排污口规范化整治工作初探

排污口规范化整治工作是全面施实总量控制之前的基础工作。文中论述了排污口规范化整治的依据、特点、原则、步骤和内容及工作中的七个方面注意事项。     

关于排污口规范化设置及整治的探讨

排污口规范化设置及整治是总量控制的一项基础工作，需要通过立法形式加以化。对排污口规范化设置及整治工作中存在的问题作了分析并提出有关建议。     

入海排污口排查整治进展与分类分级整治策略研析

生态环境部将入海排污口排查整治作为渤海综合治理攻坚战的“当头炮”“牛鼻子”,在入海排污口排查、监测、溯源、整治上取得了积极成效。本文在总结入海排污口排查整治工作经验和问题的基础上,根据管理需求将入海排污口分为重点管理、一般管理和简化管理三级,并以问题为导向,提出不同类型和管理分级的入海排污口整治策略,将入海排污口整治与长效监管有机衔接,保障整治成效。     

要闻

<正>为打好渤海综合治理攻坚战和长江保护修复攻坚战,生态环境部于2019年1—2月分别开展渤海入海排污口和长江入河排污口排查整治工作,采取"试点先行与全面铺开相结合"方式,计划利用2年时间完成"排查、监测、溯源、整治"4项任务。排污口排查整治工作有序推进A确立可复制推广的排污口排查整治责任机制通过试点工作,建立了排污口"交办给政府、落实到河长"的排查整治责任机制,先后制     

排污口规范化整治与实行污染物总量控制

排污口规范化整治与实行污染物总量控制山东省环境监测中心站王德明排污口规范化整治与实行污染物总量控制是互相联系、密不可分的，前者是后者的必要条件之一，后者是前者的主要目的之一，只有把二者紧密地结合起来，才能有力地促进污染物排放的科学化、定量化控制，才能...     

唐山市近岸海域入海排污口监管对策研究

“十三五”期间,唐山市加大重点流域和海域综合整治力度,入海污染物总量大幅减少,近岸海域优良水质面积比例呈上升趋势,但入海排污口数量仍然较大,陆源污染物通过入海排污口进入海洋,对海洋生态环境质量产生一定影响。唐山市作为渤海入海排污口排查整治试点城市,通过总结排查整治方法和监管措施经验,提出明确排污口管理责任、推进排污口分类整治、加强监管能力建设、开展排污口动态更新等监督管理措施建议,为渤海入海排污口全面排查整治提供可复制、可推广、可借鉴的排污口排查整治经验。     

江苏省部署排污口规范化整治

为加强对污染源排放的监督检查，逐步实现污染物排放的科学化、定量化管理，江苏省环境保护局制订了排污口规范化整治工作方案。通过调查摸底、规范化整治、竖立标志牌、建立管理档案等具体措施，采取与其他环境治理和环境管理工作相结合的工作方法，实现“狠抓两年，完成全省辖区内排污口的规范化整治，规范排污单位排污行为，实现污染物排放的量化管理”的总体目标。江苏省排污p规范化整治工作将分三个阶段进行：一、重点排污口整治阶段，要求于1998年4月底前完成，整治范围包括实施总量控制的重点污染源、列为限期治理的企业及重点保护水…     

南海市污染企业排污口整治取得阶段成果

南海市排污口规范化整治已取得阶段成果。到3月下旬止,全市共有257家排污企业完成了排污口规范化整治,安装排污标志牌636个,预计全市纳入排污申报登记企业的排污口规范化整治将于今年6月完成。     

黄河流域入河排污口排查整治专项行动启动

2021年3月26日,生态环境部以视频方式启动黄河流域入河排污口排查整治专项行动,就推进入河排污口排查整治工作进行部署。生态环境部副部长翟青出席启动会并讲话。会议指出,习近平总书记高度重视黄河流域櫗櫗櫗櫗櫗櫗櫗生态环境保护,多次作出重要指示批示,强调要坚持山水林田湖草沙综合治理、系统治理、源头治理。开展入河排污口排查整治,是深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想的具体实践,是从源头推动污染治理、改善水生态环境的重要举措,是推动黄河流域生态环境保护的关键基础性工作。     

搞好排污口规范化整治提高环保执法的科学性,公正性

排污口规范化整治，主要指污染物要集中排放，要对多点排放全部整治到只有一个排污口向外排放，要对排污口的几何形状进行必要的、合理的整治，以方便人工或自动采样、测流，条件成熟时可方便地安装流量计量装置，要设置排污口标志。进一步还可以安装等比例流量自动采样器...     

