移民环境容量分析方法初探

提出预测区域环境容量的灰色线性规划模型,并用于岷江紫坪铺水库工程移民实际,对库区环境容量进行分析和评价,取得较好效果。     

基于数值模拟的海湾环境容量价值损失的预测评估 ——以厦门同安湾围填海为例

基于海湾环境容量价值影响因素的分析,采用环境经济学的影子工程法,结合水动力数值模型及其与污染物扩散的耦合模型,建立了围填海导致的海湾环境容量价值损失的预测评估模型和方法,并以厦门同安湾为例,对同安湾4个围填海规划方案可能造成的环境容量价值的损失进行了预测评估.结果表明,方案1~方案4围填海面积依次为1.98,7.73,9.38,19.24km2,围填海造成的环境容量的损失依次为12281.3,48418.6,60706.6,132800.1万元/a,单位面积的损失依次为62.03,62.64,64.72,69.02元/(m2×a).围填海活动带来的环境成本不容忽视.基于评估结果,针对厦门围填海的现状提出了相关的政策建议.     

水污染灰色预测控制的探讨

一、引言目前所开展的总量控制中都是根据水体环境容量而进行的。当水体环境容量未确定时,排污总量控制就无法实现,这在应用中存在着一定的局限性。本文提出的水污染灰色预测控制是用GM(1,1)水质预测模型构成的预测控制,这是一个水污染控制动态过程,是水污染控制的一种实用方法,可以弥补上述不     

模型模拟在城市SO2环境容量测算中的应用研究

以许昌市污染源普查数据为基础,通过现状排放、环境质量控制目标与预测环境质量、污染物削减和浓度贡献分析,核定得到了准确可靠的许昌市二氧化硫环境容量;研究建立的从宏观理想容量到实际容量的多源模型体系,能较好地应用于二氧化硫环境容量研究;A—P值法、AERMOD模型均能较好地模拟污染源与环境空气质量的响应关系,且二者具有较好的一致性,可作为可靠的多源模型广泛应用于中小城市的二氧化硫环境容量核定研究及环境规划管理。     

浅论土壤环境容量

介绍了土壤环境容量的含义以及静容量等相关知识,土壤环境容量的理论依据,土壤环境容量的确定,土壤环境容量模型的建立,土壤环境容量的应用.最后讨论了土壤环境容量未来的发展.     

基于GIS的海域水污染控制规划框架探讨——以胶州湾东北部为例

以污染物排放总量控制为指导思想,利用ARCGIS 8.1空间分析功能,提出了实施以陆源污染防治为重点的近岸海域水污染控制规划.针对胶州湾东北部污染较为严重的现状,通过污染源现状调查,确定了该海域的污染状况.在划分排污单元的基础上,预测了2015年的污染源排放总量和主要污染物的环境容量.根据环境容量计算结果,从合理利用海...     

湘江霞湾段汞环境容量模型研究

根据湘江霞湾段水力学特征及向家塘断面水质要求 ,在综合分析多年水文参数和相应环境监测数据的基础上 ,建立了一套适合该江段的汞环境容量模型。经检验 ,模型预测值与实测值吻合良好 ,该模型可用于预测预报该江段在不同水文条件下汞的环境容量及水体中汞的浓度分布变化规律 ,以利调控汞污染源的排放强度和总量     

湖州土壤重金属污染趋势预测及环境容量评价

测定了湖州市表层土壤的重金属含量,对各元素的累积趋势进行了预测,利用克里格插值法揭示了该地区土重金属环境容量的空间分布特征。结果表明各元素的累积增长率大小顺序为：Cd〉Pb〉zn〉Cu〉Ni〉Cr〉Hg〉As。不同元素的环境容量差别巨大,且消耗容量的速度也有很大差异,消耗最快的元素是Pb,最慢的元素是Hg。90％以上面...     

移民环境容量有关问题的探讨

叙述了移民环境容量研究的意义，探讨了移民环境容量研究工作中存在的问题，并定义了移民环境容量，最后，提出移民环境容量的研究方法和工作程序。     

环境管理和环境全面质量评价

<正> 环境管理要求回答环境质量究竟如何;要求预测某项经济发展对环境带来什么影响;怎样经济而有效的防治污染。这些问题和环境标准的制定,环境规划和区域环境改造方案的制订密切相关。讨论这些问题必然联系到环境,环境容量和环境质量三个基本概念。许多文章中,把环境和其它自然科学的研究对象等同视之,对环境容量的认识差异很大,有的把环境容量和容器的量相联系,有的则以扩散的量来代替环境容量,而环境质量仅仅由环境中污染物的含量来衡量,以致于认为有着纯洁的水和空气的荒漠地带比大工业城市的环境质量为好的结论。但是,这种认识     

