论生物多样性的保护问题

当前，任何地区的生物多样性都是自然和因素长期综合作用所造成。生物多亲性最丰富的地区不一定人武部由顶极植被所覆盖，而常常是一些包括所有演替类型的地方。本文通过讨论自然环境的变化和人类生产活动对不同区域景观的影响，探讨了有关生物多样性的保护问题。     

论生物多样性的保护问题

当前，任何地区的生物多样性都是自然和社会因素长期综合作用所造成。生物多样性最丰富的地区不一定全部由顶极植被所覆盖，而常常是一些包括所有演替类型的地方。本文通过讨论自然环境的变化和人类生产活动对不同区域景观的影响，探讨有关生物多样性的保护问题。     

关于制定我国区域生物多样性中心评价标准的思考

本文针对目前环境保护的热点之一——全球和地区性生物多样性保护,对其中的一个基础理论问题,即区域生物多样性评价标准进行了探索;从理论上对制定这一标准的必要性、可行性、生物多样性的基本内涵、区域生物多样性中心标准的意义及标准制定的原则和依据进行了阐述,并在此基础上提出了我国区域生物多样性中心标准的基本框架。     

生物多样性研究进展

生物多样性是自然资源中的一个重要组成部分。在最近的40年内,生物多样性的研究发展很迅速,有关多样性的测定方法已形成了数十个数学模型和多样性指数。生物多样性的功能也研究得比较多,生物多样性的保护技术也已逐渐系统化,并开始了持续利用和合理开发的研究。     

关于景观的保护问题

景观作为自然与人类相互作用的一个基本单位，目前正在发生剧烈的变化。许多传统的文化建筑和土地利用方式和格局正在走向衰亡，景观的多样性和丰富性受到前所未有的威胁，常常被千篇一律的大片单调的景色所代替。本文主要讨论下列三个问题：景观的基本含义及其保护，景观保护的主要任务；景观保护区是区域发展的基础。     

秦岭保护区群生物多样性及其保护与发展研究

根据秦岭保护区群的生物多样性和保护管理现状,提出了加强保护区群生物多样性保护和促进保护区发展的对策,其主要措施为：一、合理划分和调整功能区;二、强化内部管理,加强对自然资源的巡护、监测;三、协调周边社区关系,积极开展社区共管工作;四、加强对外合作,积极开展科学研究;五、开展环境教育,提高全民保护意识;六、开展资源适度开发利用,增强自养能力。     

The activity of Polish non-governmental organisations regarding the implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development

The growing interest of citizens in environmental issues is reflected in the mission statements and actions of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), defined as bodies that are voluntary, non-profit and independent of public authority. The article analyses the activities of Polish NGOs with regard to the environmental dimension of sustainable development. The overarching research question posed in this article refers to the extent to which entities of the third sector adopt, implement and appropriately report the implementation of the principles of sustainable development. The empirical basis for the analysis has been found in the statements made by public benefit organisations, as well as in data concerning the activities of NGOs from publications covering the concept of sustainable development.     

A review of ecological mitigation measures in UK environmental statements with respect to sustainable development

SUMMARY

The European and UK legislation on environmental assessment (EA), as well as requiring assessment of significant ecological effects, also requires development proponents to recommend mitigation measures for adverse impacts.

Drawing on a review of proposed ecological mitigation measures in 194 environmental statements (ES) for UK development proposals, this paper highlights problems with the current legislation in ensuring that ecological impacts are mitigated effectively, with a view to sustainable development.

The review reveals confusion about the extent to which ecological mitigation is required. First, there is no objective basis for deciding which potentially adverse impacts should be mitigated. Proposed mitigation measures do not always relate directly to the ecological impacts identified in ES and there is a high risk of residual adverse effects. Second, there is no generally accepted method for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed mitigation measures, despite a clear recommendation from the UK's Department of the Environment (DOE, 1989) that an ‘assessment of the likely effectiveness’ of mitigation measures should be included in ES. Methods which can be used to evaluate the likely feasibility, costs and redistributional effects of ecological mitigation measures in EA are needed. Some of the factors which should be taken into account are considered in this paper.     