纳米生物炭的制备方法比较及其特性研究

本研究以常见农林废弃物—果木枝条、玉米秸秆和花生秸秆为原料,在350~550℃条件下热解制得五种本体生物炭;采用离心法、球磨法、球磨+离心法3种方法提取纳米生物炭,进而对本体生物炭和纳米生物炭的比表面积、元素含量、矿物组成和表面化学性质等进行比较,以探究物料来源、热解温度和制备方法对纳米生物炭性质及稳定性的影响.与本体生物炭相比,球磨法制得的纳米生物炭比表面积增大1.36~6.94倍,但产物未达到纳米颗粒级别,且在水体中稳定性较弱;球磨+离心法制得的纳米生物炭直径为70.06~103.43nm,在水体中稳定性强;离心法制备的纳米生物炭各项指标均不如其他两种方法.纳米生物炭的产率为2.27%~34.80%,且产率随温度的升高而降低.与本体生物炭相比,纳米生物炭含有更多的羟基等含氧官能团和更少的脂肪碳链.与果木枝条制备的纳米生物炭相比,玉米秸秆和花生秸秆来源的纳米生物炭产率高,但水稳性较差,易发生凝聚.果木枝条来源的纳米生物炭碳酸盐等碱性矿物含量丰富,且由于颗粒表面含氧官能团数量多而zeta电位绝对值高,悬液可以稳定分散.不同方法制备得到的纳米生物炭优缺点各异：球磨法制得的纳米生物炭比表面积更大;球磨+离心法制备的玉米和花生秸秆纳米生物炭的产率更高;低温热解果木炭提取的纳米生物炭水稳性更强.     

含酚废水处理系统中苯酚降解菌的分离及分离物多样性分析

用富集培养和直接涂平板培养的方法,从含酚废水处理系统的悬浮污泥中分别分离了57株和55株苯酚降解菌.112株分离物经ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析,共显示了15种差异明显的ERIC-PER指纹图谱,表明至少应有15种不同的菌株.其中直接涂平板法得到的分离物占有11种,富集培养法得到的分离物占4种.将直接涂平板得到的分离物,与来自不同种属苯酚降解菌的LmPH(the largest subunit of multi-component phenol hydroxylase)等位基因分子进行杂交显示,该11种分离物可分为3种以上不同的LmPH代谢类型;而富集培养获得的分离物巾只显示1种LmPH代谢类型.对显示不同ERIC-PCR指纹图的15个代表荫株的生长和苯酚降解效率进行研究发现,其中F-6菌株在苯酚浓度0.4～1.4g·L-1范围内,其苯酚降解效率达到了70%～100%.     

基于筛选层面的北京地区典型二噁英类的生态风险评价

以二 类为研究对象,利用风险评估识别排序模型在稳态假设下对北京地区环境中二 类的潜在生态风险进行模拟计算和评估,并根据计算结果对污染物按风险进行归类.模拟结果表明:当二 以估算的实际排放比例和排放量进入到大气、水和土壤介质中时,以环境介质中的阈值进行分析时,2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对-二 (2,3,7,8-TCDD)的风险评价因子(RAF)值为235,归为A类化合物,八氯二苯并-对-二 (OCDD)的RAF值为0.246,归为C类化合物.以生物介质中的阈值进行评价时,2,3,7,8-TCDD和OCDD的RAF值分别为6.70×10-3和1.11×10-3,均归为D类化合物.其余二 类同族体化合物的生态风险介于这二者之间.     

湖北省湿地水禽资源研究

1996年5月至2003年7月,使用直接计数法、样方法和专项调查法研究了湖北省湿地水禽资源,包括物种多样性、分布和种群数量。结果表明:湖北省共有水禽131种,隶属于7目19科58属;记录到107种,其中有黄嘴白鹭、小苇(?)、红脚苦恶鸟和长嘴剑(?)4个新记录种。按区系型分,古北界种类占优势,有80种,广布种26种,东洋种25种;按季节型分,冬候鸟为主体,有75种,夏候鸟32种,旅鸟14种,留鸟10种;按生活型分,涉禽占优势,共81种,游禽50种。湖北省水禽种群总数为159.396 9×104只,密度为101.96只/km₂;种群数量在1×104只以上的有28种。角(?)(?)等24种未发现。     

Prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis by ultrasonography

As the use of ultrasonography has become a routine procedure in the care of pregnant women, fetal congenital malformations have been frequently diagnosed prenatally. During a 4-year period abdominal wall defects (AWD) were diagnosed in 14 cases, five were gastroschises and nine were omphaloceles, seven females and seven males. Concomitant malformations were present in one case of gastroschisis and in five cases of omphalocele. Eleven AWD's were diagnosed in the second trimester and six pregnancies were interrupted. Eight children with AWD were born; two boys with omphalocele and one girl and one boy with gastroschisis are still alive. Alpha-fetoprotein was determined in amniotic fluid in 11 cases and also in maternal serum prior to the amniocentesis in eight cases. Chromosomal investigations were performed in 13 cases, 11 on amniotic fluid cells and two on lymphocytes from a blood sample made postnatally. Two abnormal karyotypes, 47,XX + 18 were found.     