钢铁厂铁鳞、铁红基本物性及还原性研究

对钢铁厂铁鳞、铁红的基本物化性能和还原性能进行了研究。结果表明：粒度较粗、全铁较高铁鳞的还原性较好，适于作为优质海绵铁的原料。粒度极细、全铁高且杂质含量很低的铁红还原性也较好，适于作还原铁粉生产的原料。     

Allocation of GHG emissions in combined heat and power systems: a new proposal for considering inefficiencies of the system

The paper industry is responsible for a considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mainly due to its intensive energy requirements. The production of heat and power streams in a cogeneration system, i.e., a combined heat and power (CHP) plant, releases considerable amounts of GHG emissions into the atmosphere. Such emissions are already subjected to legislation globally. The amount of GHG emissions is usually calculated from the product of the total amount of energy activity multiplied by an emission factor. However, each energy output stream should get a share of emissions responsibility. This fact could assist in assigning weights to the emissions generated for power and thermal purposes in a combined heat and power plant. However, developing a suitable method of allocating emissions in a cogeneration system is still a concern and a subject research for scientists, companies and policy makers. This paper exposes and evaluates different published allocation methods and applies them to a real case of a combined heat and power plant integrated in a paper mill and proposes a new allocation method.     

Split notochord syndrome variant: prenatal findings and neonatal management

Spilt notochord syndrome is an extremely rare form of spinal dysraphism characterized by a complete cleft of the spine and a persistent communication between endoderm and ectoderm. A variant of split notochord syndrome was diagnosed in a 25-week-old fetus showing a prolapsed congenital colostomy and a spinal cystic lesion. The final diagnosis included protruding colon segment, imperforate anus with a rectourethral fistula and lipomyelomeningocele. The ultrasound features of the condition and the post-natal management are discussed. The neonate was successfully treated with a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, while the lipomyelomeningocele was resected at a later stage. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鸭绿江口邻近海域夏季粒级叶绿素a分布及影响因素研究

于2016年8月在鸭绿江口邻近海域采集水样,讨论了鸭绿江口邻近海域夏季粒级Chl a含量的空间分布规律及环境影响因素。结果表明,调查海域总Chl a含量介于2.91~17.46 μg/L之间,平均含量为6.54±3.56 μg/L,表层Chl a含量高于底层。小型级（Micro）Chl a含量表、底层分布规律相近,高值区均位于河流入海口处;表层和底层微微型级（Pico）Chl a分布规律相近,含量值在河流入海口处由东北向西南逐渐降低。微型级（Nano）Chl a含量在表层高值区位于河流入海口处偏西方向,底层则呈现北低南高的分布趋势。Micro级Chl a为夏季鸭绿江口邻近海域总Chl a的主要贡献者,平均贡献率为55.10%;Pico级和Nano级Chl a平均贡献率为27.61%和17.29%。Chl a主成分分析结果表明:底层各粒级Chl a含量与各环境因子均呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）;表层各粒级Chl a含量与盐度、透明度呈显著负相关,与硝酸盐（NO₃-N）、亚硝酸盐（NO₂-N）、磷酸盐（PO₄-P）、DIN、氮磷比、悬浮物浓度等呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）;Micro级Chl a含量与营养盐因子相关性更显著。     

真菌产黄青霉(Pcnioillium Chrysogonum)对致癌物质苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]的氧化

本试验证明,典型的土壤真菌202号和细菌91号能氧化B(a)P。细菌氧化B(a)P的产物除顺式二氢二醇无标准品未鉴定外,其余的产物与真菌的相同。 真菌产黄青霉氧化B(a)P为反式9,10-二氢二醇-B(a)P,反式-7,8-二氢二醇-B(a)p,1,6-醌-B(a)P,6,12-醌-B(a)P,3,6-醌-B(a)P,9-OH-B(a)P,3-OH-B(a)P。 用标记~(14)CB(a)P试验,真菌产黄青霉氧化B(a)P的动力学研究指出,在96小时内能氧化B(a)P2.8%,氧化产物包含水溶性的和酯溶性的。 氧化后的B(a)P产物的最大吸收光谱与B(a)P的不同,不能用常规检定B(a)P的方法检出,但其部分产物仍具致癌作用。为了弄清B(a)P在土壤中的转化,必须进一步研究B(a)P在土壤中与其它物质的结合和钝化。     

Environmental impact assessment taxonomy providing comprehensive coverage of midpoints,endpoints, damages,and areas of protection

