共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
2.
固定化小球藻净化市政污水的初步研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定小球藻,对人工污水进行静态模拟净化试验,研究了小球藻在固定和悬浮状态下,对污水中的氨氮、正磷酸盐的净化效率及小球藻的生长、生理情况;研究了不同浓度的汞对固定化小球藻处理污水中氮氮和正磷酸盐净化效率和小球藻的生长及生理的影响.结果表明:固定化小球藻的净化效率远高于悬浮态的小球藻;不同浓度的汞对固定化小球藻对氨氮和正磷酸盐净化产生抑制效应. 相似文献
3.
本文研究了Hg^2+对普通小球藻的致毒效应与银杏叶提取物的保护作用。试验显示:普通小球藻的生理代谢活动对Hg^2+敏感,单Hg^2+浓度提高,普通小球藻生长量降低;可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性、总抗氛能为等在Hg^2+0~3mg.L^-1范围内应激升高,4~5mg.L^-1时升高幅度下降;而O2^-、MDA、脂质氢过氧化物含量均在供处理Hg^2+浓度 持续上升,表现出Hg^2+促进O2^-、MDA与 相似文献
4.
固定化与游离态小球藻脱氮除磷对比研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对固定化与游离态小球藻脱氮、除磷进行对比研究,结果表明固定化藻在2d内对NH4^+-N和PO^3-4-P的净化效率比悬浮态藻分别高23.14%和35.19%。固定化后初期会对藻细胞的生长产生影响,使得固定化藻的数量增长慢于悬浮态藻的生长,但在较短时间(24a左右)内细胞的活性即可恢复,并保持持续生长,这说明固定化没有对细胞产生不可恢复的损伤。固定化藻技术不仅保留了悬浮态藻的优点,而且使得藻对氮、磷的去除率有较大提高,对藻细胞起到了保护作用,延长藻细胞的生长期,有利于细胞更多地吸收氮、磷。 相似文献
5.
6.
固定化小球藻对海水养殖废水氮磷的处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究利用海藻酸钠(SA)作为载体、以氯化钙(CaCl2)为交联剂,探究小球藻最佳固定化条件及其对海水养殖废水氨氮和磷酸盐的处理效果.通过对比不同浓度SA和CaCl2对小球藻生长的影响及不同固定化条件的藻球对氨氮、磷酸盐处理效果,确定最佳固定化条件为2.0% SA和2.0% CaCl2.对比固定化藻球和悬浮小球藻对模拟海水养殖废水氨氮、磷酸盐去除效果,结果表明固定化藻球比悬浮藻液对氮、磷处理效果更好.其中低接种率(1:10)固定化藻球的最大氨氮、磷酸盐去除率分别为63.26%和62.76%.固定化小球藻浓度越高,其净化能力越强,高接种率(1:1)固定化藻球的最大氨氮、磷酸盐去除率分别是85.16%和75.94%.连续流运行下固定化藻球对海水养殖废水氨氮、磷酸盐的平均去除率分别为84.49%和72.17%.小球藻固定化态保留并延长了悬浮态生长活性,提高了对海水养殖废水脱氮除磷效果. 相似文献
7.
Hg、Cd对莼菜越冬芽光合膜光化学活性及多肽组分的影响 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
研究了重金属Hg^2+、Cd^2+对水生植物莼菜越冬芽光合膜叶绿素含量、多肽组分及光化学特性的影响。实验结果表明,经1mmol/L浓度Hg^2+处理后,叶片光合膜叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b值、室温吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、光系统电子传递活性呈下降趋势;当Hg^2+处理浓度超过2mmol/L时,叶片光合膜叶绿素含量及其它化光学活性显下降,光合膜多肽组分也产生降解。茎光合膜对Hg^2+的敏感程度比叶片低 相似文献
8.
