为准确评估碳中和现状以及预测预估未来情景下实现碳中和目标的可能性和路径提供方法论参考。碳排放量的估算方法可以分为用于支撑碳交易市场的碳排放核算方法、面向消费侧碳排放的估算方法和基于因素分解法的碳排放计量方法三大类;前两类方法主要用于历史碳排放量的盘点,第三类方法可用于碳排放量的预估。陆地生态系统碳去除量估算方法可以分为统计模型法、机理模型法和遥感模型法三大类;第一类方法应用最早但估算结果较粗糙,第二类方法模型应用最多但估算结果存在较大的不确定性,第三类方法观测范围大但缺乏预测预估能力。近年来,模型分析法在碳中和评估和预测预估上得到越来越广泛的应用。     

大气环境质量分析与评价研究的新进展

简要地介绍了人工神经网络（ANN）、物元可拓集（MEES）、集对分析（SPA）、遗传算法（GA）和投影寻踪技术（PP）等的基本思想和特点，评述了近年来国内外将这些新理论和新技术应用于大气环境质量分析与评价取得的最新成果，指出了大气环境质量分析与评价研究的可能发展前景。     

Gravity model formulation for an extensive National Parkway Site

The purpose of this study was to collect specific information on the characteristics and intensity of local Blue Ridge Parkway use and to use that information to develop a recreation use model of local Parkway visitation. Data were obtained from a self-administered mail-back questionnaire sent to a random sample of people living in the 29 counties adjacent to the Parkway.We developed two recreation use projection/demand models that employ three variables (distance, alternative recreation sites, and population density) to predict visitation to different Parkway areas from various local origins. The derived model estimates indicated that about one-fourth of all Parkway visits in 1978 were one-day visits made by area residents.     

Chemometrical exploration of the wet precipitation chemistry from the Austrian Monitoring Network (1988-1999)

The present paper deals with the application of different chemometric methods to an environmental data set derived from the monitoring of wet precipitation in Austria (1988-1999). These methods are: principal component analysis (PCA); projection pursuit (PP); density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN); ordering points to identify the clustering structures (OPTICS); self-organizing maps (SOM), also called the Kohonen network; and the neural gas (NG) network. The aim of the study is to introduce some new approaches into environmetrics and to compare their usefulness with already existing techniques for the classification and interpretation of environmental data. The density-based approaches give information about the occurrence of natural clusters in the studied data set, which, however, do not occur in the case presented here; information about high-density zones (very similar samples) and extreme samples is also obtained. The partitioning techniques (clustering, but also neural gas and Kohonen networks) offer an opportunity to classify the objects of interest into several defined groups, the patterns of ionic concentration of which can be studied in detail. The visual aids, such as the color map and the Kohonen map, for each site are very helpful in understanding the relationships between samples and between samples and variables. All methods, and in particular projection pursuit, give information about samples with extreme characteristics.     

Scope effects of respondent uncertainty in contingent valuation: evidence from motorized emission reductions in the city of Nairobi,Kenya

This study analyzed the scope effects of respondent uncertainty in contingent valuation (CV) by evaluating whether willingness to pay (WTP) estimates were sensitive to changes in the magnitudes of motorized emission reductions in the city of Nairobi, Kenya. The WTP estimates were elicited through the conventional payment card (PC), stochastic payment card (SPC) and the polychotomous payment card (PPC) formats. While SPC and PPC formats were used to capture respondent uncertainty, the PC format captured respondent certainty regarding the amounts individuals were WTP for emission reductions. Based on parametric and nonparametric analysis, results show that certain (PC) respondents stated significantly larger WTP amounts for larger emission reductions than for smaller reductions. Conversely, uncertain (SPC and PPC) respondents stated smaller amounts for larger emission reductions than certain (PC) respondents. The implication is that though respondents were sensitive to the scope of motorized emission reductions, respondent uncertainty lowered their sensitivity to scope.