Results from the 1987 total exposure assessment methodology (team) study in Southern California

Volatile organic compound (VOC) levels in breath, personal air and fixed-site (indoor and outdoor) air were measured and compared for a sample of 50 individuals in the Los Angeles area of California. Comparisons were also made between seasons (winter and summer), between breath samples taken at three different times during the 24-h monitoring period, and between exposure levels of smokers and non-smokers. Personal air levels were higher than indoor air levels and indoor levels were much higher than outdoor levels. Air concentrations in the kitchen and living area were quite similar. Air and breath levels were higher in the winter than in the summer. Little difference was found between levels for the three breath sampling periods. Mean personal air levels of VOCs related to smoking were higher in individuals exposed to tobacco smoke vs those who were not exposed. The personal air levels of smokers and passive smokers (those non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke) were not significantly different; while similar air levels were found in the kitchen and primary living area of homes with smokers.     

不同MBR反应器中硝化菌群落结构的研究

采用PCR-DGGE技术研究了正常运行工况下6个不同MBR反应器中的硝酸菌和反硝化菌的群落结构.结果表明,不同的MBR反应器好氧段中硝酸菌之间的相似性较高,相似性数值为78.7%~92.1%,但环境条件、进水水质及运行参数等因素的不同导致了不同MBR反应器硝酸菌群落的差异.MBR反应器中有5种硝酸菌和3种反硝化菌,其中优势硝酸菌种以α-变形细菌(Alpha proteobacteria)、生根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium)、维氏硝酸菌(Nitrobacter winogradskyi)为主,反硝化菌以好氧反硝化菌-产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)为主,说明反应器内同时存在好氧反硝化菌,推断MBR反应器内可能同时存在多种硝化和脱氮途径.     

上海市燃油、燃气锅炉NOx排放现状及控制建议研究

简述了上海市燃油、燃气锅炉的区域分布及额定蒸发量分布,结果表明上海市燃油、燃气锅炉以10 t/h以下的小锅炉为主;分析了上海市燃油、燃气锅炉NOx排放浓度水平、超标情况及提标潜势,研究显示燃油锅炉NOx排放浓度水平高于燃气锅炉、NOx超标均出现在10 t/h以下小锅炉、额定蒸发量较高的锅炉NOx排放水平相对较低,较严标准限值的控制下达标率也相对较高;基于以上研究结果,提出了加强NOx监测及推进锅炉低氮燃烧改造工作等控制建议.     

民用燃料燃烧排放PM2.5和PM10中碳组分排放因子对比

在实验室中模拟民用燃料在家庭炉灶中的燃烧,应用稀释通道系统采集颗粒物,获得玉米秸秆、薪柴、蜂窝煤和块煤四种常用民用燃料燃烧排放PM10,PM2.5及载带碳组分的排放因子.结果表明,民用燃料燃烧排放的颗粒物以细颗粒为主, PM2.5占PM10的70%~90%.颗粒物排放因子最大的为块煤,其PM2.5和PM10的排放因子分别为9.837和11.929g/kg,分别是蜂窝煤的12.6和13.7倍;玉米秸秆和薪柴PM2.5和PM10的排放因子稍低于块煤,为7.359~10.444g/kg.4种燃料燃烧OC排放因子块煤最高,其在PM2.5和PM10中分别为5.29和5.19g/kg.薪柴燃烧EC的排放因子最高,其在PM2.5和PM10 中的排放因子分别为1.065和1.126g/kg.块煤两种粒径上EC的排放因子略低于薪柴.蜂窝煤EC的排放因子最低,比薪柴低300倍左右,玉米秸秆EC的排放因子也要比薪柴低10倍左右.碳组分是块煤,秸秆,薪柴排放颗粒物的主要成分,其含量在40%~60%之间,该值比蜂窝煤高3倍.四种燃料对应的OC/EC比值差异很大,薪柴和块煤燃烧排放颗粒该值为3~6,秸秆和蜂窝煤燃烧排放颗粒其值高达30~50.     

Measurement of cabin air quality aboard commercial airliners

Between April and June 1989, 92 randomly selected flights were monitored to determine prevailing levels of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and other pollutants in the airliner cabin environment. The monitored flights included 69 smoking flights, 8 of which were international, and 23 nonsmoking flights, all of which were domestic. Selected ETS contaminants (nicotine, respirable suspended particles and carbon monoxide), as well as ozone, microbial aerosols, carbon dioxide and other environmental variables were measured in different parts of airliner cabins. Particle and nicotine concentrations were highest in the smoking section and were somewhat higher in the boundary region near smoking than in other no-smoking sections or on nonsmoking flights. Levels of these ETS tracers were correlated with smoking rates observed by field technicians, and their levels in the boundary section were higher when more proximate to the smoking section. CO₂ levels were sufficiently high and humidity levels were sufficiently low to pose potential comfort problems for aircraft occupants. Ozone levels were well within existing standards for airliner environments, and levels of microbial aerosols were below those in residential environments that have been characterized through cross-sectional studies.