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1.
扑救液化石油气储罐爆炸火灾安全距离的确定   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
液化石油气储罐爆炸火灾是一类比较难于扑救的特殊火灾,如何根据现场的情况快速评估事故危害,并确定灭火指挥和人员疏散的安全距离,是消防指挥员指挥决策的重要问题,也是难点问题。本文研究了液化石油气储罐发生BLEVE时的热辐射和冲击波计算方法,并导出了安全距离的确定方法。对于消防指挥员快速决策具有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

2.
崔景 《安全》2012,33(4):13-14
本文重点分析了液化石油气低温常压储罐在使用过程中的危险性,并指出必须采用合理的制冷技术及相应的保温措施,防止由于温度变化导致材料无法承受罐内压力而产生裂缝,从而发生蒸汽爆炸.  相似文献   

3.
4.
补焊液化石油气储罐实例新疆石油管理局锅炉压力容器检验所陈世群为了保证压力容器运行的安全,在用压力容器必须依据法规进行定期检验。对于检验容器时发现的一些不允许存在的焊缝缺陷,必须进行补焊修理。然而,由于补焊容器在使用现场进行,焊接工作条件比在制造厂差,...  相似文献   

5.
液化石油气储罐区火灾爆炸事故分析与危险控制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胡广霞 《安全》2007,28(1):8-11
针对液化石油气罐区的火灾、爆炸危险性进行分析和辨识;运用重大事故模拟方法,对某液化石油气罐区火灾、爆炸事故的事故范围(半径)进行模拟;根据模拟结果,提出了预防罐区火灾、爆炸事故的控制措施.  相似文献   

6.
牛蕴  吴祚祥 《安全》2010,31(1):23-25
北京地区现有加油站1100多个,遍布北京市主要交通干线的周边地区。加油站作为危险化学品装置,属于石油石化类高危行业。近年来,加油站在施工过程中频频出现事故,例如,2007年11月24日,上海浦三路油气加注站储气罐爆炸事故就引起了社会的高度重视。  相似文献   

7.
分析液化石油气储罐底部泄漏的危险性,提出注水工艺方案。  相似文献   

8.
液化石油气是从油气田或石油炼制过程中得到的一部分碳氢化合物。主要成分为C3、C4烷烃。液化石油气(LPG)是重要的燃料及化工原料,同时也是一种易燃、易爆的危险物质,在生产运输,储存和使用过程中极易发生事故。随着液化石油气在工业与民用方面的广泛应用,国内外因操作和管理不慎而发生的液化石油气火灾爆炸事故屡见不鲜。1984年11月19日,墨西哥市郊外国家石油公司液化石油气储运站发生泄漏并引发爆炸,造成650人死亡,6000人受伤。1998年3月5日,西安市煤气公司液化石油气管理所发生严重泄漏爆炸事故,共造成12人死亡,32人受伤,10万居民疏散。这些事故造成的人身伤亡及财产损失等都极为严重。因此,对液化石油气储罐及其管路的事故后果进行分析,提出相应的对策措施,对预防重大事故的发生具有重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
襄樊市液化石油气站现有71家,大部分是上世纪70年代及80年代后建立起来的,站内的液化石油储罐服役已有20年甚至一部分超过20年,随着服役时间的延长,储罐钢板中的夹层及鼓包的缺陷产生呈上升的趋势,现就市某公司一台32立方液化石油储罐鼓包状况进行分析。  相似文献   

10.
<正>1、火焰发白、变亮,使人产生刺眼的感觉。组成液化石油气的烃类在火灾情况下会出现高温裂解,产生碳粒子。碳粒子在一般火焰温度(700℃至800℃)时呈现红光或黄光,在火焰温度超过1000℃高温时,这些碳粒子就会发白、变亮,给人的视觉造成刺眼的感觉。2、安全阀和排空阀等泄放孔发出刺耳的呼叫声。火场上温度比常温高出许多,温度升高使液化石油气储  相似文献   

11.
    
After Bhopal disaster, emergency planning in an industrial area has become inevitable. The off-site emergency plan is an integral part of any major hazard control system. Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) leads to fatal consequences. This paper highlights some salient features of the emergency scenario, which ultimately leads to fireball with enormous pressure wave all around.  相似文献   

12.
对液化石油气站选址风险进行定量分析,判断风险的可接受性,从而确定选址是否合理。拟建液化石油气站的F/N曲线未知,辨识液化石油气站可能发生的最严重事故,并应用风险积分参数确定液化石油气站的风险。经判断,液化石油气站可能发生的最严重事故为沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸(BLEVE),应用BLEVE火球模型对事故后果进行评价并确定事故影响范围,进而确定影响范围内的最大人数及事故发生频率,在此基础上对LPG站的风险积分参数进行计算。将计算结果与英国安全卫生执行局应用ALARP准则制定的风险可接受标准进行比较。结果表明,该液化石油气站的风险处于合理可接受区。采取一定风险减缓措施后,可考虑在此地点建设液化石油气站。  相似文献   

13.
LPG沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸火球热辐射概率风险评估   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
分析了火球热辐射的特点,针对LPG沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸火球造成的热辐射危害存在不确定性,建立了爆炸火球热辐射风险评估模型,提出了一种基于Monte-Carlo模拟的不确定性处理方法,引入实例计算了LPG沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸火球伤害范围、事故风险概率曲线方程和累计概率曲线方程,对于定量评估火球热辐射风险具有重要意义.  相似文献   

14.
    
