TiO_2-SO_4~(2-)/Glass光催化降解甲基橙溶液的方法

研究以平玻璃和毛玻璃为载体,用Sol gel法制备附载型TiO2/Glass光催化剂,并用H2SO4溶液浸泡制得TiO2 SO2-4/Glass光催化剂。考察了光催化剂对甲基橙溶液的光催化性能。结果表明:平玻璃附载TiO2的光催化活性低于毛玻璃附载TiO2的光催化活性。且毛玻璃附载TiO2经连续6次使用后光催化活性基本不变。毛玻璃附载TiO2经H2SO4溶液处理后光催化活性明显升高。     

纳米TiO2的晶相控制及其光催化活性研究

采用sol gel法以钛酸丁酯为前驱物制备纳米TiO2 粉体 ,以TG DTA、XRD、TEM进行表征分析 ,研究了不同煅烧条件对纳米TiO2 粉体的晶相变化、微晶生长、粒径大小的影响 ,并用自制纳米TiO2 光催化降解四氟苯甲酸 ,研究了不同煅烧条件下纳米TiO2 的光催化活性。     

纳米TiO_2膜的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶 凝胶法(Sol Gel)制备了负载型纳米TiO2膜,分别考察了原料配比、pH值、煅烧温度对薄膜性质的影响,并利用XRD对其结构进行了表征,同时,用负载型TiO2膜对活性艳红X 3B(X 3B)模拟染料废水进行了微波辅助光催化脱色的研究。结果表明,改变原料配比及pH值可以制备出不同粒径的纳米TiO2膜,在450℃煅烧时TiO2呈锐态矿结构,在650℃以上出现锐态矿与金红石混晶结构,750℃时完全转变为金红石结构。所制得的纳米TiO2薄膜对X 3B具有较好的光催化活性。     

金属掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜的制备和抗菌性能研究

采用sol—gel法在载玻片表面制备了Ce,Cu,i．a,Ag掺杂的锐铁矿相TiO2薄膜,并通过SEM,XRD．FT—IR及UVVIS进行了表征,比较了薄膜的抗菌性能．UV—VIS研究表明,金属掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜在近紫外区吸光度有明显提高。抗菌实验表明掺Ag的TiO2薄膜抗菌效果最佳。     

邻-氯酚在TiO_2膜上光催化降解及反应动力学特征

以钛酸四丁酯为原料采用Sol Gel法制备了玻璃负载TiO2 膜光催化剂 ,应用XRD表征了不同实验条件下薄膜中TiO2 的晶相结构和粒度。分析了不同层数TiO2 膜的光催化活性和溶液 pH值对邻 氯酚 (2 CP)的影响。结果表明 :处理温度为 50 0℃时不同厚度薄膜中TiO2 均为锐钛矿晶型 ,粒径 8～ 33nm ,5层涂膜光催化活性最高。在高 pH值和低pH值区域 2 CP ,在TiO2 膜上的光催化降解速率较大。 2 CP初始浓度 (C0 )与反应速率 (r0 )的关系符合Langmuir Hinshelwood方程 ,当C0 ≤ 0 .6mmol·L- 1 时 ,降解反应可用一级动力学模式来描述。     

太湖冬季军团菌（Legionella spp．）的分布和多样性

军团菌（Legionellas pp．）广泛存在于各种水体中,对人类的健康造成了一定的安全隐患．为了解太湖在冬季是否存在军团菌,以及它的分布和多样性,本研究于2010年2月,在全太湖32个点位采样,使用巢式PCR对样品中军团菌进行检测,并用变性梯度凝胶电泳（denaturing gradient gel eletrop...     

Preconcentration and determination of trace copper(II) in natural water using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol

Trace copper (II) in water can be preconcentrated using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and be determined spectrophotometri-cally. The conditions for the preconcentration were studied. The method was applied to both artificial and natural water samples and the results suggest that copper (II) of ppb level in water can be measured accurately after the preconcentration.     

Profiling of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing wastewater

A technology of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)was used to profile the structure and dynamic changes of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing(HSC)wastewater.The results showed that the heterotrophic genus of Acinetobacter and the autotrophic genera of Thiobacillus and Thiomonas could survive well in all of three operating conditions.Some special genera were also observed with changes of micro-ecoenvironment in the rea...     

Influence of temperature on the characteristics of aerobic granulation in sequencing batch airlift reactors

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in sequencing batch airlift reactors(SBAR) at 25,30,and 35°C,respectively.The effect of temperature on the granules characteristics was analyzed and the microbial community structures of the granules were probed using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that 30°C is optimum for matured granule cultivation,where the granules had a more compact structure,better settling abili...     