采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定,对人工污水进行静态模拟净化试验,研究了在pH为4,5,6,7和8的条件下,无重金属及ρ(Cu2+),ρ(Zn2+)和ρ(Cd2+)分别为0.05,0.5和5 mg/L时,固定态和悬浮态蛋白核小球藻对污水中磷的净化效率.结果表明:①相对于悬浮态,固定态小球藻由于海藻酸钠的包埋稳定性较强,磷的去除率较高;②小球藻磷的去除率受ρ(重金属)影响,随着ρ(重金属)的升高,磷的去除率降低,重金属产生的胁迫作用增强;③Cu2+对固定态和悬浮态小球藻的胁迫作用较Zn2+和Cd2+大,而Zn2+和Cd2+对固定态和悬浮态小球藻的胁迫作用随着ρ(重金属)的变化而有所差异;④pH对小球藻磷的去除率的影响随重金属种类、质量浓度及时间的变化而不同,Zn2+和Cd2+存在时,小球藻磷的去除率最高一般出现在pH为8的弱碱条件下,而Cu2+存在时小球藻磷的去除率受pH的影响差异不显著(P>0.05). 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
Mara C. Diguez Claudia P. Queimalios Sergio Ribeiro Guevar Mark Marvin-DiPasquale Carolina Soto Crdenas Mara A. Arribre 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(10):1980-1991
Ligands present in dissolved organic matter (DOM) form complexes with inorganic divalent mercury (Hg^2+) affecting its bioavailability in pelagic food webs. This investigation addresses the influence of a natural gradient of DOM present in Patagonian lakes on the bioaccumulation of Hg^2+ (the prevailing mercury species in the water column of these lakes) by the algae Cryptomonas erosa and the zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Boeckella antiqua. Hg^2+ accumulation was studied through laboratory experiments using natural water of four oligotrophic Patagonian lakes amended with^197Hg^2+. The bioavailability of Hg^2+ was affected by the concentration and character of DOM. The entrance of Hg^2+ into pelagic food webs occurs mostly through passive and active accumulation. The incorporation of Hg^2+ by Cryptomonas, up to 27% of the Hg^2+ amended, was found to be rapid and dominated by passive adsorption, and was greatest when low molecular weight compounds with protein-like or small phenolic signatures prevailed in the DOM. Conversely, high molecular weight compounds with a humic or fulvic signature kept Hg^2+ in the dissolved phase, resulting in the lowest Hg^2+ accumulation in this algae. In Brachionus and Boeckella the direct incorporation of Hg from the aqueous phase was up to 3% of the Hg^2+ amended. The dietary incorporation of Hg^2+ by Boeckella exceeded the direct absorption of this metal in natural water, and was remarkably similar to the Hg^2+ adsorbed in their prey. Overall, DOM concentration and character affected the adsorption of Hg^2+ by algae through competitive binding, while the incorporation of Hg^2+ into the zooplankton was dominated by trophic or dietary transfer. 相似文献
12.
13.
通过室内模拟实验,探究不同丰度的活、死水华束丝藻对Hg2+的吸附动力学特征和等温吸附模型以及解吸特征。结果表明,水华束丝藻对Hg2+有较好的吸附效果,能在短时间内吸附大量Hg2+,120 min左右达到吸附平衡,且活藻对Hg2+的吸附效果比死藻好;活藻和死藻吸附Hg2+的动力学过程符合准一级、准二级动力学模型,且准二级动力学模型拟合效果更好;活、死水华束丝藻对Hg2+的吸附分别符合Langmuir模型、D-R模型,最大吸附量分别为2.07×10-2 ng/(106 cells)、3.56×10-2 ng/(106 cells);水华束丝藻对Hg2+的单位吸附量随着藻丰度的增加而减少,吸附总量随着藻丰度的增加而增加。反应初期(0~5 min),活、死水华束丝藻对Hg2+进行生物吸附,吸附速度快且效率高;随后活藻依靠新陈代谢将Hg2+转移至细胞内进行生物富集,因而活藻的单位吸附量高于死藻。活藻和死藻对Hg2+的解吸量随藻丰度的增加而增加,且死藻变化更明显。 相似文献
14.