剧烈人类活动区经济发展与环境污染水平关系--以广东省东莞市为例

近年来,经济发展与环境污染之间的关系成了社会经济发展的热点问题。本研究选取东莞市1990-2010年经济与环境数据,探究环境库兹涅茨曲线演替轨迹,得出研究时段内东莞市环境库兹涅茨曲线大体呈“倒U型”特征,其中“倒U型”峰值大约出现在2007年人均GDP为4.51万元时;工业废水、工业废气以及工业废渣排放量3项指标的环境库兹涅茨曲线,分别呈现弱的“倒U型”、“倒U型上升阶段”、“倒U型＋倒U型上升阶段”特征。结果表明,东莞市环境库兹涅茨曲线特征与污染物排放量、产业结构、环保政策及投资等有较为密切的关系。结论建议：东莞市可以通过调整产业结构、加大环境保护投资力度等措施促进经济转型,加速“倒U型”曲线后半段的形成。     

经济发展与污染排放的空间错位分析

经济增长必然带来污染物的排放,但从空间上看,由于各地区在技术水平、产业结构、污染治理等方面的差异,经济总量与污染物排放量并非完全地呈正比例关系,两者存在不完全协同、匹配的现象（即空间错位）。为定量分析省域尺度上经济总量与污染排放的空间错位现象,分别以GDP和SO2排放量代表经济发展和污染物排放量,借鉴城市地理学中错位概念构建了空间错位指数模型,并分析不同要素对空间错位的影响。结果表明：2000-2010年,（1）中国 SO2排放量总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,由2000年的1965.8×104 t增长至2006年的2588.7×104 t,至2010年降至2182.9×104 t;（2）中国经济增长与SO2排放量之间存在一定程度的空间错位现象,空间错位指数在0.25左右;（3）分阶段看,2000-2007年的错位现象有所扩大,而2007-2010年的错位现象缩小;（4）广东、贵州、山西、江苏、浙江、内蒙古等少数省份经济增长与污染排放的不匹配是造成空间错位的主要原因;（5）SO2排放量的变化缩小了空间错位现象,而2000-2006年经济的不均衡增长加剧了空间错位现象,2006-2010年经济增长则缩小了空间错位现象。研究结果对于调整区域经济结构、降低污染物排放具有一定的借鉴意义。     

荔枝、龙眼和香蕉质量与生产环境的关系

对广州市的荔枝、龙眼和香蕉三大类水果产品质量和生产环境进行了质量监测和评价。结果表明,这三类水果的生产环境均遭受一定程度的污染;水果质量广泛受到氟污染,部分受到Pb、Cd污染;荔枝对镉的吸收富集作用较强。     

Residents' perception of tourist development and the environment: a study from Morocco

A perception study of the impacts that a new beach resort has, and will have, on the resident population in the northeast of Morocco was implemented during the construction phase of the resort. The residents have felt the impacts on local development, incomes, quality of life and the environment, and expressed their perception of how the opening of the new site will continue to impact their community. The study shows differences concerning the type of impact according to each professional sector. Despite the different perceptions, residents seem united in their overall concerns and fears about the how the new beach resort will impact the environment.     

中国和马达加斯加在环境保护法领域的比较研究

有效的保护环境，法律是必不可少的工具。本文章的主要目的是调查两个经济发展不同的国家在环境保护法的主要差异方面，包括：环境法的范围；环境立法的发展；主要宗旨和法制系统的基础．     

水中天然含氮有机物的形成、迁移转化及分布

天然含氮有机物是水环境中的重要组成部分,其在天然水体中的形态及分布对环境质量有显著影响.本文围绕水中天然含氮有机物在氮循环中的地位、迁移转化以及其在国内主要水域中的分布情况,对天然含氮有机物的研究现状进行了梳理.我国不同水域中溶解性含氮有机物(DON)浓度相差较大;其中水体中DON浓度一般在1.0 mg?L-1以下;沉...     

Mountain environment and population in Georgia: case study of Upper Svaneti

The purpose of the presented research is to identify local community opinions toward ecological problems in one of the mountainous region of Georgia (Upper Svaneti), to analyze how population ‘perceive, experience, and interpret’ the social, and ecological issues.

The paper is based on the results of Upper Svanet ipopulation’s survey which was carried out by the authors of presented paper during the August of 2015 and 2016.The questionnaire was elaborated taking into account the peculiarities of the region. Stratified-cluster selection method was used for selection of respondents and database compilation. For statistical analysis of polling data the SPSS package was used.

Based on the statistical analysis of survey results, the following issues have been studied: the most important ecological problems, environmental problems with respect to socio-economic ones, information sources on ecological problems, people’s trust in environmental issues, awareness level of the population on environmental policy, their personal contribution in environmental protection, ways to solve ecological problems, implemented environmental measures.

The obtained results are important to foster mountain population’s active participation in processes that contribute to decision-making processes, planning and implementing programs for sustainable development.