Dynamic changes of microbial community diversity in a photohydrogen producing reactor monitored by PCR-DGGE

A PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction) protocol was used for monitoring the dynamic changes in the microbial population during photohydrogen production. Total DNA was extracted directly from the mixed bacterial community in the reactor and subjected to PCR with V3-16S rDNA and pufM gene primers, and the amplifications were then analyzed by DGGE. The DGGE patterns demonstrated the dynamics of community structure and the shift of microbial diversity, which correspond...     

高分子凝胶球去除废水中重金属离子的研究

用海藻酸钠（SA）、海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇（SA—PVA）、海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯（SA—PEO）凝胶球作为吸附剂吸附溶液中的Pb^2＋。探讨了凝胶球固定化时间、吸附时间、溶液pH值、溶液初始浓度对Pb^2＋去除率的影响,并对吸附动力学方程进行了分析。结果表明：固定化时间对去除率的影响较小;反应速率较快,吸附时间在10min时,三种凝胶球对Pb^2＋的去除率就分剐达到了80％、82％和88％,吸附时间在2h后基本达到吸附平衡,三种凝胶球对Pb^2＋的吸附能力为：SA—PGE〉SA—PVA〉SA;三种凝胶球吸附铅离子的行为均符合一级反应动力学方程;溶液的pH在4～6时有较高的去除率;三种凝胶球对不同金属的吸附能力为Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Cd^2＋;饱和吸附后的三种凝胶球均可以再生利用。     

包埋固定化微生物强化SBR工艺脱氮性能研究

将采用PVA-H2BO4法制得的包埋固定化微生物凝胶小球引入SBR工艺中,通过平行试验比较了普通SBR反应器(N1)与投加包埋固定化微生物凝胶小球的SBR反应器(N2)的脱氮性能,分析了包埋固定化微生物强化SBR工艺脱氮性能的特性。研究结果表明:在相同的运行条件下,N2反应器的NH4+-N及TIN的去除率较N1反应器分别提高了4.4%~32.8%、34.1%~50.9%,且表现出明显的抗冲击负荷能力;同时通过典型周期内不同反应器各形态氮随时间的变化研究发现,该反应器发生了很好的同步硝化反硝化作用,说明包埋固定化微生物对SBR反应器的脱氮性能有很好的强化作用。N2为提高SBR反应器得脱氮性能提供了新思路。     

Morphology of metal nanoparticles photodeposited on TiO2/silical gel and photothermal activity for destruction of ethylene

The morphology of supported metal nanoparticles on TiO2/silical gel （TSO） and photothermal synergism were investigated for destruction of ethylene. During photocatalytic deposition of metal nanopartilces, the effects of pH and light intensity on the morphology of coated platinum, palladium, gold on TiO2/silical gel were studied. Moreover, these catalysts were characterized by TEM, UV-Vis DRS. The pH of preparing solution have strong influence on dispersion, size and sites of Pt, Pd and Au on TSO, which were controlled by the electrostatic binding of HPtCl5^- AuCl4^- and TiOH2^＋, Pd^2＋ and TiO^- respectively. Platinum, gold and palladium nanoparticles were uniformly highly dispersed on the titanol sites not silanol of TiO2/silical gel under pH=2, pH =9.9 respectively. For the photodegradation of ethylene, they show higher photothermal efficiency than those prepared with other pH conditions under UV illumination in a non-circulating photoreactor. The optimum weight loadings of Pt, Au, and Pd were 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, respectively. The synergistic effect enhanced ethylene removal and CO2 production. Thcse results verify that the best photothermal synergistic effect depends on the dispersion, size of noble metal nano-particles. FTIR analyses of the used Pt-, Pd-TSO catalysts indicated that no significant by-products were accumulated on the surface of the catalysts, leading to them longer lifetime.     

Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase measurements: Comparing immunochemical and polyacrylamide gel techniques

In the present study, a recently reported immunochemical technique for measuring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in amniotic fluid utilizing the 4F19 antibody was compared with the widely utilized polyacrylamide gel technique to determine whether the immunochemical assay provided an advantage in separating unaffected pregnancies from those associated with open spina bifida (OSB) and open ventral wall defects (OVWD). The study included (1) 73 amniotic fluid samples from unaffected pregnancies [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) < 2 MoM] with no visible gel AChE band, (2) nine bloodstained samples from unaffected pregnancies (AFP 2·2–4·0 MoM) with visible gel AChE bands, (3) 18 samples associated with OSB (AFP 2·2–7·0 MoM) with visible gel AChE bands, and (4) 20 samples associated with OVWD (AFP 3·2–53·5 MoM) with visible gel AChE bands. The immunochemical assay produced ranges of measurements in the four respective categories as follows: (1) 2–60 arbitrary units (AU): (2) 14–69 AU, (3) 61–593 AU, and (4)22–476 AU. Eight of the nine unaffected pregnancies with visible gel AChE bands had immunochemical measurements below the highest measurement for the samples with no visible AChE band (60 AU), as did five out of 20 OVWD pregnancies. Two of the OSB cases had values of 61 and 62 AU. These data indicate that the 4F19 specific monoclonal antibody to AChE is capable of distinguishing unaffected from affected pregnancies with reasonable reliability but that more work needs to be done to establish the extent of overlap between the unaffected and affected populations.     