利用合成的PNIPAAm/AAc交联共聚温敏性水凝胶分别对水溶液中微量的Y^2+,CU2^2+离子进行浓集分离研究。实验结果表明,凝胶能有效浓集Y^2+,UO2^2+离子,在PH=1~4范围内,凝胶的溶胀比及对Y^3+,UO2^2+的浓集率均随PH的增大而增大,浓集率分别达到80%和90%,凝胶溶胀比的增大浓集量分别为5.293mg.g^-1、36.16mg.g^-1凝胶的表面积也对浓集率有限大影 相似文献
15.
Elemental mercury (Hg^0) in flue gases can be efficiently captured by mercury chloride (HgCl2) solution. However, the absorption behaviors and the influencing effects are still poorly understood. The mechanism of Hg^0 absorption by HgCl2 and the factors that control the removal were studied in this paper. It was found that when the mole ratio of Cl^- to HgCl2 is 10:1, the Hg^0 removal efficiency is the highest. Among the main mercury chloride species, HgCl3^- is the most efficient ion for Hg^0 removal in the HgCl2 absorption system when moderate concentrations of chloride ions exist. The Hg^0 absorption reactions in the aqueous phase were investigated computationaIIy using Moller-Plesset perturbation theory. The calculated Gibbs free energies and energy barriers are in excellent agreement with the results obtained from experiments. In the presence of SO3^2- and SO2, Hg^2+ reduction occurred and Hg^0 removal efficiency decreased. The reduced Hg^0 removal can be controlled through increased chloride concentration to some degree. Low pH value in HgCla solution enhanced the Hg^0 removal efficiency, and the effect was more significant in dilute HgCl2 solutions. The presence of SO4^2- and NO3^- did not affect Hg^0 removal by HgCl2. 相似文献
16.
降水中汞的赋存形态 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
在北京市不同地点和不同时期采集降水样品 36个 .分析结果表明 ,汞易形成相对稳定的络合态汞 ,除 Hg0(w) 外各形态汞含量均表现为采暖期大于非采暖期 .降水中各形态汞的含量和百分比按大小排序 ,经统计检验 ,在非采暖期水相中为 Hgre(w)>[Hg0(w),Hg2+(w)],颗粒态汞为 Hgre(p)>Hg2+(p)>Hg0(p);在采暖期水相中均为 Hgre(w)>Hg2+(w)>Hg0(w),颗粒态汞为 Hgre(p)>[Hg2+(p),Hg0(p)].在非采暖期颗粒态汞含量及百分比 HgT(p)>溶解态汞 HgT(w),在采暖期颗粒态汞和溶解态汞没有明显差异 .小于 0.45μm颗粒吸附的汞 Hg0相对较多 ,Hg2+形态汞较少 ,水溶液中 Hg0 形态汞少 ,Hg2+形态汞多 ,表明 Hg0 形态汞更易在微小颗粒物上吸附 ,而 Hg2+形态汞相当部分可以保留在水溶液中 . 相似文献
17.
不同波长和强度光照对水体汞还原的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用室内模拟实验,探讨不同光波长、强度对HgCl2还原反应的影响,根据载气中Hg0的实时浓度跟踪HgCl2还原反应的过程,计算Hg0释放通量来进行汞光还原程度定性分析、动力学定量分析,并运用积分法和微分法确定反应级数.结果表明,Hg2+的还原量与光波长呈负相关、与光强度呈正相关,说明光子提供的能量对汞的光还原反应起关键性作用,汞还原率由光波长和强度共同决定,并且受溶液体积和载气流速影响;在各组实验中,载气中的Hg0浓度均表现为先上升再下降后趋于平稳的规律,Hg0浓度上升阶段的主要反应是Hg2+的还原反应和Hg0的释放,而下降阶段的主要反应是Hg0的释放;本研究中可见光下的汞还原反应为一级反应,UVA、UVB光照下的汞还原反应为二级反应,这与汞的配合物具有特定的光谱吸收带和实验用灯提供的光波范围有关. 相似文献