Before conducting a comprehensive impact assessment, such as a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), there is a need to discuss the range of impacts which could and should be included. Up to this point of time, there has not been a comprehensive list of impacts for potential inclusion available. This research builds upon previous work which surveyed a large component of the comprehensive impact assessment field for cataloging and analysis in greater detail and then expanded it to include those midpoints, endpoints, and damages which could be covered in a more comprehensive impact assessment. In this paper, a seminal effort in the form of a meta-model is presented to facilitate an expanded discussion of the taxonomy of this field. Upon using existing models it was apparent the taxonomy needed to be structured to represent midpoint, endpoint, damage, and weighted levels as they relate to areas of protection for the impact assessment phase. Contrary to recent use in the LCIA field, a distinction will be made between an endpoint measure (which is more of a “count” of impacts) and a damage measure (which is a value-weighted aggregation of two or more endpoints). The authors present a representation of all four levels of impact assessment: midpoint, endpoint, damage, and weighted. This taxonomy was developed to include the existing impacts found in LCIA literature, and then expanded to be more comprehensive and include a larger set of impacts than are normally included within LCIA. The authors recognize this is the first of many steps necessary to capture all potential impacts that should be considered when conducting a comprehensive environmental assessment. The intent is to propose a taxonomy that would greatly facilitate the accumulation and communication of empirical and theoretical knowledge gained by offering a standard vocabulary and structure.     

Automated micro-transfer printing with cantilevered stamps

This paper demonstrates the use of a flexible instrumented stamp to enable automated micro transfer printing as a route to large-area, deterministic assembly of microstructured device components or ‘inks’. The ability to instrument the stamp, a critical component for retrieval and placement of a micro device, to detect contact and monitor localized forces during critical events in the printing process not only allows for the development of a robust manufacturing process, but also for a unique vantage point from which to study fundamental issues and phenomena associated with adhesion and delamination of thin films from a variety of substrate materials. This paper presents basic design analysis on the requirements of the cantilevers for compatibility with a typical transfer printing environment. Off-the-shelf thin film strain gages are integrated with a thin elastomeric post as a preliminary prototype and the feasibility of transfer printing with it is demonstrated. Further, the set-up is calibrated to produce force signals for event detection and in situ diagnosis of the process.     

螺旋型垂直筛板布气的喷射鼓泡脱硫除尘塔的研制和性能

研制了一种中试规模的螺旋型垂直筛板布气的喷射鼓泡脱硫除尘装置,具有螺旋型布气、环流布气、气动搅拌等特点.装置中特有的螺旋型气室是由两块按阿基米德螺线设计的垂直筛板围成,有结构简单紧凑、开孔面积大、不容易堵塞、气速稳定等优点.对中试规模装置进行了压降和湿法脱硫除尘实验.结果表明:空塔与喷射鼓泡运行时装置各部分压降随气量增加而增加,喷射鼓泡运行中控制"临界液位差"约170mm,当气量为1856m.3h-1时,塔总压降为3.37kPa;脱硫效率随鼓泡层高度和气动搅拌器旋转速度的增加而升高;当石灰石浆液浓度上升时,pH升高,有效脱硫时间延长;pH是控制装置脱硫效率的关键,pH=5.35时脱硫效率可达70%,pH为6～7时脱硫效率保持在80%以上;当烟气中含尘浓度大于304mg.m-3时(粉尘粒径小于50μm),除尘效率可达91%以上;该装置脱硫、除尘效率高,塔体高度较低,结构紧凑,具有很好的应用前景.     

Water tank experiment of gas diffusion from a stack in stably and unstably stratified layers under calm conditions

Water tank experiments were conducted to investigate plume rrise and diffusion of gases discharged from a stack under calm conditions with stable and unstable thermal stratifications.First, tracer liquid with fluorescent dye and salt was emitted from a model of a stack in a stably stratified layer and the behavior of a plume was recorded by video camera. Using these results. we obtained formulae for plume rise height, and horizontal and vertical width of a plume as a function of thedensimetric Froude number, stability ratio and time.After the completion of these experiments under stable conditions, an unstably stratified layer was developed from a ground surface by heating a floor and the resulting concentration distribution was measured with electric conductivity probes. Using these results, we analyzed the height of the convection layer and concentration distribution as a function of the overall Richardson number and time.     

广州流溪河水库叶绿素a遥感反演研究

叶绿素a是衡量水体初级生产力和富营养化程度的一项重要指标。本研究在讨论分析反演水体叶绿素a浓度的半分析生物光学模型理论基础上,利用Landsat TM数据及中巴资源卫星02星CCD相机高分辨率数据,结合实测数据建立广州流溪河水库叶绿素a浓度的波段比值型反演模型。该模型对两个不同监测日期的叶绿素a浓度反演效果较好,拟合系数(R2)分别达到0.860和0.715,均方根误差分别为0.102μg/L和0.198μg/L。反演结果表明,流溪河水库叶绿素a浓度整体较低,均在2.0μg/L以下,空间分布在湖库区较均匀,入库支流玉溪河水域叶绿素a浓度略高于湖库区。