高分子凝胶球用于城市污水深度处理的研究

制备海藻酸钠-钙(SA-Ca)、海藻酸钠-铁(SA-Fe)、包埋活性炭海藻酸钠-铁(SA-Fe-AC)凝胶球,对城市污水处理厂二级出水的COD和无机磷进行深度处理。结果表明:SA-Ca凝胶球对COD的去除率为10%,SA-Fe凝胶球对COD及无机磷的去除率分别为42%和93%。SA-Fe-AC凝胶球对COD及无机磷的去除率分别为75%和87%。SA-Fe及SA-Fe-AC对COD的吸附符合Langmuir型,均属于单分子层吸附,其饱和吸附量分别为416.7mg/g、909mg/g。     

生物传感器快速测定BOD在海洋监测中的应用

选用一株耐高渗透压的酵母菌种作为敏感材料可以实现BOD的快速测定。采用海藻酸钙包埋法和聚乙烯醇包埋法两种细胞固定化方法并进行了比较。就聚乙烯醇固定化微生物进行了渗稼压和重金属离子影响的研究。     

First-trimester amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase electrophoresis

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gel electrophoresis was performed on normal amniotic fluids obtained at 4–15 weeks of pregnancy. Until 8 weeks, all the fluids were AChE-positive; the percentage of positive specimens decreased from 9 until 11 weeks and no positive specimen was found after 12 weeks. This method may allow early prenatal dignosis of neural tube defects after the 12th week.     

Study of 4-t-octylphenol degradation and microbial community in granular sludge

In this study, the authors have investigated the effects of various factors on both aerobic and anaerobic degradation of 4-t-octylphenol （4-t-OP） in granular sludge. In comparison, the aerobic degradation rate was much higher than that of anaerobic degradation. The optimal pH values for 4-t-OP degradation in granular sludge were 9 and 7 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. And the degradation rate decreased with an increase in the initial 4-t-OP concentration. Addition of yeast extract or homologous compounds such as phenol also enhanced the 4-t-OP degradation, especially under the aerobic condition. To investigate the bacterial community in this study, the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） method was applied, based on the primers, for the 16S rDNA V3 region of bacteria, γ-proteobacteria and bacillus were identified as the major species of sludge.     

生态修复水生植物根际氨氧化细菌的研究

为研究水生植被恢复对底泥氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)种群的影响,选取在生态修复中广泛使用的4种水生植物,芦苇(Phragmites communis)、窄叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia L.)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和荇菜(Limnanthemun nymphoides),采用最大可能数法(most pmbable number,MPN)计数AOB的数量,巢式聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradienl gel electmphoresis,nested PCR-DGGE)及条带回收测序的方法分析AOB的主要种类.结果显示,水生植物根际AOB密度显著高于无水生植物的表层底泥,而芦苇(2.8×105cells/g)和菖蒲(4.3×10'celts/g)又明显高于菹草(9.3 x 104cells/g)和荇菜(7.7×104 cells/g).水生植物根际呈氧化环境,而NH 4的浓度低于无水生植物的对照区.DNA测序结果显示尽管不同植物根际AOB主要种类有所区别,但基本属于亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas).此类微生物群落在水生植物根际的聚集对促进生态修复中N元素的循环具有重要作用.     

A screen-printed, amperometric biosensor for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples

An amperometric biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was developed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. The extent of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deactivation was determined and quantified for pesticide concentrations in water samples. An enzyme immobilization adsorption procedure and polyacrylamide gel matrix polymerization were used for fabrication of the biosensor, with minimal losses in enzyme activity. The optimal conditions for enzyme catalytic reaction on the SPEs surfaces were acetylthiocholine chloride (ATChCl) concentration of 5 mmol/L, pH 7 and reaction time of 4 min. The detection limits for three organophosphorus pesticides (dichlorvos, monocrotophs and parathion) were in the range of 4 to 7 g/L when an AChE amount of 0.1 U was used for immobilization.