After the 2011 Tohoku earthquakes, several chemical and oil complexes on the Pacific Ocean shoreline of northeast Japan experienced massive losses. In Chiba, a refinery operated by Cosmo Oil lost 17 LPG storage vessels which were either heavily damaged or totally destroyed by fires and explosions in the refinery. These large vessels ranged in size from 1000 to 5000 m3. The estimated volume of LPG at the time of the incident was between 400 and 5000 m3 for each vessel. Five boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions (BLEVEs) of LPG occurred, resulting in huge fire balls measuring about 500 m in diameter.A BLEVE is defined as the explosive release of expanding vapor and boiling liquid when a container holding a pressure-liquefied gas fails catastrophically. It is thus important to estimate the physical properties of superheated liquids: the thermodynamic and transport properties, the intrinsic limits to superheating and depressurization, and the nature of thermodynamic paths. Also it is hoped to provide better understanding of the vessels designed, manufactured, installed, and operated to reduce or eliminate the probability that a sequence of events will result in BLEVE or loss of primary containment. Knowledge of these matters is still incomplete. The objective of this research is to estimate the significant BLEVE phenomenon in very large scale spherical vessels based on published information in Japan. There are some models predicting BLEVEs. However, it is essential to know if this is true for very large scales such as spheres since validation is usually rare to provide confidence in estimating the superheated liquids behaviors. To this end, comparing with the information on this event, the conditions in the five LPG vessels at the time of the BLEVE were determined in terms of: duration of vessel failure (time to BLEVE); mass fraction in the vessel with time; temperature distribution in the liquid and vapor region and pressure within the vessel (e.g. initial pressure and internal high-speed transient pressure during failure), by means of a computer program AFFTAC Analysis of Fire Effects on Tank Cars, which solves heat conduction, stress and a failure model of the tank, a thermodynamic model of its fluid contents, and a flow model for the lading flowing through the safety relief device. Subsequently, the consequences from the sphere BLEVE, such as the expected fireball diameter and duration and the expected blast overpressure produced by the BLEVE failures, are also subjects of active research. Here the blast using the methods of PHAST and SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering was calculated.Results suggest that methodologies here used gave reasonable estimations for such real and huge BLEVEs in a validated way, which may provide valuable guidance for risk mitigation strategy with regard to LPG facility in design, emergency planning, resiliency, operations, and risk management.  相似文献   

15.
在借鉴LPG储槽2次爆炸事故后果不确定分析成果的基础上,对事故过程中的不确定参数进行重新分析与选择,将孔洞上方液位高度h0,气云的TNT当量系数α,泄漏开始到点火源出现之前的持续时间t亦作为不确定分析的参数,并利用随机抽样推测的不确定分析方法,对VCE与BLEVE 2次事故后果进行重新分析,获得了与前人研究成果差异较大的结果,并由此分析这些参数对于事故后果影响的显著性。同时对2次爆炸事故的伤害距离进行了研究与分析,由于LPG的闪蒸以及参数α的影响,本案例中LPG泄漏量为总量的80%-90%以上时,2次事故的死亡半径相等且达到最小。  相似文献   

16.
This paper describes an experimental study of 2300 L pressure vessels exposed to remote fire heating by a natural gas fuelled wall fire simulator. The tanks were filled to 15% capacity with commercial liquid propane. The flame intensity and distance were varied to study the effect of different heating levels on the tank and its lading.The fire simulator is first characterized with tests including fire thermocouples, radiative flux meters and thermal imaging. With the appropriate positioning of a target tank it is possible to get very realistic fire heat fluxes at the tank surface.Three tests were conducted with the 2300 L tanks filled to 15% capacity with propane. The tanks were positioned at three different distances from the wall fire resulting in measured average peak heat flux at the tank surfaces ranging between 24 and 43 kW m?2. The data shows rapid rise in vapour space wall temperatures, significant temperature stratification in the vapour space, and moderate rate of pressure rise. These results provide excellent data for the validation of computer models used to predict the response of pressure vessels exposed to moderate heating from a remote fire.  相似文献   

17.
为有效控制公路桥梁施工安全风险,提出一种可量化的公路桥梁施工安全风险评估方法.先构建我国公路桥梁施工总体安全风险评估指标体系,并基于蒙特卡洛抽样技术,运用k-s法对该评估指标体系总体分布进行有效检验.在此基础上,在给定的置信区间下对总体安全风险等级阚值进行界定划分,并通过实例进行验证.研究结果表明:该评估方法具有方便、实用、可靠性强的特点.  相似文献   

18.
An assignment to carry out a hazard study and risk analysis of a gas processing complex has been described briefly, wherein well known procedures have been used to identify and investigate potential hazards. A method of avoiding unintentional overfilling of LPG storage tanks has been recommended, which utilizes the existing level control instruments.  相似文献   

19.
    
In order to research the hydrocarbon fireball characteristic of LPG tanker Boiled Liquid Evaporate Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) under different conditions, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the hydrocarbon fireballs from the LPG tanker BLEVE accidents were carried out. Several new different factors, such as the mass of fuel, inlet velocity and airflow velocity, were considered to analyze the influence on the evolution of the characteristics of the fireball and the development of the LPG tanker BLEVE accidents. Results indicate that the fireball with a greater mass of fuel radiates more heat but slower. The large longitudinal diameter of the fireball and high radiation heat flux are observed in case of a faster inlet velocity used for the same mass. The airflow was found to shorten the initial phase of the fireball effectively. Some suggestions were proposed to prevent the LPG BLEVE accidents. Analysis performed show that various parameters like fireball diameter, radiative heat flux and lifting speed of fireball can be predicted well using FDS code.  相似文献   

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